《英语修辞学》课件 5-7. Metonymy 借代 Synecdche,Antonomasia

EnglishRhetoricFiguresofRelationshipFiguresofRelationship

5.

Metonymy借代，转喻，换喻6.Synecdoche

借代，举隅法

7.Antonomasia

借代，提喻5.Metonymy借代，转喻，换喻

Definition:(SeeP095)Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.

ContinuedThissubstitutednamemaybean

attributeofthatotherthingorbecloselyassociatedwithit.Inotherwords,itinvolvesa“changeofname,”thesubstitutednamesuggestingthethingmeant.5.Metonymy

Metonymy

canbederivedfromvarioussources----fromnamesofpersons,fromanimals,professions,locationsorplacenames,etc.,asillustratedbelow:A.Namesofpersons1)JohnBull:England,ortheEnglishpeople2)UncleSam:TheUnitedStatesofAmerica3)Ivan:theRussianpeople4)JohnDoe:ordinaryAmericancitizenB.Animals1)BritishLion:EnglandortheEnglishgovernment2)theBear:RussiaortheformerSovietUnion3)S.E.Asiantigers:economicallysuccessfulnationsorregionsinS.E.Asia4)Chinesedragon:ChinaC.Partsofthebody1)

heart:feelingsoremotionse.g.:hurtone’sheart2)head,brain:wisdom,intelligence,reasone.g.:Herheartruledherhead.3)grayhair:oldagee.g.:Grayhairsshouldberespected.D.Professions1)thebar:thelegalprofessionHehasbeencalledtothebar.

他取得律师资格。2)thebench:positionofjudgeormagistrateHehasbeenappointedtothebench.D.Professions3)theveil:vocationofanunShetooktheveilat20.4)thepress:newspaper;newspaperreportersHeismeetingthepressthismorning.5)themedia:thecommunicationsindustry(TV,radio,etc.)E.

Locations

ofgovernment,ofbusinessorindustrialenterprises1)DowningStreet:theBritishgovernmentorcabinet2)TheWhiteHouse:thePresidentorExecutivebranchoftheU.S.government3)CapitolHill:thelegislativebranchoftheU.S.governmentE.

Locationsofgovernment,ofbusinessorindustrialenterprises4)

thePentagon（五角大楼）:theU.S.militaryestablishment5)Kremlin（克林姆林宫）:thegovernmentofRussia6)FleetStreet（舰队街）:theBritishpress7)WallStreet（华尔街）:U.S.financialcirclesE.

Locations

ofgovernment,ofbusinessorindustrialenterprises8)MadisonAvenue（麦迪逊大街）:Americanadvertisingindustry9)

Hollywood（好莱坞）:Americanfilm-makingindustry10)FoggyBottom（雾谷

;

美国国务院）:U.S.StateDepartmentE.

Locationsofgovernment,ofbusinessorindustrialenterprises11)SiliconValley（硅谷）:centerofcomputer/electronicsindustry(TheoriginalSVisinCalifornia,U.S.)12)ScotlandYard（伦敦警察厅，尤指其刑侦处)13）WestPoint（西点军校）:militarytrainingcenterinU.S.A.F.OthersourcesofmetonymyP.0981)Afeatureforthepersonorthingthathasthefuture;2)Athingforthepersonwhohasorisconcernedwiththething;3)Theconcretefortheabstract,orviceversa.F.OthersourcesofmetonymyAdditionalexamplesG.Theconcretefortheabstract(具体代抽象),viceversa1)Pennywise,poundfoolish.(Penny:atinything;pound:somethingImportant）小事聪明，大事糊涂。2)Pardoningthebadisinjuringthegood.

宽容坏人就是伤害好人。3)Alightpursemakesaheavyheart.

钱夹轻，心情重。G.Theconcretefortheabstract(具体代抽象),viceversa4)Giveeverymanthineears,butfewthyvoice.5)…withGod’shelp,wehaveridtheearthofhisshadowandliberateitspeoplefromhisyoke.H.Thetoolfortheaction1)Thepenismightierthanthesword.2)Forearningmoney,hispenisbetterthanhispickle.6.Synecdoche

借代，举隅法，提喻Synecdoche:(SeeP.099)involvesthesubstitutionof

thepart

forthe

whole,orthewholeforthepart.

A.Thepartforthewhole1)hand:a)memberofaship’screwe.g.:allhandsondeck.b)worker,laborer,helperTheywereshortofhandsatharvesttime.Allhandsreporttotheoffice.Weneed40handstofinishthework.A.Thepartforthewhole2)head:person(1)Hepaidtheworkers$5perhead.(2)Two

headsarebetterthanone.一人不及二人智。3)

heart:bravefellowyetthereweresomestoutheartswhoattemptedresistance.A.Thepartforthewhole4)legs:(coll.)persononfoot;theinfantry

Thelegscouldhardlykeepupwiththetanks.5)Theywereboundinirondayandnight.(thewholeday)6)Heisaveteransoldierofthirtywinters.(30years)A.Thepartforthewhole7)bread:food,esp.staplefoodTheysaythereisbreadandworkforall.Andthesunshinesalwaysthere:ButI’llnotforgetoldIreland,Wereitfiftytimesasfair.----HelenS.BlackwoodB.Thewholeforthepart1)Nameofcountryforgroupofpeopleofthatcountry:e.g.:AustraliabeatCanada

atcricket.B.Thewholeforthepart2)Vehicleforengine,machineformechanismofmachineitself,etc.(1)Thecarconkedout/brokeout.(2)Theplane’sflamedout!(3)Theradioisoutoforder.B.Thewholeforthepart3)PersonforpartofhisbodyThenhecutmeopenandtookouttheappendixandstitchedmeupagain(cuthisabdomenopen)B.Thewholeforthepart4)Thenameofapersonforhisworks(1)IfoundShakespeare

difficulttounderstand.(Shakespeare’sworks)(2)IhavegotacompletesetofLuXun.(LuXun’sworks)C.Thespeciesforthegenus,orthegenusforthespecies1)Alas,thatspringshouldvanishwiththeRose!(EdwardFitzgerald)(rose=flowersingeneral;speciesforthegenus)2)Whatadespicablecreatureheis.(creature=man;thegenusforthespecies)D.Nameofmaterialforthethingmade(SeeP201)1)Hewalkedthe

boards

foraliving.(theboards=thestage)2)Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins(silksandsatins=dressesmadeofsilkandsatin)D.Nameofmaterialforthethingmade3)Cotton

suitsyou.

(cotton=garmentsmadeofcotton)4)Thefoxgoeswellwithyourcap.(fox=garmentsmadeoffoxskin5)Betterbejocund/pleasedwiththefruitfulGrapethansaddenafternone,orbitterfruit.(grapewine)E.Thecontainerforthethingcontainedorviceversa1)Thekettleisboiling.

(kettle=thewaterinthekettle)2)Twobeers/coffees/teas,please.(beers=twoglassesof

beer/coffee/tea)

3)菜篮子:vegetables4)米袋子:grainsF.Thethingwornforthewearer(seeP201)1)Iarrivedattheschooljustthreefeettallandfatlywrappedinmyscarves.Theplaygroundroaredlikearodeo,…Oldboots,raggedstockings,torntrousersandskirts,wentskatingandskiddingaround.Iwasencircled…(Oldboots,raggedstockings,torntrousersandskirts=childrendressedinsuchapparel/clothes)7.Antonomasia

借代，提喻Antonomasia:(seeP201)Greekword,means“byname,insteadof”Thisfigureofspeechhasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillinfrequentuse.7.Antonomasia

借代，提喻Ithastwoforms.Inthefirstform,anepithet,orthenameofanofficeordesignatio