考研英语与英语四六级：词根词缀和高频相近词汇分类

词源学背单词:词根词缀=偏旁部首

前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性.

l)“a+辅音”表强调，相当于去(to)注：除aelou五个元音外都是辅音字母。如：

appoint/accompany/adapt..to…使适应/使适合/adjust…to...调整以适应…just(刚好的/

公正的/正义的)/justice公正正义法官adopt采用采纳/收养领养(opt选择选项/option

选择optional可选择的)

2)元音字母之间可以替换，单词意思不变。注：近亲字母，可以相互替换。。=em二nv二w

如：renovate更新革新

begin-began-begun

3)形容词+ly1.表副词：…地2.表形容词friendly友好的

4)ness/-ity/sion/age表抽象名词"…性"如:kindness/humanity/personality

5)dis-/un-/il-/ir-/non=none/im=in/off=ab表否定〃不〃

$n：Dislike/unlike/unknown/impossible/impolite/immortal/incorrect/independent/nonverbal

/illegal/illogical/

irregular/irresponsible/nonsense/non-smoker/

inappropriate不适合的/Nonconformist特立独行者/abnormal不正常的/abuse滥用

/abandon放弃/incompetently不能胜任的competence竞争力

6)mis-表〃错误〃如:mistake/mislead/misunderstand

7)de-=bad表〃不好”如:defend防守de也表示强调

devote致力于devotetodoing

8)fend=fence表〃保卫”如：defend防守/offend进攻

9)im=in表“向内的/往内“ex=e=out=mit表“往外”

10)-mit表“发射”如：transmit发射/emit发射

如：import进口/export出口/exit出口/ex-wife前妻

ll)Emerge浮现出现/submerge下沉/emigrate往外迁/immigrate往内迁移/migrate(迁移

/移民)

12)port表港口如airport机场/passport护照/transport运输

13)dis-/away/divide/di/off表分开/远离

如:dividend分红stock库存;股票;股份二share分享;股份

stockholder=shareholder股东

14)com=co=con=col=cor=together,,^[B]一起”

$n：cooperate=collaboration/coleague/cowarkers

15)inter-〃相互之间〃

^ri:internet/international/interactivity/interaction

16)Sup=sub/under•表〃在…之下/少/没有”

sur=over表”在…之上侈/超过”

如I：subtitle副标题/suburban郊区的/subconscious下意识的/subway=underway地铁

overrate=overestimate高估/surpass超过/surface表面/surplus盈余的/surrealism超现实

主义如：underrate=underestimate低估/underprivileged贫穷的/underlie构成.基础，位于

之下/underlying潜在的，

17)full=ful,表“充满.・.的”less表“少/没有”

如：useful/carefuluseless/careless

18)pre/pro/fore表在之前/往前

post-/back/re表在之后/往回

如：prewar战前/postwar战后/progress进步//prolong延长/production生产/forehead前

额/foreword前言/foresee预见foretell语言/forecast预测;预报二predict/reduce减少/

preview预习/return回报/review复习

Re=again再次reform改革/retell复述

View看preview预习;预览review复习;回顾;评论interview面试深访;接见

19cess=gress=ceed走progress进步/regress退步/egress出口

/congress=recede=recession国会/走在——起/aggressive进取的；好斗的/egress出口

/access通道/process工序过程加工处理/excess过多过分/excessive过多的/concession让

步妥协=compromise〃predecessor前辈/exceed超过=surpass/proceed继续进行

/exceedinglv=very二extremely非常，极其+important表非常重要，闪光词

20)表“小的/极小的"Micro-/mini■如:Microsoft

21)表“使…”en/ate/lize/lise/ize/ise/ify表“…化”zation

如：enforce/graduate/realize/publicize/popularize/

如：light轻的/光，亮/lighten使变亮/widen使变宽/lessen减少/weaken削弱/strength

加强enlighten使点亮/启发/encourage鼓励enablesbtodosth有能力做/enlarge扩大

/enrich富有/entitle命名，赋予---权利entitlesbtodosth/

entitlementandduty权利与义务

Unify使联合/simplify简化/beautify美化/classify使分类使分级//eliminate排除，淘汰

/eradicalate使根除/

industrialization/internationalization/globalization

22)uni—联合，统一unite联合，统一/communication沟通，通讯uniform统一的，一

致的uniformity一致性

23）表“穿越/跨越"trans・=across如：transport运输/transform变形/transplant移植

/translate翻译/transmit发射

24）表“人/物”-or/er如:doctor/cooker/weatherbadtimes度过难关表”...人/..・主义者”

-ist表”…主义”・ism

如I：environmentalist环保主义者/linguist语言学家/socialism社会主义/socialist社会主义

者/capitalist资本家/postmodernism后现代主义者

25）表“天/天体”astro-

26）表“博士"Dr.=doctor如：Dr.chen陈博士

27）表“自动"auto-auto（汽车n）automobile汽车

Theautoindustry汽车工业

28）表“一直"ever-如:ever・increasing一直增长

Ever-changing一直变化

29）表“每一个/引申义完全/彻底”per-

如：person/perturb/disturb/perfect

turb扰动turbulent动荡的/骚动的/disturb扰乱打扰/perturb全扰乱了

30）表“做"fect=fact=do

如：affect影响；打动/affection爱情；affectionate含情脉脉的/effect影响/infect感染；

传染/effective有效果的takeeffectivemeasuretodosth

32）表手工的/人工的manual・/manu如manufacture制造

33）表“姿势/摆放"pose=put

如：compose构成组成/expose暴露/impose强加/施加

34）表“压"press表“浓密的"dense

如：compress压缩二condense压缩；浓缩/Density浓密/密度/impress印象/depress压

抑/萧条/express表达/快的/快递confess倾诉,忏悔/expression表情

35）表“坚固的/稳固的/确定的"firm=form

Confirm确定；确认/affirm确定/conform一致；遵从/infirm二weakness虚弱的theoldand

infirm老弱

36）表"弓|"duce=duct=lead如：introduce弓|进；弓|入introduction弓|进n/reduce减少

/reduction减少n/induce引入seduce色诱引诱/conduct引导/misconduct误导

37）表半semi-表行为-deed如semiconductor半导体

38）states状态,陈述

39）super超级superman超人/superwoman女强人

40）anti—反/抗antibody抗体/antihuman反人类

41)anti—war抗战/反战

42)multi一多multiple多样的multi------national多媒体/multitudesof=lotsof大量的

Mono单一monologue独白自言自语

Triple三倍

43)ible=able=uble值得的/能…

变成名词只需把able=ability

如lovable可爱的respectable可敬的/predictable可预测的/sustain维持/持续sustainable

可持续的/sustainability可持续性/sustainabledevelopment可持续发展

Solve解决/溶解如：dissolve溶解/解散soluble可溶解的；可解决的solution解决方案

/溶解/resolve解决/下决心决定巨闪光resolvetheproblemofenvironmentpollution

44)fess说=dict・

profess宣布;公布professor教授/predict预测

45)lect选择select选择elect选举collect收集collective收集的/集体的collectivism集

体主义

46)bat=beat击/打combat格斗战斗

47)fuse二flow流如：confused困惑的diffuse扩散;传播/

refuse拒绝二reject

48)plex=plic=ply折/折叠duplicate复制J的，imply暗示

comply遵从

49)rect正确rectify纠正erect竖直

50)ceive=cept接受，得至Ureceive接收reception/accept/conceive/deceive欺骗perceive

理解，领悟except除了/exception例外

51)pect看expect期望respect尊敬，方面

inthisrespect=aspect方面inspect检查prospect展望前途

perspective观点看法视角frommyperspective在我看来

52)load"载"download超载

53)appearv出现appearance出现n叩parent显而易见的巨闪词=obvious明显的

54)tribe部落tribute进贡上贡，歌功颂德contribute贡献/distribute分发/分销销售/

分布distribution名三意attribute归功于；归因于=owe..・to

55)fer•拿perfer优先考虑transfer转移/转学/转机

infer推断fertile肥沃的/能生的/能繁殖的

56)ject•扔Ob=op=aganist反对

eject喷射project工程项目/投掷/projector投影仪/inject注射object物体目标n反对

v=oppose反对objective客观的/目标/subjective主观的subject学科科目=discipline闪光

词subjecJto…使…遭罪/遭受（填空题）

57）tele=far远的vis=see

telegraph电报telescope望远镜television电视

microscope显微镜vision图像远见teleconference远程会议/telecom电信

高频相近词汇汇总：

赞赏/感激：

appreciate/gratitude/celebrate/praise/applaud

至关重要的/最主要的：essential/major/crucial/foremost

/vital/supreme/Leading/largely/primary/cardinal/chief

/main/mostly/capital/imperative/principal

初等的/基本的：primary/primitive/ultimate/elementary

Fundamental/original/preliminary

适当/合适的：apt/appropriate/proper/ly/due/just/fitting

接近/靠近：approach/joining/approximate

评估：estimate/rate/appraisal/assess/evaluate

evaluation/oblige/grade

增强/加强/增加/加剧：ampIify/expend/sweIl/increase/

augment/addingto/intensity/assent/heighten/

consolidate/enhance/enlarge/reinforce/aggravate/burden/

减轻/减少/下降：decrease/lessen/decline

shrink/deflate/diminshing/reduction/reduce

替换/变化：shift/convert/alternate/alter/displace/avert

Transform/switch/substitute改变/变化：change/shift（替换）/modify/endeavor（转变）

/fickle

分离/分开：apart/split/separate/detach/disconnect

可能性:likelihood/probability/possibility/potentiality

断言/宣称/宣告：allege/assert/affirm/proclaim/acclaim/

Exclaim/declare

黏附/坚持

adhere/stick/abide/clingto/insiston/Coherent/persist

取得/获得：acquire/obtain/gain/attain/

knockoff/secure/accessible/availability

让步/承认：acknowledge+ment/admit/acceptance

Concede/giveinto/concession/confess/retreat（撤退）

习惯于：accustom/usedtodo

控告/谴责/申诉：accuse/scold/complain（申诉）

Condemn/damn/indict/sue/deplore/denounce

准确度：accuracy/precise/exact/validty（正确性）

堆积/积累：accumulate/lump/disorganized（杂舌L）

一致/符合：accord/accordance/complies+with

coincidence/consistent/uniformly/consensus/

inkeepingwith/correspond/atoddswith（不一致）

完成/实现：accomplish/realize/fulfill/complete

加速/促进：accelerate/speed/boost

废除/取消：abolish/annul/destroy/cancel/crossout

停止/禁止：ban/cease/forbid/prohibit/quit/stem/terminate

调整/校正/修正：adjust/amend/emend/rainforce/

revise/modity（修改/改进）

绝对/完全的：absolute/thoroughly（彻底地）/Fromthe/bottomup

确保/保证：assurance/assure/certify/conviction（确信）

/ensure/guarantee/testify/verify/ascertain/confirm

论证/证明：exemplify/illustrate/certify/qualify/cite/

clarify/demonstrate/instance

必然的：inevitable/certainty/unavoidable/necessarily

假设/彳段定：assume/assumption/presumption/deem（认为）

领先/超过：precede/surpass/overtake/excess/

exceed/priority/excel

妨碍/阻止：preclude/bar/hinder/hamper/intemipt/

interfere/irhibit/handicap/obstacle/prevent

压迫/限制：oppress/suppress/enforce/overwhelm

Constrain/constraint/confine/restrain/boycotting/

Compulsory/mandatory/belimitedto（受制于）

抵抗的/抵制的：resistent/boycott/fIightagainst

培养/收养：

foster/adopt/cultivate/nurture/breed/raise//rear

赞成/批准/通过：approve/approval/consent/incline

/subscribe/Rrant/permission/sympathv+with/goalona

产生/弓I起：arise/arouse/bebornof/incurred/bringabout/setoff/originate+form/in

/seduce/induce/sparkoff/steer（弓I导）

吸引/引诱/背叛/揭露：attract/lure/seduce/tempt/泄露：

disclose/uncover/surface/leakage/capture/i&®：compel/oblige

联系/联合：associate/combine/tie/connection/link/contact

奉献：penny/devote/dedicated/contribute

受影响/受伤害：vulnerable/susceptible

激发/激励：activate/motivate/stimulate/spur/provoke

Radical（激进的）

杰出的/显著的：prominent/eminent/distinction/briuiant

/markedly/striking/remarkable/notable/noted/excellent

流行：prevalent/tide（潮流）/epidemic/stylish

曲解/误解：misinterpreted/mislead/misunderstand/twist

低于：inferiorto/subordinateto

优于/在,,,之前：priorto/superior/outweigh（高于）priority

欺骗：deceive/cheat/deceptive/fraud/ckery

兼并/合并：consolidate/concentrate/merger/combination

收购：acquire/acquisition

垄断：monopoly/dominance/besubjectto（受…支配）/curb（控制）/strip（剥夺/强行

控制）hijack（劫持）

特权/所有权：privilege/possession/ownership

任意的/专断的：arbitrary/exclusive/deliberate

结盟：alliance/ally

合作：cooperation/teamwork/collaboration/collaborate

劳动力：laborforce/workforce

金融的：monetary/financial

资金/资本:capital/fund/cash

奖金/津贴：premium/allowance/subsidy

直率的/率直的：blunt/straightup/bluff/explicit

迅速发展/增长/繁荣：boom/flourish/prosperity/escalate

/thriving/thrive/booming

预算/估算：budget/calculate/compute/estimate

更新：renew/renovate

速度：speed/rate

消失/消散：vanish/fade

潜在的：potential/underlying

威胁/危险：threaten/risk/threat

开除/解雇:dismiss/expel/layoff/depart（辞职）

小心/认真/谨慎：caution/discreet/prudent/rigorous

/earnestness/deliberately

战斗/冲突：conflict/combat/contend/cope/militant（好战的）/rival

预见/预知：foresee/forecast

偏见：prejudice/biased

无效的/无用的：fruitless/futile

不幸/灾难：misery/misfortune

义务/责任：liability/obligation/compulsory

遵从/遵守/符合/顺应：conform/obey/yield

/subjectto/abideby/liveby/complywith/adhereto反驳/反对contradict/deny/contrary

相反的

/resist/repel/resist/refutation

不变的/固有的：constant/durable/endure/perpetual/

permanent/eternal/implicit/inherent/mechanical

消费/消耗：consume/expense/expend

对应的人或物：counterpart/equivalent/peer/parallel

蔑视/轻视：despise/disdaim/scorn/contempt

真实的/可靠的：credible/authentic/actual/genuine

/substantial/reliable/solid/secure

人造的/假的/仿制品:artificial/fake/imitation/synthetic

辅助的：auxiliary/complementary

/complement/supplementary

利用/利益：avail/beneficial/takeadvantageof/makeuseof

平均的/普遍的/一般的：average/ordinary/commonplace

/prevalent/universal/widespread

过量的/过多的：excess/excessive/superfluous/spare

strain（过度使用）/surplus/

极端的/极度的：utmost/extreme/excessively

致命的/毁灭性的：fatal/ruins（崩溃/废墟）/corrupt（使败坏）/decay（使腐败）

声名狼藉的：notorious/infamous/disr