八年级英语下册 Unit 1 课时4 Section B（2a-2e）（学生版）

Unit1What’sthematter?第4课时SectionB(2a-2e)重点词汇1.重点单词的含义及用法：ourselves；climber；risk；situation；kilo；rock；knife；blood；mean；importance；decision；control；spirit；death2.重难短语：gethit/sunburned；cutoneself；；haveproblemsdoingsth.；beusedtodoingsth.；loseone’slife；runout(of)；saveone'slife；cutoff；bandageoneself；sothat；meandoingsth.；getoutof；beincontrolof；gomountainclimbing；takerisks；keepondoingsth.重点句型1.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.2.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.3.Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisarm.4.Then,withhisleftarm，hebandagehimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.5.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.技能目标能读懂有关描述健康问题与意外事故的短文重难单词默写与词性变换 1.我们自己pron.→我们(主格):→我们(宾格):→我们的(形容词性物主代词):→我们的(名词性物主代词):2.登山者；攀登者n.→爬，攀登v.3.危险；风险；冒险n.&v.4.问题；苦恼n.5.情况；状况n.6.千克；公斤n.(=kilogram)7.岩石n.8.刀n.→复数：9.血n.10.意思是；打算；意欲n.→过去式：11.重要性n.→重要的adj.12.决定；抉择n.→决定v.13.限制；约束；管理n.&v.14.勇气，意志n.15.死亡n.经典短语默写：1.被打击2.被晒伤3.切到自己4.做某事有困难5.对某事感兴趣6.习惯做某事7.失去(某人的)生命8.用完9.救(某人的)命10.切除11.为某人自己包扎12.以便于13.意味着做某事14.离开；从……出来15.做决定16.掌管；管理17.如此……以至于……18.去爬山19.冒险20.介意做某事21.坚持做某事经典句型过关： 1.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。Asamountain,Aron.2.但当他的水喝完时，他明白必须做些什么来拯救自己了。Butwhenhiswater,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtoown.3.因此他用刀子切除了他的半条右臂。Sohehistohalfhisarm.4.然后，他用左臂给自己打上绷带，这样不至于失血过多。Then,hisleftarm，hehewouldnotlose.5.这意味着处于一种你似乎无法解脱的困境之中。Thisbeinginadifficultthatyoucannotseemto.6.……在我们不得不作出生死抉择之前。...andbeforewehavetomakeadecisionthatcouldmeanlifeand.1.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。▲beusedto相关用法beusedto意为“习惯于做……适应于……”,to在此为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。be可以换成get或become。例：Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯于早起。【注意】（1）beusedto(doing)sth.强调状态；get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.强调过程。（2）beusedtodosth./fordoingsth.意为“被用于做某事”，是被动语态。例：Astampisusedforsendingletters.邮票被用作寄信。Woodisusedtomakepaper.木头被用作制作纸。（3）usedtodosth.“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，只用于过去时态。例：Heusedtogotoworkonfoot.他过去常常走路去上班。牛刀小试I________playcomputergames,butnowI________swimminginmyfreetime.A．useto;amuseto B．amusedto;usedtoC．usedto;amusedto D．usedto;amuseto▲risk相关用法risk既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，意为“风险、冒险”常构成短语：takerisks冒险attheriskof冒着……可能的危险例：Thereisnomuchriskofyourcatchingcoldifyoukeepwarm.如果你保持温暖就不会有感冒的风险。牛刀小试Aron热爱攀岩并且不介意冒险。Aronlovesmountainclimbinganddoesn’tmind.2.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.但当他的水喝完时，他明白必须做些什么来拯救自己了。▲runout与runoutof辨析意思区别run

out(某物)用完，不多了不及物动词词组，后面不能接宾语，不用于被动语态，以主动形式表被动，主语通常是时间、金钱等无生命事物run

out

of用完(某物)及物动词词组，后面需加宾语，主语必须是人，相当于useup,多用于进行时或完成时例：Ourtimeisrunningout.我们的时间要用完了。Whatdoyouplantodowhenyourmoneyrunsout?当你的钱用完了，你打算做什么?Ihaverunoutofmymoney.我已经用完了我的钱。牛刀小试1.ThespringwaterinJinan________unlesswestopwastingwater.A．runout B．willrunout C．runoutof D．willrunoutof2．She________hermoneytobuyallthenewclothesyesterday.A．ranoutof B．ranout C．runout D．runsoutof3.Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisarm.因此他用刀子切除了他的半条右臂。▲cut相关搭配用法cutoff为固定短语，意为“切除，切断”。常见的与cut相关的的短语：cutdown砍倒；削减cutup切碎cutin插入；插话o...把……切成……cutout删掉牛刀小试1．Tosavehislife,Aronhadtocut________hisrightarm.A．off B．up C．down D．out2．Therearesomeappleshere.Letmehelpyou________.A．cutupthem B．cutthemup C．cutitup D．cutupit4.Then,withhisleftarm，hebandagehimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.然后，他用左臂给自己打上绷带，这样不至于失血过多。▲with与in作方式介词时辨析with介词，表“用（工具等）”Theyeatwithforks.他们用叉子进食。I’llhavetoseeitwithmyowneyes.我必须要亲眼看到它。in介词，“用（语言、声音、材料等）”ShecangiveatalkinEnglish.她能用英语作演讲。Hetalkedtoherinalowvoice.他低声和她说话。牛刀小试1．________themoney,hehelpedalotofhomelesspeoplebuildhouses.A．Spend B．In C．With D．Use2．Writethemeaning________Chinese.A．use B．with C．in D．using▲sothat相关用法sothat以便，为了(1)sothat引导目的状语从句，从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等。例：Wewentearlysothatwecouldgetgoodseats.我们很早到以便有好的座位。(2)sothat引导目的状语从句，当主句主语与从句主语一致时，可用“soasto(inorderto)＋动词原形”转化为简单句。例：Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.＝Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchtheearlybus.他起床如此早以便于可以赶上早班车。(3)sothat还可以与inorderthat互换。例：Heworkeddayandnightsothat/inorderthathecouldsucceed.牛刀小试1．Weshouldstudyhard________getmuchknowledge.A．when B．sothat C．unless D．inorderto2．Helefttheofficeinahurry_________hecouldcatchthelasttraintohishometown.A．sothat B．inorderto C．evenif D．becauseof5.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.这意味着处于一种你似乎无法解脱的困境之中。▲mean相关用法mean(v.)意思是(vt.)，打算，意欲（vi.）常用搭配：meandoing意味着meantodo打算；意图；企图例：Successmeansworkingveryhard.成功意味着非常努力。Idon'tknowwhatdoyoumean.我不知道你是什么意思。Imeantoseeyouofftomorrow.我打算明天去为你送别。【拓展】①meaning(n.)意思(可数/不可数)例：Thewordhasmanymeanings.这个单词有很多意思。②means(n.)方式/方法/手段(单复同形)例：Therearenomeansofgettingthere.有很多到达那里的方式。牛刀小试错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。Missingthistrainanotherhour.6....andbeforewehavetomakeadecisionthatcouldmeanlifeanddeath.在我们不得不作出生死抉择之前。▲die,dead,dying与death辨析die动词，“死，死亡”，非延续性东动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用dead形容词，“死的，无生命的”，表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，表达“死了多长时间”用have/hasbeendeadfor+时间段，或“died+时间段+ago”dyingdie的现在分词，作定语或表语，表“垂死的，要死的”death名词，“死，死亡”，在句中作主语或宾语牛刀小试Mydog________yesterday.Its________mademesad.A．die;dead B．died;dying C．died;death D．dead;died一、单项选择1.Iusedto________mydream.ButnowIgetusedto________doingeverything.I’msuccessfulatlast.A．giveup;keeping B．givingup;keepingC．givingup;keep D．giveup;keep2．Somepeoplewastemuchwater.Theydon’tbelieveitcan________someday.A．runout B．berunout C．runoutof D．keepout3．—Angela,IwanttomakeRussiansoup.Wouldyoupleasetellmehowtomakeit?—I’mgladto.First,youneedto________thevegetablesandbeef.A．cutup B．cutdown C．cutoff D．cutout4．Peoplecan_______theirphonestocommunicatewiththeirfamily,and_______theirphonestheycanevenhavevideotalks.A．use；use B．with；with C．use；with D．with；use5．The________womanisafraidof________.A．death;dying B．dead;die C．dying;death D．died;dying6．Weshouldlearnthe________oftheChinesewomen'svolleyballteaminourlifeandstudy.A．decision B．situation C．importance D．spirit7．Myunclewas______controlofasmallcompany.A．for B．in C．to D．on8．Hewasbadlyill,buthekepton________until2:00a.m.A．workB．workingC．workedD．towork9．Ifyougooutonsuchacoldday,thereisa________ofcatchingacold.A．risk B．choice C．symbol10．Wecan’tseeanytreesherebecausesomepeople________them________.A．cut;down B．cut;up C．cut;off D．cut;into二、根据所给提示填空，每空一词1．Nothingisimpossible.It(意思是)everythingcanhappenifyoumakeefforts(努力).2．Wecantakecareof(our)anddoeverythingwell.3．Hefeelssadeverytimehethinksofhiscat’s(dead)4．Oncehisismade,therewillbenogoingback.(decide)5．Itisnecessaryforeveryonetoknowthe(important)ofwetlands.6．Many(climb)diedonthehalfwaytothemountain.7．Althoughhedied,his(精神)willliveon.8．Weuse(knife)tocutfruit.9．Insuchadangerous(形势、情况),whatshouldwedotokeepussafe?10．Buyingclothesonlinehassome(风险).ButIlikeit.三、选词填空blood,rock,kilo,important,die1．Themonkeyhidbehindthe,sowecouldn'tfindit.2．—Ineedabouttwoofmeatfordinner.Canyoubuyitforme,Bob?—Sure.I'llbuyitrightnow.3．Remembertotellthechildrentheofsavingwater.4．Bettylovedhergrandpaandshelearnedalotfromhim.Hergrandpa'smadeherreallysad.5．Theoldmanlostalotofintheaccident.Iamafraidhemightdie.四、完成句子1．不要去冒险，那样做是很危险的。Don’t.Itisdangerous.2．这位老人上周用完了所有的大米和水。Theoldmanallofhisriceandwaterlastweek.3．他不想当老师，所以他正考虑放弃教学。Hedoesn'twanttobeateacher.Soheisthinkingofteaching.4．我不习惯这里的一切。Iwasnotanythinghere.5．医生切除了她的左臂。Thedoctorherleftarm.五、阅读理解Cait,11,wastryingtofallasleepwhenher8-year-oldbrother,Doug,cameintoherroom.Helookedaround,butseemedreallyoutofit.ThenDougwentbackintothehallwayandstoodtherelookingstraightupatthelight.Thiswasreallystrange.Caitdidn’tknowwhattodo.Justthen,Cait’sfatherappearedandexplainedDougwassleepwalking.Notallsleepisthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeep,quietsleepandsomeactivesleep,whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalkingwouldhappenduringactivesleepbutapersonisn’tphysicallyactiveduringactivesleep.Itusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepintheperiodcalleddeepsleep.Thetruthisthatnotallsleepwalkerswalk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractlikethey’reawakewhen,infact,they’reasleep!Most,however,dogetupandwalk