《英语修辞学》课件 1 Figures of Similarity

EnglishRhetoric英语修辞学AestheticRhetoric美学修辞FiguresofSpeech修辞格FiguresofSimilarity相似修辞学I.FiguresofSimilarity1.Simile2.Metaphor3.Personification4.Analogy1.Simile明喻

Simile:fromLatinsimilis,meaningsimilar.Itmakesacomparison,butisdifferentfromanordinary,literalcomparison.1.Simile明喻Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements

havingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.1.SimileAislike

B.（AandBaretwodifferentelements.）A---tenor本体B---vehicle喻体Like:afunctionword1.SimileTomakethecomparison,wordslike

as,as…so…,like,asif,asthough,seem,justas,similarto,suchas…areusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.1.ExamplesofSimiles1)Myheartis

like

asingingbird.2)Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.3)Lifeislike

acandle.Why?Whatis/aretheassociation(s)?1.SimileBecauseitbeginsandendsindarkness;becausewhileitburns,itgivesofflightandenergy,activeandcolorful;becauseitgraduallyconsumesitself,andgetsshorterandshorter.1.Simile4)

Asrusteatsiron,socareeatsheart.(proverb)锈能蚀铁，犹如忧能伤人。5)Thestreetsseemedas

quiet

as

graveyard.6)Youareashungry

asawolf.1.Simile7)TheshapeofChinaislikearooster.8)HewasabeautifulhorsethatlookedasthoughhehadcomeoutofapaintingbyVelasquez.(ErnestHemingway:ForWhomTheBellTolls)他看起来仿佛是一匹从维拉斯奎茨的一幅油画里跑出来俊马。1.Simile

SimilesarewidelyusedintheEnglishLanguage,esp.inliteraryworks.ModernEnglishusesmanyshortcompositionsinordertomakeexpressionsclearandvivid.

1.SimileInEnglishthereisanabundanceoffixedcomparisons,whichhavebecomeidioms.Mostofthemareusedwithadjectivesandfollowthepattern“as+adj.+as+noun”.Idiomsofcomparisons:“as+adj.+as+noun”：1)asblindasabat目光如豆（完全看不见）2)ascoolascucumber泰然自若3)ascoldasamarble冷若冰霜Idiomsofcomparisons:4)asbusyasabee忙忙碌碌5)asfirmasarock坚如磐石6)aslightasafeather轻如鸿毛Idiomsofcomparisons7)asmuteasanoyster/mouse(outoffear）噤若寒蝉asmuteasfish默不作声8)asstrongasahorse

健壮如牛Idiomsofcomparisons9)ashappyasalark/acow/aking快乐无比10)asblackascoal/ink(ofsth.verydirty)黑如煤Idiomsofcomparisons11)asboldasbrass(ofaparsonimpudent)厚颜无耻12)ascoldascharity/afrog/astone(ofapersonshowingnoemotion)冷若冰霜Idiomsofthepattern“as+adj.+as+noun”13)asfatasbutter(veryfat,complimentary)珠圆玉润

asfatasapig(veryfat,derogatory)14)asfierceasatiger(ofaperson,verycruel)凶猛如虎Idiomsofcomparisons15)asfitasafiddle/flea(veryhealthy)16)asgoodasgold(infml,ofchildrenverywell-behaved)17)asfreeastheair/abird/thewind(ofveryfree)Idiomsofcomparisons18)asgreedyasawolf/apig/adog(ofaperson:eatingmorethanitneeds)19)aspaleasaghost/death(ofthecolorofone’sface,usu.becauseofshock/illness)Idiomsofcomparisons20)asplainasthenoseonyourface(veryeasytosee)21)aspoorasachurchmouse(verypoor)一贫如洗22)asproudasapeacock(veryproud)Idiomsofcomparisons23)asquickasaflash/lightening快如闪电24)asquietasthegrave死气沉沉asquietasalamb/mouse默不作声25)asredasblood/acherry/aroseIdiomsofcomparisons26)asroundasabarrel/aball/aglobe/anapple27)assharpasarazor/aneedle28)assilentasthegrave/thedeath死气沉沉Idiomsofcomparisons29)assillyasagoose/asheep30)asslipperyasaneel(ofaperson:sly,cunning滑头)31)assmoothasavelvet32)assmoothasbutter/oilIdiomsofcomparisons33)assoberasajudge(ofaperson,solemn,notdrunk)34)assoftasbutter/wax35)assoundasabell(ofaperson:healthy;ofathing:ingoodcondition)Idiomsofcomparisons36)assourasvinegar37)assteadyasarock/stone38)assureaseggsareeggs=assureasonelives.(certainly)39)astimidasarabbit

Idiomsofcomparisons40)astoughasleather(usedofathing,oftenfoodwhichisdifficulttocutorchew;alsousedofapersonwhoisphysicallystrong)astoughasnails(ofapersonwithastrongwill)Idiomsofcomparisons41)astrickyasamonkey(ofapersonveryclever,crafty)42)astrueassteel(ofaperson:veryloyal,reliable)Idiomsofcomparisons43)asuglyasscarecrow(ofaperson:veryugly)44)asvainasapeacock(ofapersonveryvain)Idiomsofcomparisons45)aswarmastoast(ofperson,ortheairinside:verywarm)46)aswatchfulasahawk(ofperson:verywatchful)47)aswelcomeasflowersinMay(verywelcome)Idiomsofcomparisons48)aswell-knownasPaul’s(notorious)49)aswetasadrownedrat50)aswhiteassnow/sheet51)aswiseasanowl52)asfastasacheetahMoreformsofSimiles1.虚拟句型：用asif或asthough作比喻词

1)Hespeaksasiftherewereafroginhisthroat.2)Itwas/seemedasthoughasackofgrainwassupportedbyamatchbox.MoreformsofSimiles2.and型（这是一种特殊的明语句，常用于英语谚语，其中and的作用相当于like.）e.g.1）Awordandastoneletgocannotberecalled.说出的话犹如抛出的石头难以收回。MoreformsofSimiles2)Loveandcoughcannotbehid.恋爱如同咳嗽，难逃他人耳目。3)Truthandroseshavethornsaboutthem.真理如玫瑰，全身都带刺。4）Mindandmachinewillberustedifitisnotused.大脑犹如机器，如果不用，就会生锈。MoreformsofSimiles3.动词型：A---tenor本体，B---vehicle喻体1)compareAtoB2)treatAasB3)regardAasBMoreformsofSimiles4)considerAasB5)serveAasB6)honorAasB7)respectAasBMoreformsofSimilesExamples:(1)Icomparemygeniustolighteningflash.(2)Hetreatshisdaughterastheappleintheeye.(3)Heconsidershisdictionaryashisteacher.(4)WeregardtheYellowRiverasourMotherRiver.MoreformsofSimiles5)Heservedourcountryasawillinghorse.6)Hehonoredthedictionaryashisbestteacher.7)Herespectedthedogashisbestfriend.Moreexamples1.Agoodbookislikeagoodfriend.2.Amanofwordsandnotofdeedsislikeagardenfullofweeds.光说空话不做事，犹如花园光长刺。3.Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.Moreexamples4.Thefriendshipbetweengentlemenappearsindifferentbutispurelikewater;thefriendshipbetweenmeanmenisassweetaswine.君子之交淡如水，小人之交甘如醇。5.Likeadropofwaterfromthepointofaneedledisappearingintotheocean,mydaysaredrippingintothestreamoftime,soundless,traceless.Moreexamples6)Withoutscienceandtechnology,toharnessnatureisashardastoletanelephant/camelgothroughaneyeofaneedle.没有科技，要想征服自然，犹如让大象/骆驼过针眼。AssignmentWriteatleast5sentencesinwhichsimilesareused.EnglishRhetoricFiguresofSimilarityI.FiguresofSimilarity1.Simile2.Metaphor3.Personification4.Analogy2.Metaphor:Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.

Nofunctionwordsareused.2.Metaphor:condensedsimileAmetaphorcanbemadeofaword,

aphrase,oraclause.Andawordcanbeanoun/verb/adjective.Ametaphorisinasenseacondensedsimile.2.Metaphor1)Metaphor

bymeans

ofNouns:

AisB.i.e.Thetenoristhevehicle.1)Metaphorbymeans

ofNouns:(1)Heisafox.(2)Theworldisastage,andallmenandwomenmerelyplayers.(3)Moneyisabottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowned.(4)Timeismoney.(5)Lifeisajourney.1)Metaphorbymeans

ofNouns:AisBof(tenorisvehicleof...)e.g.:(1)Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(2)Povertyisthemotherofcrime.(3)Necessitythemotherofinvention.1)Metaphorbymeans

ofNouns:(4)Itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofdoubtfulness;Continueditwastheseasonoflight,itwastheseasonofdarkness;itwasthespringofHope,itwasthewinterofDespair.---CharlesDickens:

ATaleofTwoCities

Metaphor,antithesis,

contrast这是智慧的年代，这是愚蠢的年代；这是信仰的时期，这是怀疑的时期；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望之春，这是失望之冬。2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(1)Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.-----FrancisBacon

Bacon’ssaying有些书浅尝辄止，另一些书却要囫囵吞下，只有少数的书值得咀嚼和消化。2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(2)Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theking’sEnglishslipsandslides

inconversation.------HenryFairlie2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(2)Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theking’sEnglishslipsandslides

inconversation.---HenryFairlie即使是受教育程度最高、文化程度最高的人，在谈话中也不会讲标准英语。2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(3)…whilesitcomsclonedandcannedinHollywood,andtheJonnyCarsonshowlive,preempttheairwaysfromCalifornia.---TakenfromLovingandHatingNewYork2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(3)…whilesitcomsclonedandcannedinHollywood,andtheJonnyCarsonshowlive,preempttheairwaysfromCalifornia.---TakenfromLovingandHatingNewYork而在好莱坞克隆和录制的情景喜剧，以及乔尼·卡森的现场表演，抢占了加州的航空公司。

2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:

(4)MycasewouldsnowballintooneofmosttrialsintheU.S.history.---from“TheTrialThatRockedtheWorld”2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(4)MycasewouldsnowballintooneofmosttrialsintheU.S.history.---from“TheTrialThatRockedtheWorld”我的案子会像滚雪球一样成为美国历史上最著名的审判之一。2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(5)Wecanbattendownandridethehurricaneout.2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(5)Wecanbattendownandridethehurricaneout.我们可以做好准备，严阵以待，安然度过飓风。2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(6)Theelectricityfailureparalyzedthetrainservice.2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(6)Theelectricityfailureparalyzedthetrainservice.停电使火车服务瘫痪。2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(7)Herhostilitymelted.她的敌意消除了。2)MetaphorbymeansofVerbs:(8)Hereyesboredintohim.她的眼睛盯着他看。（犹如钻孔一样）3)Metaphor

bymeansof

Adjectives:

(1)Thecountryisblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar.3)Metaphor

bymeansof

Adjectives:

(1)Thecountryisblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar.除了美元的闪光和光环，这个国家对一切都视而不见。3)Metaphor

bymeansof

Adjectives:(2)Hehasaburningpassion.(燃烧的激情)(3)Thereisacrystal

stream.(水晶般清澈的小溪)(4)Itisagoldenopportunity.(黄金机会、绝佳机会)3)Metaphor

bymeansof

Adjectives:(5)Itisapiercingwind.(刺骨的寒风)(6)Itisalameexcuse.(站不住脚的借口)(7)Hehasastonyheart.(铁石心肠)3)Metaphor

bymeansof

Adjectives:(8)Shehasarosycomplexion.(玫瑰般的面容)(9)Booksareever-burning

lamps.(永不熄灭的灯/长明灯）(10)Hehasabreezing

smile.(微风般的微笑)3)Metaphor

bymeansof

Adjectives:(11)Hehasthemicrowavesmilethatwarmsanotherpersonwithoutheat.他有一种微波式的微笑，不加热就能使人温暖。4)Metaphor

bymeansofAdverbs(1)Thehurricanemercilesslydestroyedeverythingasitsweptalong.飓风无情地摧毁了一切。4)Metaphor

bymeansofAdverbs(2)Ontheirdeepsidestheyarethree,fourandevenfivestorieshigh;ontheirlowsidestheyburythemselvesswinishlyinthemud.4)Metaphor

bymeansofAdverbs(2)Ontheirdeepsidestheyarethree,fourandevenfivestorieshigh;ontheirlowsidestheyburythemselvesswinishlyinthemud.在深处，它们有三层、四层甚至五层楼高；在低处，他们像猪一样厚颜无耻地把自己埋在泥里。5)Metaphorbymeansofprepositionalphrases(1)Thefactthattheirmarriagesmaybeontherock,ortheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenoreventhattheygotoutofbedonthewrongsideissimplynotaconcern.5)Metaphorbymeansofprepositionalphrases(1)Thefactthattheirmarriagesmaybeontherock,ortheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenoreventhattheygotoutofbedonthewrongsideissimplynotaconcern.事实上，他们的婚姻可能岌岌可危，或者他们的爱情破裂，甚至他们起床时心情不好，这根本不是令他们担忧的问题。5)Metaphorbymeansofprepositionalphrases(2)Theconversationisonwings.

会话像插上翅膀，转换着不同的话题。6)Otherkindsofmetaphorsa)Idiomaticorproverbialmetaphor:ametaphorwhichcontainsanidiomorproverb.a.Metaphorsinidiomsandproverbs(1)birdsofafeather(同一种羽毛的鸟)

一丘之貉；(2)aratinahole(洞中之鼠)

翁中之鳖；(3)todrawwaterinasieve(筛子打水）竹篮打水一场空；a.Metaphorsinidiomsandproverbs

(4)tofishintheair(空中捕鱼)

水中捞月(5)tocryupawineandsellvinegar(叫酒卖醋)

挂羊头，卖狗肉。(6)tosqueezewateroutofastone(石头里挤水)沙子里榨油a.Metaphorsinidiomsandproverbs(7)toputallone’seggsinonebasket(把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里)孤注一掷(8)tolookforaneedleinahaystack.(稻草堆里找针）大海里捞针(9)tokilltwobirdswithonestone（一石二鸟）

一箭双雕a.Metaphorsinidiomsandproverbs(10)Thepotcallsthekettleblack.(锅笑水壶黑)乌鸦笑黑猪。(11)Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.(无火不生烟)无风不起浪。(12)Justicehaslongarms.(正义有长臂)

天网恢恢，疏而不漏。a.Metaphorsinidiomsandproverbs(13)

Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.（住在玻璃房的人不要乱扔石头）自身处境脆弱，就别攻击他人。b.Condensedmetaphorisaspecialcomparisonbetweentenorandvehicle,inwhichthevehiclebecomesaheadwordwhilethetenorservesasamodifier,formingaphrase.

b.Condensedmetaphor:Inshort,inacondensedmetaphor,thetenorisusedtomodifythevehicle.E.g.1)Itisavast,sombercavern

ofaroom.(Theroomisavast,sombercavern.)b.Condensedmetaphor

BofA(thevehicleofthetenor:thevehicleisthetenor)e.g.:(1)thefoolofapoliceman(Thepolicemanisafool.)(2)anangelofagirl(Thegirlisanangel)(3)thejungleofads(Adsarelikethejungle).b.Condensedmetaphor

(1)anangelofawoman(2)acavernofroom(3)afireofpassion

(4)aflashofwitb.Condensedmetaphor(5)aflightoffancy(6)agleamofdelight(7)aglimpseoftruth(8)theghostofasmile

b.Condensedmetaphor

(9)TheGrapesofWrath(10)ajungleofsuspicion(11)mountainsofwaves(12)thepainofseparation(13)arayofhope

b.Condensedmetaphor

(14)thespurofambition(15)astormofapplause

(16)atorrentofeloquence(17)thewallofignorance(18)thewreckofhishopesc.Alphabeticmetaphorametaphorinwhichaletterofalphabetservesasvehicle.E.g.I-barO-circleT-shirt

c.AlphabeticmetaphorS-roadwayV-neckV-shapedgatewayU-shapedmagnetd.Mixedmetaphor

Mixedmetaphor:thethoughtlessuseofmorethanonemetaphorinacontext,whichcanproduceaspecialeffect.Examplesformixedmetaphor(1)Thecharmofconversationisthatitdoesnotreallystartfromanywhere,andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.--HenryFairlie:PubTalkandtheKing’sEnglish.MoreexamplesofMetaphor(1)Lifeisadream.(2)Loveisaringwithoutthebeginningandtheend.(3)Marketisabattlefield.MoreexamplesofMetaphor(4)Globalizationisadouble-edgedswordtoallthecountries.(5)Familyisaharboroflife.(6)Experienceisabetterteacher.(7)Habitiscable.Everydayweweaveathread,andsoonwecan’tbreakit.Assignment1.Writeatleast5sentencesinwhichmetaphorsareused.2.Illustratethedifferencebetweensimileandmetaphor.EnglishRhetoric英语修辞学AestheticRhetoric美学修辞FiguresofSpeech英语修辞格FiguresofSimilarity相似修辞学I.FiguresofSimilarity1.Simile2.Metaphor3.Analogy4.PersonificationAnalogy类推1.DefinitionofAnalogy

Analogyisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyconcentrateononepointofresemblance,1.DefinitionofAnalogyanalogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualities,orpointsofresemblance.2.ThefunctionofAnalogy

Thefunctionofanalogydiffersfromthatofsimileormetaphor.Whilethelatterfiguresservetoheighteneffectwithvividimagery,2.ThefunctionofAnalogyAnalogyischieflyusedforthepurposeofpersuasionorfortheexplanationorexpositionofanidea.2.ThefunctionofAnalogy

Analogiesarenotlogical,butemotional.Analogyistherealmoftherhetoricofassociationinpersuasion.Itisacomparisonbetweentwounlikethings.e.g.:Corruptionandcancerarelike.2.ThefunctionofAnalogyAnalogy:Corruptionislikecancer.Agreedphenomenon:Cancermustbecutoutruthlessly.Conclusion:Corruptionmustbecutoutruthlessly.Sentence:Corruptionistoasocietywhatcanceristoabody.2.ThefunctionofAnalogyAnalogy

Theanalogycanbedevelopedthroughasmanyparallelsimilaritiesasthewritercanthinkof,toconvincethereaderthatthethingsarealikeinsomanyrespects,soaconclusiondrawnfromonethingsuggestsasimilarconclusionfromtheotherthing.2.ThefunctionofAnalogy

Analogy

pointsoutalargenumberofsimilaritiesbetweenthetwounlikes.

Themorepointsofsimilarity,thestrongertheanalogy.e.g.:Readingistomindwhatfoodistothebody.3.Analogyisusuallyconstructedinthefollowingpatterns:1)AistoBwhatCistoD.=WhatCistoD,AistoB.

(1)Foodistomanwhatfuelistoengine.(2)Theairistomanwhatwateristofish.(3)Booksaretomankindwhatmemoryistotheindividual.3.PatternsofAnalogy2)AtoBisasCtoD.=AistoBasCistoD.(1)Foodtomanisasfueltoengine.(2)Threeistooneasnineistothree.3.PatternsofAnalogy3)(Just)asAistoB,(so)CistoD.=AsAdoesB,soCdoesD.=JustasAdidB,soCdidDe.g.:(1)Justasdarkcloudscannotlonghidethesun,(so)noliescancoverupfacts.3.PatternsofAnalogy(2)JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory.4)IfAwereB,CwouldbeD.e.g.Iflovewerewhattheroseis,Iwouldbeliketheleaf.3.PatternsofAnalogy5)AistoBthesamewayasCistoD.e.g.:Youthsaretoasocietythesamewayasnewcellsaretoabody.

4.ExercisesforAnalogy

PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese1).Whatsculptureistotheblockofmarble,

educationistothesoul.=Educationistothesoulwhatsculptureistotheblockofmarble.教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese2)Thechess-boardistheworld;

thepiecesarethephenomenaoftheuniverse;therulesofgamearewhatwecallthelawofNature.棋盘犹如世界，棋子如世界上的各种现象，而下棋的规则则如自然规律。4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese3)JustastheIndustrialRevolutiontookoveranimmenserangeoftasksfrommen’smusclesandenormouslyexpandedproductivity,sothemicrocomputerisrapidlyassuminghugeburdensofdullworkfromhumanbrainandtherebyexpandingthemind’scapacitiesinwaysthatmanhasonlybeguntograsp.4.Translation

oftheAnalogy翻译：正如工业革命把人从大量繁重的体力劳动中解放出来，而且极大地扩大了生产力，电脑速猛地把人从许多乏味的脑力劳动中解放出来，而且扩大了人们刚刚开始掌握的人脑的容量。4.PutthefollowingsentencesofAnalogyintoChinese4)Theskyistobirdswhattheseaistofish.天空对于鸟儿犹如大海对于鱼儿。5)Pensaretowriterswhatweaponsaretosoldiers.笔对于作家犹如武器对于战兵。5.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish,usingAnalogy

1)马克思对社会发展的贡献犹如达尔文对生物学发展的贡献一样。MarxdidforthedevelopmentofsocietywhatDarwindidforthedevelopmentofbiology.Or:Justas…,so…;5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy

2)文化多样性之于人类社会，犹如生物多样性之于自然界一样。Thediversitiesofculturesaretothehumansocietywhat/thesamewayasthevarietiesofcreaturesaretonature.Or:Justas…,so….5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy3)葡萄酒对于法国人犹如啤酒对于英国人。WineistoFrenchpeoplewhatbeeristoBritishpeople.Or:As…,so….5.Translatethefollowing,usingAnalogy4)青年之于社会犹如新鲜细胞之于人体。Youthsaretoasocietywhatnewcellsaretoabody.Moreexamplesforappreciation1.Asthetreewillturngreeninspring,soourdreamwillcometrueinthefuture.

2.Asthelionisthekingofbeasts,soistheeaglethekingofbirds/sotheeagleisthekingofbirds.Moreexamplesappreciation3.Asthechildhoodshowstheman,somorningshowstheday.4.Asbloodvesselsaretoaman'sbody,sorailwayistotransportation.=Thatbloodvesselsaretoaman'sbodyissuchsorailwayistotransportation.Moreexamplesappreciation5.Asthemedicinehealsthewounds,sotimehealsheartbreak.6.Asemptyvesselsmaketheloudestsound,sothosewhohavetheleastwitarethegreatestbabblers.Moreexamplesappreciation7.

Aslungsaretotheanimals,soleavesaretotheplants.8.Shellsweretoancientculturesasdollarbillsaretomoderncultures.6.IsAnalogyusedinthefollowing?1.Asyousow,soyoureap.2.DavidBeckham,ofEngland’sManchesterUnited,isaherotoEuropeansinthesamewayasMichaelJordanistoAmericans.AssignmentWriteorcollectsomesentencesinwhichanalogyisused.EnglishRhetoric英语修辞学AestheticRhetoric美学修辞FiguresofSpeech英语修辞格FiguresofSimilarity相似修辞学I.FiguresofSimilarity1.Simile2.Metaphor3.

Analogy4.PersonificationPersonification拟人4.Personification4.DefinitionofPersonification:Personificationisafigureofspeechthatgiveshumanformorfeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributestoinanimateobjects,ortoideaandabstractions.

4.PersonificationPersonificationcanbeexpressedbymeansofnouns,pronouns,adjectivesorverbs.4.Personification1)Nouns(Personificationbymeansofnouns)(1)Spring,thesweetspring,istheyear’spleasantking.(2)Hecouldevenhearthewhisperofleaves.4.Personification2)

Pronouns

(Personificationbymeansofpronouns)(1)Englandhasdonewhatshepromisedtodo.(2)Deathwillcomewhenheisleastexpected.4.Personification3)Adjectives(Personificationbymeansofadjectives)(1)Unfriendly

lamplighthidunderitsshape.(2)Thehungry

flamestearupthebuildingsfasterthananythingI’veseen.饥饿的火焰以我见过的最快的速度烧毁房屋。

4.Personification(3)Ireallylikethatblushing

rose.(含羞的玫瑰)(4)Theysawa

smilingvalleyinautumn.(5)Thehouseswerecold,closedandunfriendly.4.Personification4)Verbs(Personificationbymeansofverbs)(1)Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.(2)Smartriddle:Whatdidonemountainsaytotheother?

Let’smeetinthevalley.4.Personification(3)Bitternessfedonthemanwhomadetheworldlaugh.4.Personification(4)