考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷21

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷21

（总分：40.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、<B>PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow

eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.</B>（总题数：4,分数：40.00）

Threemakesatrend.TheWashingtonPostCo.Fridayannouncedthatitwou1dlooktosellits

headquartersbuildingindowntownWashington,D.C.InJanuary,theDetroitFreePressandThe

DetroitNewsannouncedtheywouldputupforsaletheirheadquarters.Thesamemonth,FrankGannett

saiditwillsellthebuildingthathousestheRochester,N.Y.,Democrat&Chronicle.Thebuilding

wastheplacewhereGannettstartedandbuilthisvastnewspaperempire.Il'snosecretthat

newspapersareincrisis.Advertisingrevenueshavefallenbyhalfinthepastdecadeandare

backtowheretheywerein1983;circulationrevenuesarebacktowheretheywerein1996.The

digitalnumbersarerising,butnotfastenough.Printmediaishamperedbyhighfixedcosts

incurredinthepre-digitalera-pensionsandunioncontracts,equipmentlikeprintingpresses,

largenumbersofemployees,andbigofficebuildings.Virtuallyeverynewspapercompanyhas

engagedindrasticmeasures一layingoffexperiencedemployees,eliminatingsections,cuttingback

printingfromdailytoafewdaysperweek.Thoseeffortsareal1meantto1owerday-to-day

operatingcosts.Butwe*vealsoseennewspapercompaniesseekonetimeinjectionsofcashbyselling

offnon-coreassets.Increasingly,theheadquartersbuilding-typicallylocatedrightinthe

middleoftown-isfallingintothenon-coreassetcategory.Traditionalistsmayfindthesesales

andthecontinuedshrinkingofnewspapers*real-estatefootprintstobedepressing.Butit's

actuallyapositivedevelopment.Callitcreativedestruction,oradaptivereuse.Incitiesaround

thecountry,investorsarefindingbetterusesforproperties.InlowerManhattan,ClassBoffice

buildingsthatusedtohousefinancialfirmshavebeenconvertedintoexpensiveseparate

apartments."It'sagreatthing,becauseitdrivesmoretaxrevenuetothecities.Anditgives

thesuburbsarunforthemoney,“saidJonathanMiller,presidentofappraisalcompanyMillerSamuel.

InD.C,theWashingtonPostwilllikelyfetchanexcellentpriceforitsheadquartersbecause

Washingtonisaboomtown.Throughout1）.C,investorsareplowingcashintohousing,office,and

retaildevelopments.ThebuildingthathousedtheorganizationthatexposedtheWatergatescandal

maybecomethenextWatergatecomplexOfcourse,progressinevitablydisplacesthepriortenants.

It'slikelythenewhomesthatwillbeoccupiedbynewspapermenandnewspaperwomeninWashington,

Rochester,andDetroitwillbelessgrand,lesscentral,andlesshistoricthantheircurrent

homes.Andthesaleofthesepropertiesalonewon'tsolvethenewspapers*financialproblems.

Butitwi11buythemaveryvaluablecommodity:time.（分数：10.00）

（1）.Bysaying"Threemakesatrend”（Para.1）,theauthorimpliesthat.（分数：2.00）

A.thethreecompanieshavesoldtheirbuiIdingstogether

B.newspaper-publishershavewidelyfallenintocrisisV

C.newspapergiantsstarttoenterhousingmarket

I）,it'spopu1arforprintingcompaniestochangeheadquarters

解析：解析：根据题干定位到第一段。Threemakesatrend该句总起全文，引出要讨论的话题；该段随

后分别列举了三个报业大集团出售其办公大楼的事例；紧接着第二段①句点出卖楼原因乃是报业不景气

（newspapersareincrisis）,因而可知，该句是想通过具体事例说明报业危机的趋势（trend）,故选B项。

（2）.AccordingtoParagraph2,whathasstoodinthewayofprintmedia'sfurtherdevelopment?

（分数：2.00）

A.Thedeclineofadvertisingrevenues.

B.Thespreadofdigitalnews.

C.Theover-highoperatingcost.J

D.Thelargeofficebuildings.

解析：解析：根据题干定位到第二段。由该段④句的Printmediaishamperedbyhighfixedcosts”出

版媒体深陷于高额固定成本的泥潭之中”可知，阻碍出版业发展的因素是高昂的固定成本，因此选择C项。

(3).Innewspaperindustry,drasticmeasuresareadoptedwiththepurposeto.(分数：2.00)

A.reducethestaffcost

B.optimizecompanysections

C.cutdownthedailyexpenditureV

D.lookforonetimeinjectionofcash

解析：解析：根据题干中的drasticmeasures可定位到第三段。该段采用总一分结构，其中①句指出报业

集团纷纷采取措施，破折号之后则是这些措施的具体做法。紧接着②句点明所有努力都是为了lower

day-to-dayoperatingcosts"降低日常运营成本”，故而选C项。

(4).ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that.(分数：2.00)

A.traditionalistsarestronglyagainstthesalesofnewspapers*buildings

B.thedestructionofnewspapers'buildingsisactuallycreative

C.thetradingofbuildingscanincreasetheurbanrevenueJ

D.moneyflowsarerunningquicklyfromsuburbstobigcities

解析：解析：根据题干可直接定位到第四段。该段⑥⑦句双引号中提到米勒的意见：becauseitdrivesmore

taxrevenuetothecities,即地产买卖可以为城市带来更多的税收，也就是增加了城市收入，故C项正

确。

(5).Theauthor'sattitudetowardthebuilding-salesis.(分数：2.00)

A.negative

B.positiveJ

C.neutral

D.indifferent

解析：解析：本题考查作者对出售办公楼的态度。一般来说，作者会在字里行间透露自己的想法，并在一

些关键显眼处重申或加强自己的观点，尤其是结尾处。全文最后一句很明显是作者的想法，他认为售楼至

少能为报业争取到宝贵的时间，由此选B项。同时，在文章第四段作者的观点也得到鲜明表达一一他认为

可以将此称作“创造性的破坏”或是“适应性再利用”，从这些词汇中所含有的积极语义也能判断出作者

持肯定的态度。

Twoofthemostcommonrumorsaboutimmigrantfamiliesarethattheydon'treallywanttobecome

Americanandthatthey*readragontherestofus.ButafascinatingnewPewreportgiveslie

tobothfears.Intheprocess,itremindsuswhyimmigrationmatters.Thestudyshowsfirstof

al1thatAmericanizationisproceedingasinevitablynowasduringpreviousgreatwavesof

migration.Yes,today*simmigrantsareHispanicandAsianratherthanEuropean.Butthathasnot

madeadifference.Today's20millionadultsonsanddaughtersofimmigrantshavelearnedEnglish,

advancedeconomically,andintermarriedfarmorethantheirparentsdidandnomoreslowlythan

theItaliansorIrishorPolesdidacenturyago.Nearlysixinten—almostdoublethepercentage

oftheirparents-considerthemselves“typicalAmericans.Asforwhetherimmigrantfami1iesare

adragonsociety,thefactsareclear.Second-generationAmericans一thechiIdrenof

immigrants-arenotjustdoingbetterthantheirparents.Theireducationalattainmentandincome

areactuallyabovethenationalaverage.Theyarecontributors.Ifanything,asotherresearch

hasshown,itisAmericathatcanbeharmfultoimmigrantfamilies:obesityandcriminality

increasefromthefirsttothesecondgeneration.Sothequestionshouldnotbehowtokeep

newcomersfromdilutingAmericabuthowtokeepAmericafromdilutingthenewcomers.Thispresents

achailengetobothnative-bornAmericansandtoday'simmigrants.ThePewreportnotesthat

Americanswhoareofforeignbirthorparentage,so-called“immigrantstock,“willconstitute

arecord37%ofthepopulationby2050.ThisfrightensmanywhiteAmericanstothecore,especially

thosewhoareolderandliveincommunitiesonlyrecentlytouchedbyimmigration.Butfortoday's

“immigrantstock,“thismomentcreatesanopportunity.Immigrantsofearliercenturiesproved

thateverykindofEuropeancouldbecomesimplywhite;today*simmigrantsprovethateverykind

ofhumancanbecomesimplyAmerican.Butthismeansencouragingthemtostrivenotonlyfortheir

ownfamiliesbutalsoforthenation,throughserviceandcivicparticipation.Weshouldbear

inmindthatwhetherwearenative-bornornewcomer,ourtasknow,then,istoapplyanimmigrant's

ingenuity,optimism,andperseverancetothesystematicexpansionofopportunityinAmerica,To

dothat,ashistoryshowsandrecentstudiesconfirm,it'11helptohavemoreimmigrantsaround.

（分数：10.00）

（1）.ThenewPewreporthasfoundthat.（分数：2.00）

A.thetworumorsaboutimmigrationareuntrueJ

B.theimmigrationmattersshouldbeaddressed

C.HispanicandAsianimmigrantsdonothelpAmerica

D.Almostallimmigrantshaveastrongsenseofbelonging

解析：解析：由题干中的Pew可定位到第一段②句。本题主要考查对givelieto"揭露谎言，证明……

虚假”这一短语的理解，②句指出这两种谣言都是错误的。A项中的untrue“不正确的”与此语义相符，

故A项为正确答案。

（2）.AccordingtoParagraph3,immigrantfamilies.（分数:2.00）

A.donotslowdownbutspeedupAmericanprogressJ

B.arebetteroffthannativesineducationandincome

C.aredilutingAmericaasaunitedandcoherentsociety

D.poseapotentialchallengetotheAmericansociety

解析：解析：根据题干可直接定位到第三段。该段①句指出，事实可以证明移民家庭是否为美国社会的累

赘。②③句列举了第二代移民教育水平和收入比全国平均值要高的事实，④句归纳说明移民家庭为美国社

会作出了贡献，A项中的“加速美国的发展”与④句中的contributors意思相符，故A项为正确答案。

（3）.ManywhiteAmericansarefrightenedtothecorebecause.（分数：2.00）

A.thenumberofimmigrantswillexceedthatofAmericannativesby2050

B.immigrantswillaccountforalargepartofthepopulationby2050J

C.immigrantswi11populatetheUSA,includingthoseremotecommunities

D.theyoungimmigrantswillincreaseobesityandcriminalityinAmerica

解析：解析：根据题干中的frightenedtothecore可以定位到第四段。该段②句的This指代上一句的

内容，即到2050年有外国血统的美国人的比例将高达37%,B项中的accountforalargepart"占据

很大一部分”与文意相符，故为答案。

（4）.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat.（分数：2.00）

A.immigrationismoreachailengethananopportunity

B.immigrationcanbeharnessedtoservethenationJ

C.immigrantscanhardlybeassimilatedintoAmerica

D.themoreimmigrantsAmericatakesin,thebetter

解析：解析：根据题干可直接定位至最后两段。第四段⑤句提出，使移民成为美国人的办法就是鼓励移民

参与公共及公民服务，为国为家尽力。B项中的servethenation与此语义相符，故B项为答案。

（5）.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheimmigrationintoAmericais.（分数：2.00）

A.doubtful

B.indifferent

C.pessimistic

D.supportiveJ

解析：解析：作者先是否定了两个关于移民的谣言，接着论证移民不仅没有阻碍美国社会的发展，反而为

美国社会作出了贡献，最后更提出要运用移民的创造性、乐观态度和坚韧不拔的精神来系统地为美国社会

创造更多的机会，指出美国需要更多的移民，由此可以推断出作者是支持移民的，D项正确。

Brothersandsistersfight,butwhenthebickeringevolvesintophysicaloremotionalabuse,it's

bullying.Ordinaryargumentsovertoysandwhogetsthefrontseatareonething,butarecent

studyfromresearchersattheUniversityofNewHampshirereportsthataggressionbetweensiblings

canescalateintobullying,andthatyoungvictimscanbeharmedinthesamewayasthosewho

arethreatenedbypeersontheplayground.Infact,thestudyauthorssay,beingbulliedbya

brotherorsisterwaslinkedtoworsemental-healthoutcomesforkidsandadolescents,similar

tothoseassociatedwithbeingbulliedbyunrelatedkidsintheschoolyard.Thenewstudy,

pub!ishedinthejournalPediatrics,involvedthousandsofchiIdrenandadolescentsthroughout

theU.S.andfoundthatthosewhowerephysicallyassaulted,hadtheirtoysstolenorbrokenor

enduredemotionalabusethatmadethemfeelfrightenedorunwantedbytheirsiblinghadhigher

levelsofdepression,angerandanxietythanthosewithouttheseexperiences.Inordertostudy

anydifferencesbetweentheeffectsofsiblingbullyingandthoseofbeingthreatenedbyan

unrelatedbully,theresearcherscomparedtheeffectsofaggressivebehaviors,suchasphysical

violence,breakingortakingtoysorbelongings,andabuse,likename-cal1ingormocking,

originatingfromsiblingswiththosecomingfromchildren'sunrelatedpeers.Theyconcludedthat

asfarasmental-healtheffectsareconcerned,therelationshipthatthevictimshadwiththeir

bulliesdidn,tseemtomatter.Thefindingsshowedthatsiblingbullyinghadthesameassociation

withincreasedanxiety,depressionandtraumaaspeeraggression.That*saneye-openingresult

sincemostparents一nottomentionthepublic一haveahighertoleranceforfightingandeven

threateningbehavioramongsiblingsthantheydoforothersocialrelationships.Siblingfighting

isoftendismissed,seenassomethingthat'snormalorharmless.Someparentseventhinkit*s

beneficial,astrainingfordealingwithconflictandaggressioninotherrelationships.Butwhen

doesthatnormalquarrelingevolveintosomethingmore?Parentsmayunknowinglyplayarolein

escalatingsomesiblingfightingintoabuse,JohnV.Caffaro,aclinicalpsychologistand

co-authorofSiblingAbuseTrauma,toldtheNewYorkTimes.IfparentsallowchiIdrento

continuouslyfightandconfronteachotherinaggressivewayswithoutintervening,orifthey

playfavoritesandlabelchildrenas"thesmartone"orthe"thequietone,“thatmayleadto

moreunhealthycompetitivenessbetweensiblingsthatdevelopsintoabuse.Caffarosaidthatsince

violencebetweensiblingsisoneofthemostcommontypesoffamilialviolence,aggressionwith

theintenttophysicalhurtorhumiliateabrotherorsistershouldbetakenseriously,andquashed.

(分数：10.00)

(1).Theword"bickering”(Line1,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto.(分数：2.00)

A.beating

B.hitting

C.fightingJ

D.bullying

解析：解析：根据题干可直接定位到第一段①句。bickering之前用定冠词the修饰，说明上文提到过这

个词，也就是开篇第一句前半句Brothersandsistersfight”兄弟姐妹会争吵”中的fight"争吵”，

故选C项。

(2).ThenewstudypublishedinPediatricsshowsthat.(分数：2.00)

A.thousandsofchiIdrenandadolescentsintheUSarebul1iedyearly

B.theoutcomeofbeingbulliedbysiblingsisworsethanthatbypeers

C.kidsbulliedbytheirsiblingsaremoredepressedthanthosewhoarenotJ

D.beingbulliedbysiblingsisexactlythesameasbeingbulliedbyothers

解析：解析：根据题干中的Pediatrics（《儿科》）这本杂志，可以迅速定位到第三段。该段指出，新研究

发现，那些身体受攻击……的小孩，与那些没有这种遭遇的小孩相比，表现得更加沮丧、愤怒和焦虑。由

此可以看出，受到欺凌的小孩比其他没有此类经历的人要更加抑郁，故选C项。

（3）.Aftercomparingtheeffects,theresearchersfoundthat.（分数：2.00）

A.siblingbullyingisasharmfulaspeeraggressionJ

B.siblingbullyingisactuallynotamattertoworryabout

C.siblingbullyingismoreharmfulthanpeeraggression

D.siblingbullyingiscloselyrelatedtopeeraggression

解析：解析：根据题干的comparingtheeffects定位到第四段。该段②③句表明同胞欺凌和同伴欺凌一

样都会造成创伤(hadthesameassociationwith…)。A项的harmful意为"有害的”,A项与文意一致,

故为答案。

(4).Itcanbelearnedthatsomeparentsactually.(分数：2.00)

A.aremoretolerantthanthepublicforsiblingfighting

B.regardbullyinginthefamilyassomethingharmful

C.thinkthatbullyingcanhelptheirchildreninawayJ

D.arefondofplayingfavoritesandlabelingchildren

解析：解析：通读全文可以发现parents“家长”的观点在第五段。该段③句提到，有些家长认为小孩争

吵是有益的，可以训练孩子处理矛盾的能力。C项的help是文中beneficial的同义改写，故C项为答案。

(5).Caffarowou1dmostprobablyagreethat.(分数：2.00)

A.parentsareresponsibleformostbullyinginthefamily

B.siblingbullyingismorethancommoninUSfamilies

C.parentsshouldconsciouslyencouragesiblingfighting

D.siblingbullyingneedsproperinterventionfromparentsJ

解析：解析：Caffaro这个名字出现在最后一段。该段④句提到Caffar。的观点“对于他们之间的故意身

体攻击、伤害或羞辱应该严肃对待并及时制止”。也就是说家长应该对待同胞欺凌给予适当的干预，选D

项。

TransatlanticfrictionbetweencompaniesandregulatorshasgrownasEurope*sdataguardianshave

becomemoreassertive.FrancescaBignami,aprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversity'slawschool,

saysthattheexplosionofdigitaltechnologieshasmadeitimpossibleforwatchdogstokeepa

closeeyeoneverywebcompanyoperatingintheirbackyard.Soinsteadtheyarerelyingmoreon

scapegoatingprominentwrongdoersinthehopethatthiswilldeterothers.Butregulatorssuch

asPeterSchaar,whoheadsGermany'sfederaldata-protectionagency,saythegulfisexaggerated.

SomeEuropeancountries,hepointsout,nowhaverulesthatmakecompanieswhosufferbiglosses

ofcustomerdatatoreportthesetotheauthorities.Theinspirationforthesemeasurescomes

fromAmerica.YetevenMr.Schaaradmitsthattheinternet'sglobalscalemeansthattherewi11

needtobechangesonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.HehintsthatEuropemightadoptamoreflexible

regulatorystanceifAmericaweretocreatewhatamountstoanindependentdata-protectionbody

alongEuropeanlines.InEurope,wheretheflagshipDataProtectionDirectivecameintoeffect

in1995,theEuropeanCommissionisconductingareviewofitsprivacypolicies.InAmerica

Congresshasbegundebatinganewprivacybi11andtheFederalTradeCommissionisconsidering

anoverhaulofitsrules.EvenifAmericaandEuropedonarrowtheirdifferences,internetfirms

willstillhavetostrugglewithotherdatawatchdogs.InAsiacountriesthatbelongtoAPECare

tryingtodevelopasetofregionalguidelinesforprivacyrulesunderaninitiativeknownas

theDataPrivacyPathfinder.SomecountriessuchasAustraliaandNewZealandhavelongstanding

privacylaws,butmanyemergingnationshaveyettorolloutfullyfledgedversionsoftheirown.

Mr.PolonetskyseesAsiaas"anewprivacybattleground*,withAmericaandEuropebothkeento

temptcountriestowardstheirownregulatorymodel.Canadaalreadyhassomethingofahybrid

privacyregime,whichmayexplainwhyitsdata-protectioncommissioner,JenniferStoddart,has

beensoinfluentialontheinternationalstage.ShemarshaledthesignatoriesoftheGoogleBuzz

letterandtookFacebooktotasklastyearforbreachingCanada*sdataprivacylaws,whichled

thecompanytochangeitspolicies.MsStoddartarguesthatAmericancompaniesoftentripupon

data-privacyissuesbecauseof“theirbrimmingoptimismthatthewholewor1dwantswhattheyhave

rolledoutinAmerica.Yetthesameoptimismhashelpedtocreateglobalcompaniesthathave

broughthugebenefitstoconsumers,whilealsopresentingprivacyregulatorswithtoughchoices.

Shoehorningsuchfirmsintooldprivacyframeworkswillnotbenefiteitherthemortheirusers.

(分数：10.00)

(1).AccordingtoParagraph1,webwatchdogs.(分数:2.00)

A.arefacedwithtoughchoicestoregulatewebcompanies

B.keepacloseeyeoneveryInternetcompany

C.scapegoatfamouscompaniestokeepothers