高考英语语法复习【知识精研精讲】定语从句

高考英语语法复习：定语从句目录01定语从句的定义与核心概念03特殊用法与高频考点、易错点02基本用法：关系代词与关系副词04定语从句与其他句型的区别05定语从句在写作中的应用定语从句的

定义与核心概念01ThisisthebestTVseries

thatIhaveeverseen.先行词放置于名词之后，修饰名词的从句关系词1.2.连接作用指代先行词3.在从句中充当成分定语从句的概述定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。定语从句的构成定语从句由关系词引导，修饰先行词，关系词在从句中充当成分(主、宾、定、状)如：Themanwhoyousawyesterdayismyfriend.先行词的识别先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常位于定语从句之前。如：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.(注意从句前有多个名词时，以及非限定从先行词的判断)关系词的作用关系词连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或状语等成分。如：ThecitywhereIwasbornisbeautiful.where是关系词，引导定语从句并作状语，表示地点。定语从句的概述1.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofwhichhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.2.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesn’taccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.3.Heranallthewayfromthestation,whichIthoughtwasincredible.4.ThefilmNeZha2,directedbyYangYu,widenlyknownasJiaozi,whichbecameahitrecently,hasbrokentheboxofficerecordssinceitsdebut.5.AnotherfoodcropraisedbyIndiansthatwasstrangetotheEuropeanwascalledIndiancorn.判断下列定语从句的先行词非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句：与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代词that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。例：Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.China,whichhasalonghistory,isbecomingstongerandstronger.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.对先行词起限定作用，译为“...的”1.只能对先行词起附加说明作用，翻译时另起一句话，译为并列句或状语从句。2.先行词是表示泛指的名词或代词（不定代词）2.先行词通常是表示特指或独一无二的词，或者一个句子（指代一件事情）3.关系词可用that/why；关系词有时可省略；which只能指物，不能指事件3.关系词不可用that/why；关系词有时可省略；which可以指物，也可以指事件（整个主句）02基本用法：

关系代词和关系副词who/whom/that指人who在从句中作主语，如：Theboywhoisstudyingismybrother.whom作宾语，如：Thegirlwhomyoumetismyfriend.也可用that代替。which/that指物which用于指物，如：ThebookwhichIboughtisinteresting.that也可指物，但非限制性定语从句中只能用which。whose表所属whose表示所属关系，如：Themanwhosecarisbrokenismyneighbor.指物时可用ofwhich代替，指人时可用ofwhom代替。Themanofwhomthecarisbrokenismyneighbor.关系代词的用法when表时间when用于先行词为时间时，如：Irememberthedaywhenwemet.相当于onwhichThetimewhenweshouldstartisnotdecided.(2022)where表地点where用于先行词为地点时，如：ThisistheplacewhereIgrewup.相当于inwhich注意：抽象地点名词point,work,stage,case,situation,condition,position,scene,occasion场合,system,environment,activity,race,discussion,feathure功能点...why表原因why用于先行词为reason时，如：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisunknown.相当于forwhichThereasonthathegavewasnotconvincing.(2023)关系副词的用法练习1：1.I'mlookingforthewatch___________Iboughtyesterday.2.Doyouknowthelittleboy__________ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?3.Isthereanyonehere_______nameisBetty?4.Johnistheboy_______legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.5.Hestillremembertheday_______hemetthegreatmaninthestreet.6.Thatisthereason_________heisleavingsosoon.7.Thisisthehotel________theystayedlastmonth.8.Thewindowsanddoorscamefromoldbuilding_______

werebeingpulleddown.9.—Thevillage____________Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.whenwhywherewherewhich/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhosewhoseas引导定语从句的用法

限制性定从中：主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。as既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。Wehavefoundthesamematerialsasareusedintheirfactory.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.非限定从中：主要用于以下结构asweallknow(=asisknowntoall)众所周知assbimagines/sees/notes正如某人想象/看到/提到的那样asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样asisoftenthecase情况常常如此aswasexpected正如预料的那样asismentionedabove正如上面所提到的ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的asisreportedinthenewspaper正如报纸上所报道的那样引导非限制性定语从句时as与which的区别关系词位置不同表意不同as既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中意为“正如...”,后面的谓语动词多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等which通常放在主句之后意为“这”或“这件事”等练习2：1.BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool

givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.

2.DrRowan，

secretaryresignedtwoweeksago，hashadtodoallhisowntyping.3.

iswidelyaccepted，intheMiddleEastArabsgreeteachotherbytouchingnoses，butthisisnotapolitewayofgreetinginothercultures.4.ThenMrGreenreadsomereviewsoftheplay，

saiditwasaterribleone.5.Inthespring，aseason

wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife，manyofusfindcomfortinthenaturalworld.6.Theyarenowinasituation

theyneedtomakeapracticalplan.7.

youcansee,thereisnotrulyfreemeal.8.Thisisthesamebook

Ilostyesterday.9.Heislate,

oftenhappens.which/thatwhoseAswhichwhenwhereAsasas03定语从句的特殊用法、高频考点、易错点先行词与从句主语有关系相当于whose，或先行词的一部分，用介词ofThenewlybuiltcafe，thewallsofwhich/whosewalls/someofthewallsarepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.先行词在从句中做宾语介词依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定：Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIhadsaved.先行词在从句中做状语介词依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定:I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.介词+关系代词（which/whom）的用法练习1：1.Shehaswrittenmanynovels，someof

areinteresting.2.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,of

Tomisthemostdiligent.3.Iwillalwaysrememberthedays

whichIlivedwithmygrandparentsinthecountryside.4.Ihaveanewbook，thecoverof

isverynice.5.Theman

whomyouspokeismyuncle.6.Thebook

whichIborrowedtheideaisveryuseful.7.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,

whosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.8.Ican’tbelievethattherestaurant,

whichIhaveeatensuchwonderfulmeal,isgoingtobeclosedown.whichduringwithoutwhomfromwhichtoat只用that的情况

1.先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,theone等，或被不定代词修饰时。（注意：若先行词为someone,anyone,one等时,关系词只能用who。）①Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.②Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2.先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。①Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.②ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,all等修饰时。Theonlythingthatmattersistofindourwayhome.4.先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatthey'veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that,inwhich或省略。①Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)helooksatme.②Thewaythathesolvedtheproblemwasclever.只用which的情况

典型场合典型示例1.引导非限定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，有逗号。Ourfootballteamwonthefinal,whichmadeusexcited.我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。2.用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如inwhich,bothofwhich等。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。3.关系代词后有插入语时。ThefilmNeZha2,directedbyYangYu,whichbecameahitrecently,hasbrokentheboxofficerecordssinceitsdebut.定语从句中的主谓一致

1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。Therecorderthat

（has/have)beengiventomeishomemade.2.“oneof＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、theonly、thevery等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。Heisoneofthestudentswho

（has/have)

madegreatprogress.Heistheonlyoneof

thestudentswho

（has/have)madegreatprogress.关系代词和关系副词先行词表地点或时间时，需判断从句中缺少的成分是宾语还是状语。①Thisisthefactorywhereweworked.②Thisisthefactorythatwevisited.注意从句中成分的完整性和逻辑关系Thescientistwhosediscoverychangedtheworldisgivingalecture.从句句子完整，scientist和discovery是所属关系。注意特殊先行词介词依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定:①Thewaythathewalkedwasstrange.②Peoplewhodon’tsmokehavebetterhealthcondition.易错点梳理练习：1.YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark-2.2millionacres-untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,______becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.2.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,_________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.3.Thecolorshechosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawoman________haircolorlookedjustperfect.4.Kennystillrememberstheclassdiscussion________theteacheraskedstudentstosharewhattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.5.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe(探测器),Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.whichwhosewherewherewhere练习：5.Unlikecontentious(有争议的)hearingswithothertechCEOs,lawmakers“appearedinalisteningmood”withAltman,______companydevelopedthebreakthroughAIchatbotChatGPT.6.WhereveryougoinXinjiang,whetherthenorthorsouthoftheTianshanMountains,you’llnoticesmallstands_____somecrispyanddeliciousnangissold.7.IthasbecomeaculturallandmarkoftheYellowRiverBasin______visitorscanviewtheriverpassingthroughthecityandwatchexhibitionsshowingitslonghistory’anddiversecultures.8.IthasbecomeaculturallandmarkoftheYellowRiverBasin__________visitorscanviewtheriverpassingthroughthecityandwatchexhibitionsshowingitslonghistory’anddiversecultures.9.Therearemanyfeaturestheappoffers,andmyfavoriteisthebirdsonglisteningfeature,_______youcanturnonyourphone’smicrophoneandhearrecordeddiversebirdsongs.which/thatwhosewherewherewhere练习：10.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_______weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.11.ThecenterwaslaunchedinJuneonZhenxingRoadtohelprelievethepressureonmanyofthoserunningits435streetstalls,manyof______aremigrantworkersfromaroundthecountrywithoutlocalrelativestohelptakecareoftheirchildren.12.Therearemanydifferenttypesofquyi-performanceinChina,suchascomicdialogues,degu,pingshuandshuanghuang,among______thecrosstalkismostpopular.13.ThePrints-ARiotofColors(版画--缤纷的色彩),anexhibitionfeaturingsome130printscreatedbygenerationsofChineseartists,theoldestoneof______datesbacktothe1930s,openedonMondayattheGuardianArtCenterinBeijing.14.AsasymbolicfoodinChongqing,itreflectsthatpeopletherehavethesenseofintegrity(正直)andembracethediversifiedculture.Almosteverything_____iseatablecanbecookedinhotpot,soeatinghotpotisamustwhenyoucometoChongqing!whichwhichwhichthatwhom04定语从句与其他句型的区别定语从句与其他句型的区别(一)定语从句与并列句的区别两个句子之间若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。1.Shehaswrittenmanynovels，someof

areinteresting.2.Shehaswrittenmanynovels，andsomeof

areinteresting.(二)定语从句与独立主格结构的区别定语从句有谓语动词，所以需要引导词，而独立主格结构不是句子，没有谓语动词，所以不需要再填引导词。1.Shehascollectedmanyoldstamps，mostof

areworththousandsofdollars.2.Shehascollectedmanyoldstamps，mostof

worththousandsofdollars.whichthemwhichthem(三)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。1.Weyoungpeopleshouldgototheplace

isinneedofhelp.2.Weyoungpeopleshouldgo

we’remostneeded.3.Standup

youfelldown.(四)定语从句与时间状语从句的区别定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。1.Iwillalwaysrememberthedays

Ilivedwithmygrandparentsinthecountryside.2.Ialwaysrememberthedaysinthecountryside

Iseethephotoofmygrandparents.which/thatwherewherewhenwhen(五)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别在thesame...as...与such...as...结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。1.Thisissuchaninterestingworkofart

allofuslike.2.Thisissuchaninterestingworkofart

allofuslikeit.(六)定语从句与主语从句的区别定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。1.

isknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.2.

isknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.3.

isknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.asthatAsItWhat(七)定语从句与强调句型的区别强调句的结构为“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，Itis/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。1.ItwasonthemorningofMay1st

ImetLiangWeiattheairport.2.Itisthefactory

MrWangworksfor.3.Itisthefactory

MrWangworks.(八)定语从句和同位语从句的区别1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句用来解释说明该名词的具体内容，它们是同位关系；同位语从句中的名词通常为抽象的概念性名词，如：thought,belief,doubt,fact,hope,idea,news,possibility,promise,suggestion,decision,order,proposal,recommendation,request,circumstance,condition,nature等。that/whichthatwhereThe

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（定语从句）

The

fact

that

he

has

already

died

is

quite

clear.

（同位语从句）

2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that

引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,

when,

how,

who,

whether,

what

等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分且有意义。The

news

that

he

told

me

is

true.

（定语从句）

The

news

that

he

has

just

died

is

true.

（同位语从句）

The

problem

that

we

are

facing

now

is

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money.

The

problem

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money

is

difficult

to

solve.The

question

that

he

raised

puzzled

all

of

us.

The

question

whether

he

is

sure

to

win

the

game

is

hard

to

answer.

定语从句同位语从句定语从句同位语从句1.Itwasnotuntilmidnight______hefinishedthereport,______hehadbeenworkingonforthreedays.2.Thefact______heapologizedsincerelymademebelieve______hewastrulyregretful.3.______surprisedeveryonewas______thelittleboysolvedthecomplexproblemalone.4.Thequestion________weshouldaccepttheofferisstillunderdiscussion.5.Itwasinthelab______theprofessormadethediscovery______changedmodernmedicine.6.Theboyhidbehindthedoor______heheardhisfather’sfootsteps.whenthatwhichthatthatWhatthatwhetherthatwhichwhen1.Itwasnotuntilmidnight______hefinishedthereport,______hehadbeenworkingonforthreedays.2.Thefact______heapologizedsincerelymademebelieve______hewastrulyregretful.3.______surprisedeveryonewas______thelittleboysolvedthecomplexproblemalone.4.Thequestion________weshouldaccepttheofferisstillunderdiscussion.5.Itwasinthelab______theprofessormadethediscovery______changedmodernmedicine.6.Theboyhidbehindthedoor______heheardhisfather’sfootsteps.whenthatwhichthatthatWhatthatwhetherthatwhichwhen05定语从句在写作中的应用Attributiveclausesinthemodelessay你班五月一日到附近社区开展了一次志愿活动，请你以“AMeaningfulActivity”给校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.活动介绍；2.收获感受；3.避免单词重复和句式单一2.补充细节，丰富文章内容1.增加词数写作中定语从句的主要作用2.MyuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitywhereyoulivetoattendaninternationalmeeting.1.MyuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitytoattendaninternationalmeeting.Youliveinthecity.√I’vereadthenewspaper.Itcarriestheimportantnews.I’vereadthenewspapercarriestheimportantnews..Itwhich/thatStep1找出这两个简单句中都出现的同一个事物。Step2将其中一个简单句改成从句，去修饰另外一个句子中那个相同的事物（注意关系词的选用）如何写出定语从句练习：将以下两个简单句转换为一个定语从句Thehousefacessouth.I’mgoingtobuythehouse.

Thehousewhich/thatI’mgoingtobuyfacessouth.2.Mr.Lihastwodaughters.Bothofthemareteachers.

Mr.Lihastwodaughters,bothofwhomareteachers.3.Tomwaslate.ItmadeMr.Zhangveryangry.

Tomwaslate,whichmadeMr.Zhangveryangry.介绍型语句,可借助

which、who、whom、that进行合并定语从句翻译练习1.我是李华，一位来自中国的中学生，年龄18岁，精通英语，多次在英语比赛中获奖。I’mLiHua,an18-year-oldmiddleschoolstudentfromChina,whohasagoodcommandofEnglishandhaswonanumberofprizesinEnglishcontest.2.其他人陪伴老人，老人们给学生讲述了他们的生活经历。Othersaccompaniedelderlypeople,whotoldstudentstheirlife

experiences.3.想去博物馆的人必须在明天早上7点到学校门口集合。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.4.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.5.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.6.你正在等的那位教授已经来了。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.7.足球是大多数男孩喜欢的一项运动。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.8.他喜欢读伟大的唐朝诗人李白写的诗。HelikestoreadpoemswhichwerewrittenbyLiBai,agreatpoetfromTangdynasty.9.世界上似乎没有什么事对他来说是不可能的。Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.10.任何有责任感的人都会做这样的事。

Anyonewhohasasenseofdutywilldosuchathing.11.Growing

Together这部电影主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在校报告厅放映。ThemovieGrowing

together，whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool，