电力专业术语英汉对照表

突然损失发电机或线路：suddenlossofageneratorortransmissionline.

负荷突然增加或减少：suddenloadincreasesordecreases2N6H5@-k3s1f"h

短路和开关操作：shortcircuitsandswitchingoperations.

三相和对地短路：three-phaseandline-to-groundfaults

短路器：circuitbreaker

暂态过电压和电流：transientovervoltagesandcurrents

雷击：lightningstrikes

电涌放电器：surgearrester

相量：phasor，通常用复数phasors

瞬时功率：instantaneouspower;n7^;P1`5P

特别地：Inparticular,,T)Y0_"w7`/F6x0T

正弦电压或电流：Asinusoidalvoltageorcurrentatconstantfrequency2d;`2o/_5d)X$f

;D3`)e&x+w:J;@2e

最大值：maximumvalue;uu5M$M:n6o'T1G(t

有效值：effectivevalue

平均值：averagevalue

-i!W6X!]6z]&F5T

坐标系实轴：realaxis

坐标系虚轴：imaginaryaxis/B-D&b:u5i6d.v5w;O

相量图：phasordiagramfor…/n$b6_3_:?4D4?*M

'H(i[2d9c,V;}

无源元件：passiveelements

电阻、电感、电容、电抗：resistor,inductor,andcapacitor,reactance,;@)O+z/V1M*z&W

感性、容性：inductive,capacitive$M*Z#U#N$Z3D3t

有功功率：realpoweroractivepower

无功功率：reactivepower2z2^/d*i#t/w.t9o

功率因数：powerfactor

功率因数角：powerfactorangle8V5A.D5|"j:r/H(L-h

Asingle-phasesourcedelivers100kWtoaloadoperatingatapowerfactorof0.8lagging.

物理意义：Thephysicalsignificanceof…9?$k:x:H)T'i6pV

…与…同相位：…beinphasewith…j%y:c"C:p+K

Example：Forapurelyresistiveload,thecurrentintotheloadisinphasewiththeloadvoltage.

如式（2.1）所示：Asindicatedby(2.1),…4Q(i#G&y"N#F!b

…落后(超前)…多少相位：Thecurrentlags（leads）thevoltageby90.

正弦稳态：sinusoidal-steady-state.D1h&X%H0P*t1V;~$_6N'x

让a＝b，得到：Lettinga=bgives

1h3H9I"^7z5B

按照惯例（通常）：Byconvention,thepowerfactorcos(a-b)ispositive.

时间区间：atimeintervalT.Example:ThetotalenergyabsorbedbyaloadduringatimeintervalT.-Z;j%d1s6M1^'p4K:_

额定值：rating.例：额定功率－powerrating；发电机额定功率－powerratingofelectricgenerator；额定电压：voltagerating.3C(sL9@+i,\5n)V

基尔霍夫电流（电压）方程：Kirchhoff’scurrent(voltage)law。（P.48）

节点方程：nodalequations&h.p3u:I2F5L

导纳矩阵：admittancematrix

有N个节点电压构成的列相量：columnvectorofNbusvoltages

对角元素：diagonalelements

非对角元：off-diagonalelements/~)u!\0G5m

自导纳：self-admittance;driving-pointadmittance)H6nd5I2^q

互导纳：mutualadmittance;transferadmittance$Y!G+f'[2m,e8o&m

美国8.14大停电：TheUSblackouton14August,2003

…对…将产生深远影响：TheblackoutwillhavehugetechnicalandorganizationalconsequencesfortheUSpowerindustry.

当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压：Theexistinglocalreactivepowersourceswerenotabletosupportthevoltages.0K&X/f$V0M1v'V)l

切除线路：trip(tripped)thelines.

Theisolatedpartsufferedfromlowvoltageandaseveredeficitofgeneration.

9P6y1_%E%l:L$[

电力系统稳定是指…：Powersystemstabilityreferstotheabilityofsynchronousmachinestomovefromonesteady-stateoperatingpointfollowingadisturbancetoanothersteady-stateoperatingpoint,withoutlosingsynchronism.

额定值：nominalvalues

故障类型：lossofgeneration,line-switchingoperations,faults,suddenloadchanges

EMS=EnergyManagementSystem/o/g-o2k-Y'V&gp:W

能量管理系统1u/Y&A%F8Z

DMS=DistributionManagementSystem

配电网络管理系统.]1c!K;o"j3C

SCADA=SupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisition监管控制与数据采集（调度自动化系统）+P5o;?9O%g*~7|:p

(T2F9l&@&A6J-r

AGC=AutomaticGenerationControl

自动发电控制

LFC=LoadFrequencyControl*e1G#I5B*j)e'W

负荷频率控制

EDC=EconomicloadDispatchingControl经济调度负荷控制9_+U4S*n7n(X-e

RTU=RemoteTerminalUnit

远程终端单元（远动分站）

MMI=MenMachineInterface0b8F-a/O+q7W1z

人机交互界面（在屏幕上进行监视与操作、控制）:s(i%}1C,a%L5F)v0l;z

CRT=CathodeRayType

阴极射线显示（显像管监视器）7M*y2g%v:F5`!G0D/P

LC=LoadControl&k5P0h*K$H(J$]

负荷控制6S;L8|4^H8q;G1J

AM/FM=AutomatedMappingandFacilitiesManagement自动绘图与设备管理

DSM=DemandSideManagement

armature:e"l#b7s"F't$^#v!@4c.o;i

电枢（电机的部件）+D,P,k+p8_$\&M)E(}/A

field2|3o8W0@,V3v6F

8M3b$\0L,{,]'H/L*g8|.j

场，范围

polepair4v.X(b1Y*W8j2r.k

杆对,极对(f9z0_3l6E

mmf=MagneticMotiveForce/l4`:H-Q(S5U

磁动势

quadrature0\3b8u!t3S9I5n*g!V

90度相移0v!n:|&d4o7j!{

directandquadratureaxes

d和q轴8j.]5B4y#N6Y#B

magneticcircuit

磁路

Perunitrepresentation

每个机组的表示法/d%p1w,l$[7?

Stator

定子,固定片

Rotor

转子"p"@1}4K:y4c+?(v2C;i

fluxlinkage

磁链

torque)P"\1]8`*Y:q

4D+j1M3`4S:T9rm7w;a"r)e0O

转矩!},i0l!c$j7h

phasorrepresentation

矢量表示法,:C!\4C"T%L1f#q5|9X0B

magneticsaturation;U%H;s3K-X

磁(性)饱和4I4B9h;K*Z4o

opencircuit

[电]断路

swing8S*Q;b0m/}4`

摆动、摇摆7G:i#H*}8r-d*\(j:Y

inertia9m8@2s5t/M4m

惯性

constant

常数*r4n2c!A:V.["U,|

large-scale

大规模的8O3w6}9a6^.F([1N6o

amortisseur0J6y4bA#~7p#U.A5q+Y

阻尼器%o(s;\)w"@6y

reactive7r$U,Dt,@&S6p+e9_:[

电抗的'N#v&P#l5n/a*o/O,P+k

capability[.Kx;o,y8X0~

可能输出功率

natural(@9N0L4j,@:|/U'`8x+|3J

+Y(f4v5z;E(o

固有的3^+J1?+?${6l#o*y'm9s"I

surge7L6|&I$P#q4y2o:h(c.m

冲花

transfer

传递,转移:c!p2t&x*H:k&h$F0V8r

loadability6C3O4x-@6N-j3]5@7z

载荷能力,载荷率5A5^1fl,s1{%A"X-M)u5e

inductionmotor:O&Q7J,c-z/d#R.m!d(G)x4X

感应电动机#nj$z4K2OC

steady-state

稳态.t#N5t*J8r9K"p6v

approach2C.\+x!G*X8W6P

.m7q:Z2L+d#A-L"A'F)Z

趋近,近似法)f"R1j.|&m-@

excitation

励磁!C3m&L&J2y;L

underexcite/K#q;F$j%d3Z.f5v

欠励磁,励磁不足;n.z+P;F5s5V1s1R

limiter

限制器%m)[7Q9A/o+]+j*Z"S

overexcitation+w7x*I-p2~0h-H3p

过激励,超激磁(Y'A:A7~8I,N

subtransient

次暂态

phase-shiftingtransformer(kq$]4\9N+B-x0R

移相变压器7g;W,[.w/m9@

field-shorting2{+?0|6a%@'l$r

励磁短路4U1K$g1l.^&n'I'i

primemover

原动机'Y'Q7D+k!o:w

energysupply

供电

hydraulicturbine

水轮机

governing

控制，管理，调节

turbine;q.}1k