考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷24

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷24

（总分：40.00,做题时间:90分钟）

一、<B>PartB</B>（总题数:4,分数：40.00）

A.GenderdifferentiatorB.MarkofPersonalityC.AdoptionofforeigndrinksD.Statement

ofaffiliationE.SituationdefinerF.ClassificationofdrinkingpatternG.Status

indicatorItisclearthatinallcultureswheremorethanonetypeofalcoholicbeverageis

avaitable,drinksareclassifiedintermsoftheirsocialmeaning,andtheclassificationof

drinksisusedtodefinethesocialworld.Few,ifany,alcoholicbeveragesare"socially

neutral”:everydrinkisloadedwithsymbolicmeaning,everydrinkconveysamessage.

Alcoholisasymbolicvehicleforidentifying,describing,constructingandmanipulating

culturalsystems,values,interpersonalrelationships,behavioralnormsandexpectations.

Choiceofbeverageisrarelyamatterofpersonaltaste.1Atthesimplestlevel,drinksare

usedtodefinethenatureoftheoccasion.Thetypeofdrinkserveddefinesboththenature

oftheeventandthesocialrelationshipbetweenthedrinkers.Thechoiceofdrinkalso

dictatesbehavior.InmanyWesterncultures,champagneissynonymouswithcelebration,such

thatifchampagneisorderedorservedatanotherwise"ordinary"occasion,someonewill

invariablyask“Whalarewecelebrating?*2Choiceofbeverageisalsoasignificant

indicatorofsocialstatus.InPoland,forexample,wineisregardedasahigh-status,

middle-classdrink,whilenativebeersandvodkasare“ordinary“orworking-class.3Choice

ofbeveragemayalsobeastatementofaffiliation,adeclarationofmembershipina

particulargroup,generation,class,“tribe”,sub-cultureornationanditsassociated

values,attitudesandbeliefs.Certaindrinks,forexample,havebecomesymbolsofnational

identity:GuinnessfortheIrish,tequilaforMexicans,whiskyforScots,ouzoforGreeks

etc.One'snationalbeveragecanbeapowerfulexpressionofone'sloyaltiesandcultural

identity.4Whiledifferencesinage,class,status,aspirationsandaffiliationsare

frequentlyexpressedthroughbeveragechoice,themostconsistentandwidespreaduseof

alcoholasasocial"differentiator*isinthegender-basedclassificationofdrinks.Almost

allsocietiesmakesomedistinctionbetween"masculine"and“feminine'beverages:evenwhere

nootherdifferentiationisfound,thisprimarydivisionislikelytobeevident,and,

often,toberigidlyobserved.Eveninsocietieswhereonlyonealcoholicbeverageis

available,suchaspalmwineamongtheLeleofZaire,aweaker,sweeterversion,Manama

piya,isconsideredsuitableforwomen,whileManamakobo,describedas"strong"and

“fierce”,isaman'sdrink.5Itappearsthattheadoptionofforeigndrinksalsoinvolves

theadoptionofthedrinkingpatterns,attitudesandbehaviorassociatedwiththealien

culture,whileothersocietiesabsorbforeigndrinkswithouttakingin“anyofthe

associatedculturalapproaches.WhentheBritishgotoFrance,theyexhibitatendencyto

drinkwineinbeerquantitiesanddisplayallofthebehavioralexcessesassociatedwith

theirnativedrinkingpatterns,withtheresultthatyoungBritishtourists"arenow

renownedinFranceandelsewhereinEuropefortheirdrinkinganddrunkenness*.InSpain,by

contrast,theyoungmalesappearmoresensitivetoalienculturalinfluences.Inspiteof

manyareascovered,informationonthesymbolicmeaningsofdifferenttypesofalcoholic

drinkisstillincomplete.Therefore,furtherandmorepreciseresearchonthesymbolic

functionsofalcoholicbeveragesisneeded.

（分数：10.00）

填空项1：（正确答案：E）

填空项1：（正确答案：G）

填空项1:（正确答案：D）

填空项1：（正确答案：A）

填空项1：（正确答案：C）

解析：解析：由首句的关键词adoptionofforeigndrinks、foreigndrinks及英国的事例可知，本段

与接收外国的饮料或文化有关，故确定C项“引进外国饮料”正确。

Allmenarecreatedequal,orsoreckonedThomasJeffersonashedraftedAmerica*s

DeclarationofIndependencein1776.SubsequentAmericanshavehadreasontoquestionthe

foundingfather.Sotoohavepeopleinthelandfromwhichthenewnationgainedits

freedom.AmericaandBritainareamongthemostunequalcountriesintherichworldand

Britain,atanyrate,ismoreunequalnowthanitwasagenerationago.Thatisthe

conclusionofastudycommissionedbyHarrietHarman,theequalitiesminister.Classand

moneyhavealwaysstronglyaffectedhowpeopledoinlifeinBritain,withwel1-heeled

familiesbreedingaffluentchildrenjustastheoffspringofthedesperatelypoortendto

remainpoor.AllthatwassupposedtohaveceasedattheendoftheSecondWorldWar,with

thebirthofawelfarestatedesignedtomeetbasicneedsandpromotesocialmobility.But

despitedevotingmuchthoughtandmoremoneytoimprovingthelotofthepoor,governments

havefailedtoboostthoseatthebottomofthepileasmuchasthoseatthetophave

boostedthemselves.Thenewstudy,ledbyJohnHillsoftheLondonSchoolofEconomics,

found,forexample,thattherichesttenthofhouseholdsreceivedincomemorethanfour

timesthatofthepooresttenth;justagenerationago,itwasthreetimesasmuch.

Internationally,onlysixofthe30membersoftheOECD,aclubofmainlyrichcountries,

showgreaterinequality.Wealthisdistributedfarmoreunequallythanincome,withthe

richesttenthinBritainholdingassetsworthalmost100timesthoseofthepoorest.

Althoughthestudyfoundthatsomeofthewidestgapsbetweensocialgroupshavediminished

overtime,deep-seateddifferencesbetweenhavesandhave-notspersist,ruiningthelife

chancesofthelessfortunate.Politiciansofallstripestalkupequalityofopportunity,

arguingthatitmakesforafairerandmoremobilesociety,andamoreprosperousone.The

goalofgreaterequalityofoutcomesalsohasitsboosters.In"TheSpiritLevel”,epidemic

diseaseexpertsKatePickettandRichardWilkinsonclaimthatmoreequalsocietiesare

healthierthanunequalones,aswellashappier.Notallagree,butinacountrywherethe

NationalHealthServiceaccountsforalmostafifthofpublicspending,itisworth

considering.Thedifficultyarisesinputtingthesenotionsintopractice,throughsevere

taxincreasesforthemiddle-classandwealthy,orexpandinggovernmentintervention.These

havenotrecentlybeenvote-winningpropositions,buttherecessionthatBritainisnow

limpingawayfrommayhavechangedthings.SoGordonBrown,atanyrate,mustbehoping.

Recentlytheprimeministersaidhewouldputsocialmobilityattheheartofhiscampaign

forre-election.Thetroubleisthathehashad13yearstoworkonitalready.Despitehis

pledgetoinvestineducationto"makearealityofgenuineequalityofopportunityfor

all”,opinionpollssuggestthathisprospectsarepoor.|（分数:10.00）

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：D）

解析：解析：全文的第一句就提到了ThomasJefferson,文中提到他在起草《独立宣言》时认为“众生

是平等的”。D项中的principleofequality与原文的Allmenarecreatedequal对应，且复现了关

键词DeclarationofIndependence,故为本题答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：第一段最后两句提到英美社会的贫富不平等问题。倒数第二句提到英国现在的贫富差距比一

代人之前加剧了，而这是HarrietHarman得出的结论。综合这两句可知A项为本题答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：F）

解析：解析：第三段提到由JohnHills主持的一项研究，该研究表明10%最富有的人的收入现在是10%

最贫穷的人的四倍，而之前只是三倍。由此可推断，他们之间的收入差距扩大了，故确定F为答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：B）

解析：解析：第四段第四句讲述了流行病专家KatePickett和RichardWilkinson的观点。他们认为，

公平的社会更健康，也更幸福。B项复现了原文的anequalsociety,healthier,happier等关键信

息，为本题答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：G）

解析：解析：最后一段末句提到，GordonBrown曾作出资助教育的承诺（pledge）,使所有人都能获得真

正均等的机会（genuineequalityofopportunity）oG项复现了遣一信息，promised对应文中的

pledge,故G为本题答案。

You'vefinallyfinishedthebookyourco-workerrecommended,sowhattoreadnext?Ifitis

5a.m.,chancesarethatyou,rereachingforaromancenovel—especiallyifyou,reinTexas

orGeorgia.Byearlymorning,thriIlersmightstarttolookmoreappealing.Thesearesome

oftheinsightsfromScribdInc.andOyster,twostartupsthatofferunlimitede-book

rentalsforamonthlysubscriptionfee.Scribd,OysterandEntitleBooks-whichjust

launchedinDecember—aretrackingreaderbehaviorinhopesoffiguringoutrecommendations

ofexactlywhatyou'11wanttopickupnext.Subscriptionservicesarepopularbecausethey

zzreducetheemotionalburden'ofpurchasing,saysJulieHaddon,Scribdvicepresidentof

marketing.Buyingabookcreatespressuretofinishandgetyourmoney*sworth,sheadds.In

addition,peoplemighttrytosavemoneybybuyingacheaperbookinsteadoftheonethey

reallywant.Anall-accesssubscriptionlowerstheactivationenergyforreading,says

OysterCEOEricStromberg.Readingoftenhasahigh*activationenergy"becausethere,sa

timegapbetweenwantingtoreadabookandthenactuallygettingyourhandsonit,hesays.

“Whenyoucanorderabookandinstantlygetitonyourtablet,youcanhearaboutthebook

andthenreaditrightthere,z，saysWillemvanLancker,Oyster*schiefproductofficer.

“Fromthepublishingperspective,thebiggestproblemishowtogetpeopletocareabouta

newbook,“saysOtisChandler,CEOofGoodreads,asitewherepeoplesharewhatthey,re

readingandpostrecommendations.Goodreads,whichwasacquiredbyAmazoninMarch,usesan

algorithmthatrecommendsbooksthatuserswithsimilartastehaveenjoyed.Oysterand

Scribdaskreaderstoratebooks,whattheycallan“activesignal."Theyalsotrack

z/passivesignals,*suchasthepercentageofabookthatareaderfinishesandtheclick

rate,orhowmanypeoplewhoareshownabookclickthroughtolearnmore.Thecompaniesuse

thatinformationamongotherfactorstorecommendbooks.Activesignalsrepresentwhatwe

wishweread,whilepassivesignalsaremorehonest,saysJaredFriedman,Scribdchief

technologyofficer.Alotofpeoplegivea5-starratingto“TheGreatGatsby,“whilethey

readgreedily,butdon'tnecessarilyrate,thrillerslike“TheDaVinciCode,“forexample.

Personalizedrecommendationsdrive10timesmorebrowsingtrafficthanlistsbasedonthemes

suchas"globe-trottingmemoirs"or"badrolemodels*thatcopyracksatthefrontof

bookstores,Scribd*sMr.Friedmansays.Thecompanyisinterestedincombiningalgorithms

with1iststocreatealistofbestsellersthatsomeonewou1d,basedonpastreading

behavior,findinteresting.Anotherpossibleapproachistosuggestdifferentbooksor

genresdependingontimeofdaytotakeadvantageofwhatthecompanyknowsabouttime-based

preferences.Theseservices,ofcourse,competewiththelibrary.Butlibrarieshavehad

limitede-bookofferingsandthereareoftenwaitsforthebooks.Whilelibraries1budget

fore-bookshasbeengrowing,licensingrestrictionsmeanthatpopulartitlesoftenaren,t

available,saysLauraGirmscheid,researchmanagerforthetradepublicationLibrary

Journal.This,combinedwithholdsone-books,isthelargesthurdlepreventingpeoplefrom

usinglibrarye-booksmore."It'sjustnotconvenientforinstantaccess,，zMs.Girmscheid

says.[1]（分数：10.00）

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：O

解析：解析：第三段提到了JulieHaddon的几个观点，其中最后一句提到了他认为人们在买纸质书时，

会为了省钱而买较便宜的书，而非实际所需要的书。C项所述与此相符，故为本题答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：G）

解析：解析：第四段前两句提到EricStromberg认为无限量订阅“会减少激发阅读所需的能量”。而阅

读往往需要很强的“激发能量”，因为从你想读一本书到真正着手去读它之间有个时间差。G项复现了该

部分的关键词highactivationenergy及timegap,为本题答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：E）

解析：解析：OtisChandler认为从出版的角度来看，最大的问题就是如何让读者关心一本新书，E项中

的howtoraisereader*sinterests”如何提高读者的兴趣”与文中的howtogetpeopletocare

about对应。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：第六段第二句解释了passivesignals包括theclickrate,而第四句则引用Jared

Friedman的话指出，passivesignals是一种更真实的信号，A项复现了原文的关键词，为本题答案。

填空项1：（正确答案：正确答案：F）

解析：解析：最后一段提到了制约人们使用图书馆电子书的因素，即由于借阅许可证的限制及电子书的获

取延误（holdsone-books）,最后一段总结到，图书馆的电子书就是不方便获取。F项inconvenience对

应原文的notconvenient,为本题答案。

A.PlanfortheFinancialTransitionB.ExamineYourInvestmentPortfolioC.Contributeto

anIRAD.SavebeforeYouSpendE.MaxoutYourRetirementPlansF.SetaRetirementSavings

GoalG.ReviewYourOwnRetirementPlanOnemonthintothenewyear,it'stimetocheckin

onyourpromisestoyourselftostartsavingmoreforretirement.Fully70percentof

Americansareconcernedaboutnothavingenoughmoneyforacomfortableretirement,arecent

FidelityInvestmentsstudyfound.Herearestrategiestoboostyourretirementsavingsthis

year.1"Payyourselffirst,andfindwaystoinvestautomatically,zzsaysHeatherDzielakof

LincolnFinancialGroup."Gelinthedisciplineofsettingasidemoneyforyourretirement"

Manycompanieswillletyouautomaticallydepositpartofyourpaycheckintosavingsor

investmentaccounts.2MostAmericansarecountingonindividualretirementaccounts(IRA)

tohelpfundtheirretirement.Butasof2004,only29percentoffamiliesownedanIRAor

Keogh,withamedianvalueof$30,000,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute

(EBRI).Thedeadlineformakinga2006contributiontoatax-advantagedIRAisApril17,the

dateyourfederaltaxreturnisdue.3Besuretocontributeenoughtogetyouremployer,s

ful1match."Thewaytoreallydowell,/zsaysEdSlott,authorofYourCompleteRetirement

PlanningRoadMap,“istokeepputtingmoremoneyinasmuchasyoucan.Itrytofundal1

theretirementaccountsIcantothemax.Youshouldalsoaccountforall401(k)plans

you1vehadatpreviousemployersandconsolidatetheminyourcurrentemployer'splanor

transferthemintoarolloverIRA,saysDallasSalisbury,EBRIpresident.Rollinga401(k)

overintoanIRAallowsyoutoavoidmostfeesandpenalties.4Only4in10workershave

actuallycalculatedhowmuchtheyneedtosaveforretirement,accordingtoEBRI.Andmany

ofthosecreatedtheirownestimateorguessed.It,s