浙江首考2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题 含解析

2025年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.Lookforajob. B.Movetoanewplace. C.Rearrangethefurniture.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Whatarealltheseboxesfor?M:I’mlookingforanewapartment.W:Why?M:Well,justforachange.Andtherentistoohigh.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anewbook. B.Amorningpaper. C.AnAfricanteacher.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Wow,Jennifergothernewbookpublishedlastmonth.Ilearneditfromthemorningpapertoday.M:Yes,Iknow,it’sbasedonherteachingexperienceinAfricalastyear.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Regretful. B.Anxious. C.Confused.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Jim.HaveyouseenBob?M:Notsinceheleftmyofficeanhourago.Why?W:He’ssupposedtobeattheairportnowtopickupMrAnderson,buthe’snowheretobefound.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inapolicestation. C.Inacar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Slowdownabit,John,keepitunder65wedon’twanttobepulledoverbythepolice.M:Okay.Ijustwantedtogettotheservicestationsooner.I’mkindofhungry.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemangoingtodotomorrow?APaythebill. B.Checkthemailbox. C.Fixthegascooker.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ifoundthegasbillinthemailbox.M:Howmuchisit?W:Aboutahundredandfifty?Oh,itwasduelastFriday.M:Don’tworry,I’lltakecareofittomorrow.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhatdoesStevethinkofhistraining?A.Disappointing. B.Acceptable. C.Excellent.7.HowlongdoesStevetraineachday?A.Threehours. B.Fivehours. C.Tenhours.【答案】6.C7.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Steve,howisyourtraininggoing?M:Great.MycoachhasareallygoodswimprogramformeandIthinkI’minfirstclasscondition.W:Doyouhavetogetupveryearly?M:Well,Idon’tliketrainingearlyinthemorning,soIstartat10.W:Isee.Whataboutlunchthen?M:Idon’thavelunch.Lunchmakesmesleepy.Itrainallthroughthedayuntilthree.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhatdoesMarksayaboutlivedrawing?A.It’senjoyable. B.It’sstressful. C.It’screative.9.WhatisthenewthingthatMarkwantstodrawon?A.Magazines. B.Diaries. C.Maps.10.WheredoMark’sinspirationscomefrom?A.Hisdreams. B.Hisparents. C.Histravels.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Goodeveningeveryone,I’mFionawithustonightisMark,afamouslocalartist.Thanksforjoiningus.Mark.M:ThankyouFiona.W:Haveyoudonelivedrawingbefore?Istheremorepressuretodrawinfrontofanaudience?M:Yes,Ihavedonelivedrawingbefore.It’salwaysfun.Ioftendrawpicturesinpubsandpeoplealwayscomeoverforalookandachat.W:Iknowthatyou’vedrawnpicturesonmanythings,includingmapsandthecoversofbooksandmagazines.What’ssomethingyouhaven’tdrawnonyetbutreallywantto?M:I’dliketodrawonpersonaldiariespeoplehavekeptovertheyearsanddrawtheowneronit.W:Fantastic.Couldyoualsotelluswhereyourinspirationscomefrom?M:MostarefromthepeopleI’vemetandtalkedtowhenIwastravelling.Ialwaysdreamedoftravelingaroundtheworldandcreatingaseriesofdrawingsaboutdifferentcitiesintheworld.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatpositionisthemaninterestedin?A.Windowcleaner. B.Shopassistant. C.Fitnesscoach.12.Whatwillbeprovidedforthejob?A.Acompanycar. B.Asmartphone. C.Avideorecorder.13.Whatisneededtodothejob?A.Computerskills. B.Physicalstrength. C.Workexperience.【答案】11.A12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:Hellomissuscar’scommercialcleaning.MayIhelpyou?M:Yes,I’mcallingtoaskaboutthecleanerposition.Isitstillavailable?W:Yes,itis.WemainlyworkwithsmallstoresintheareaandthejobistocleanthestorefrontWindows.M:Iknowyousaidthatinthead.DoIneedworkexperience?W:No,weofferonthejob.Paidtrainingasacompanycarisprovided.Youmusthaveadriver’slicenseandagooddrivingrecord.Youalsoneedtohaveasmartphoneforcommunication.M:Surething.CanIaskaboutthepay?W:Certainly,it’stentotwelvedollarsperhourplustips.M:OKdoyouhaveotherrequirements?W:Ouremployeesmustbedependableandbeabletoliftheavythingsandstandlonghoursatatime.M:Noproblem.W:Good.Canyoucometomorrowafternoonattwoforaninterview?M:OK.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthemando?A.He’sareceptionist. B.He’sasecretary. C.He’sawaiter.15.Whydoesthemansaysorrytothewoman?A.Heshowedherthewrongway.B.Thereisnoreservationforher.C.Hernamehasbeenmisspelled.16.Whatistheman’sadviceforthewoman?A.Comebacklater. B.Talktothemanager. C.Postponethemeeting.17.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Tidyuparoom. B.Makeaphonecall. C.Goforacoffee.【答案】14.A15.B16.A17.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?W:Yes,I’vegotareservation.MynameisHilaryLangley.M:Justamoment,please.Howdoyouspellyourlastname?W:ALALGLEYLangley.M:Well,I’msorry,butwedon’tseemtohaveareservationforyou.W:Theremustbesomemistake.I’mattendingaconferenceinthecityandmysecretarytoldmethattheconferenceorganizermadethereservationforme.M:Isee.No,I’msorry.Youarenotbookedinhere.W:Well,butcanyoufindmeasingleroomanyway?M:I’mafraidthere’snothingavailableatthemoment.W:Look,Ireallyneedaroomhere.CanItalktoyourmanager?M:Themanagerisawayonbusiness,butwell,Imaybeabletohelpyouifyoucouldwaitandpreparetocheckinaftertwointheafternoon,we’llhavesomeroomsatthattime.W:That’dbeverykindofyou.Couldyougivemeacallwhenyouhavearoomavailable?I’lljustwanderaroundandhavesomecoffee.M:Certainly.Wouldyoupleasegivemeyourphonenumber?W:Sure.Here’smycard.Thanks.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whydomanybirdsliveinthecity?A.Theycanobtainfoodeasily.B.Theyenjoyhumancompany.C.Theylosttheirnaturalhabitat.19.WhatdoesChristinafindsurprising?A.Thebirdsarefacingseriousdangers.B.Differentkindsofbirdslivetogether.CSomebirdsareattractedtothepoles.20.WhatisChristina’ssuggestionconcerningthebirds?A.Drivethemaway. B.Feedthemregularly. C.Doresearchonthem.【答案】18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】Goodevening.I’mhonoredtohavemyvoiceheardtomakeadifferenceinthelivesofthoselittlebirdsthatshareourcity.MynameisChristina.I’manenthusiasticbirdwatcher.Becausewecutdowntoomanytreesinthenearbyareas,manybirdsnowfindplaceswithinthecitytolive.Themostcommonistheareabehindthelargeadvertisementboardsonthepoles.It’sanaturalchoiceforthebirdsbecausethepolesaresimilartotrees,tallandfarfromdangersontheground.Thesurprisingthingisthattherearelikelymorethanfiveorsixkindsofbirdslivingtogetherateachplace.Whiletryingtolearnmoreaboutthesebirds,Ifindthattherehavenotbeenanyconsistentstudiesormonitoringofthem.Theireatinghabits,adaptationtolifeinthecity,diseases,deathrateandsuchotherinformationarenotavailable.I’dliketosuggestthataprogrammebestartedtostudythesebirds.Itcouldbeconvenienttoemploybirdwatcherstodotheinitialstudies.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AInterlibraryLoan(ILL)providesteachers,studentsandstaffwithaccesstobooksthatarecheckedoutornotownedbyourownlibraries,aswellasdigitizedcopiesofarticlesandbookchaptersfromourcollection.WhoCanBorrow?Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.Interlibraryloanisnotavailabletoformerstudents,guestborrowersorfee-cardholders.HowLongDoesItTake?Articlesareusuallyreceivedwithin1-2daysandbooksin5-10days.However,obtainingitemsthatarerare,recentlypublishedorinhighdemandmaytakelonger.Tospeeduptheprocess,pleasemakesuretheinformationyousubmitthroughtheILLRequestFormisaccurate.LengthofLoansLoanperiodsareestablishedbythelendinglibrary.Allduedatesarenotedonthelabel.Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.Anyrestrictionsestablishedbythelendinglibrarywillbeindicatedonthelabel.Norenewals(续借)areallowedforphysicalitemsborrowedthroughILL.Notification/DeliveryOptionsForaphysicalitem,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitarrives.Itemsarepickedupatoneofourlibraries—theoneyouselectedintheILLRequestForm.Foranarticleorbookchapter,youwillbenotifiedbyemailwhenitisavailable.Toobtainthearticleorchapter,clickonthelinkprovidedintheemailandlogintoyourILLaccount.Onceinyouraccount,selectElectronicArticlesReceived.InterlibraryLoanFeesLibraryTypeLoanCostArticle/ChapterCostNon-ProfitLibraries$15$10For-ProfitLibraries$20$12InternationalLibraries$25$1521.WhocanusetheILLservice?A.Formerstudents. B.Guestborrowers.C.Retiredteachers. D.Fee-cardholders.22.WhatisaruleforborrowingaprintbookthroughILL?A.Payanextrafeefordelivery. B.Renewitbeforetheduedate.C.Pickitupatthelendinglibrary. D.Returnitwhenitisrecalled.23.Howmuchdoyoupayfortwoarticlesobtainedfromaninternationallibrary?A.$15. B.$20. C.$24. D.$30.【答案】21.C22.D23.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆间借阅服务的相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Currentstudents,teachers(includingretired)andstaffcanrequestitemsthroughILL.(在校学生、教师（包括退休教师）和工作人员可以通过ILL请求借阅资料。)”可知，退休老师可以使用图书馆间借阅服务。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Borroweditemsaresubjecttorecallbythelendinglibrary.(借阅的物品可能会被借出的图书馆召回。)”可知，通过ILL借阅纸质书的规则是被借出的图书馆召回。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中“InternationalLibrariesArticle/ChapterCost$15(国际图书馆文章/章节费用15美元)”可知，从国际图书馆获取两篇文章的费用是15×2=30美元。故选D。BWhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.“Youdon’twanttogetfat”wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.Becauseofthis,I’mcarefulnottoconnectwhatmykidsweighwiththeirworthaspeople.Iencouragemydaughtertomakehealthysnackchoicesandoftendissuade(劝阻)herfromaseconddessert.ButonedaywhenIheardhersaying“IthinkI’mtoofat,”myheartsank.Itmademewonderifgivingheradviceonsnackswashavinganunintentionallynegativeimpact.AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,sayinglessismore.“Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem,”shesays.“Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.”Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawell-knownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe“DivisionofResponsibility,”whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.Allowingkidstoeatwhattheywantalsoexposesthemtothenaturalconsequencesoftheirdecisions.“Whenyourchildsays,‘Mystomachhurts,’youcansay,‘Wellyouhadalotofsugaryfoodsandyoumightfeelbetterifyoumadesomeotherchoices,’”saysMarkey.“Letthemfeelliketheyhavesomecontroloverit.”I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.“Feedingisalonggame,”saysMarkey.“Thefoodyouhaveavailablemakesahugedifference.Eveniftheydon’teatit,they’reseeingit.Andthenallofasuddenitclicks.”24.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Sheisupsetbyherkids’weight. B.Sheiscriticalofthewayshewasfed.C.Sheisinterestedinmakingfood. D.Sheisparticularaboutwhatsheeats.25.WhichofthefollowingwouldMarkeydisapproveof?A.Allowingkidstoeatcookiesoccasionally. B.Offeringvariousfoodstokidsatfixedtimes.C.Explainingtokidstherisksoftakingsnacks. D.Talkingwithkidsaboutschoolatmealtimes.26.Whatshouldkidsdoaccordingtothe“DivisionofResponsibility”?A.Makedietdecisionsontheirown. B.Sharetheirfoodwithotherkids.C.Eatupwhatisprovidedforthem. D.Helptheirparentsdothedishes.27.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthestrategiesshehasbeenfollowing?A.Costly. B.Complex.C.Workable. D.Contradictory.【答案】24.B25.C26.A27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者自己因童年时被灌输饮食观念而影响了与食物的关系，心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“WhenIwasachildIwasoftentoldwhatnottoeat.‘Youdon’twanttogetfat’wasonconstantrepeatthroughoutmychildhood.Itreallymessedupmyrelationshipwithfood—somethingthattookmeyearstoovercome.(当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这真的搞砸了我与食物的关系——这是我花了多年时间才克服的问题)”可知，作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响，由此可推断出，作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。故选B项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“AccordingtoCharlotteMarkey,aprofessorofpsychology,foodisoneoftheraresubjectswhere,asparents,sayinglessismore.‘Therearesomanythingsinparentingthataregoodtotalkthrough,butI’mnotconvincedthatfoodisoneofthem,’shesays.‘Itjustcreatessomeworriesandinsecuritiesinkidsthataren’tnecessarilyhealthy.’(根据心理学教授夏洛特·马基的说法，食物是为数不多的家长说得少反而更好的话题之一。“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得深入讨论，但我不认为食物是其中之一，”她说。“这只会给孩子们带来一些不必要的担忧和不安全感，这并不健康。”)”可知，马基不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论食物相关的话题，而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题，所以马基不会赞成。故选C项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead,sherecommendsapplyingawellknownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe‘DivisionofResponsibility,’whereparentsprovideavarietyofmostlyhealthyfoodstotheirkidsatfixedtimes,andthekidsthemselvesdecidewhatandhowmuchtheywanttoconsume—evenifthatmeansoccasionallyeatingmorecookiesthancarrots.(相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，即‘责任划分’，在这个概念中，家长在固定的时间为孩子提供各种主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己决定想吃什么和吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多)”可知，根据“责任划分”，孩子应该自己做饮食决策。故选A项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’vebeentryingoutthesestrategiesandI’vefoundthatwhenI’mlessrestrictive,theydomakebetterdecisions.(我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决策)”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选C项。CAnoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模块化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,withculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthatenjoythesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Runningoutof. B.Keepingawayfrom.C.Puttingupwith. D.Takingadvantageof.29.Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?A.Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens. B.Tobringinforeignspeciesofplants.C.Toconservesoilandwaterresources. D.Todeveloplow-maintenanceparkland.30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking.C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThefutureofgardeningisWILD. B.NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.C.MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE. D.OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“togardenmorelikenaturedoes”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keepingawayfrom.”同义。故选B项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地。故选D项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfourseasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师PietOudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，PietOudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味。故选C项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“ThefutureofgardeningisWILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题。故选A项。DAsnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas“Miuu.”Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’feelingsofattachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbelesslikelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.Whilegenderingaproductmaybegoodmarketing,itmayalsostrengthenoutdatedorharmfulideasaboutpowerandidentity.Thestereotypescommonlyassociatedwithmen,suchascompetitivenessanddominance,aremorevaluedthanthoseassociatedwithwomen.Thesequalities,inturn,aremappedontoproductsthathavebeenassignedagender.Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa“he”or“she.”Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(拟人化)“providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.32.Whatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderless?A.Toreducestereotypes. B.Tomeetpublicdemand.C.Tocutproductioncosts. D.Toencouragecompetition.33.Whatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudy?A.Designaproduct. B.Respondtoasurvey.C.Workasassistants. D.Takealanguagetest.34.Whyisitdifficulttocreategenderlessobjects?A.Theycannotbemass-produced. B.Namingthemisachallengingtask.C.Peopleassumetheyareunreliable. D.Genderisrootedinpeople’smind.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thequalityofgenderlessproducts. B.Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.C.Themeaningofanthropomorphism. D.Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“‘Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,’saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.(斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaselfdrivingcarknownas‘Miuu.’(在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应。故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa‘he’or‘she.’(马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难。故选D项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(拟人化)‘providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.’(然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.____36____There’snovalueindeliveringanykindofcommunication,whetherwritten,spoken,formal,orinformal,ifthemessagedoesn’tcomeacrossclearly.Beingclearandbrief—whilemaintaininginterestandincludingeverythingyourlistenersneedtoknow—isahigh-levelcommunicationskill.Herearesometipsworthfollowinginordertocommunicatemoreeffectively.Keepyouraudienceinmind.Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.____37____Thiswillengagetheirdesiretounderstandandinteractwiththeinformation.Don’tusetenwordswhenonewilldo.Eventhemostengagedandcommittedaudiencewilleventuallygetbored.Keepingyourmessagesimpleandclearwillmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstand.____38____However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.Keepitsimple.____39____Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudiencetocontributetheirideasortotakearoleinexplainingnewconceptsandpoliciestoothers.Allowthemtoleaddiscussionsandmeetingstodeveloptheircommunicationskills.Considerthebestmethodtodeliveryourmessage.Iftheinformationyou’recommunicatingisn’turgent,considersendinganemail.Writtencommunicationwillgiveyouraudiencemoretimetoreviewit,thinkitover,andfollowupwithquestions.____40____Buildingeffectivecommunicationskillstakestimebuttheeffectsareworththeeffort.A.Bepatient.B.Gettheaudienceinvolved.C.Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.D.Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.E.Youmaybesurprisedbywhatyourlistenersoffer.F.Itwillalsogivethemahandyrecordtoreferbackto.G.Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.【答案】36.C37.D38.G39.B40.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。【36题详解】上文“Oneofthemostcommonmistakesincommunicationistryingtodotoomuch.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“Thebestmessagesareoftensimple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“toomuch”形成对比。故选C项。【37题详解】上文“Youraudiencewillnaturallybemoreinterestedandengagedwhenyoutailoryourcommunicationstotheirinterests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speakdirectlytowhatmatterstothem.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。【38题详解】下文“However,they’rehearingitforthefirsttime.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“Asthespeaker,youalreadyknowwhatyou’regoingtosay.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“whatyou’regoingtosay”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。【39题详解】下文“Ifyou’veeverworkedasaninstructor,manager,trainerorcoach,you’llknowthattherearefewbetterwaystolearnnewinformationthantoteachit.Asktheaudienc