《高中备考指南-英语必修1》课件-5.1Unit 4 Natural Disasters

单元话题导入

与其他自然灾害的原因相比，火山只有在即将爆发时才会提供线索。然而现在，随着监测系统的发展，科学家们已经能够开发传感器来更准确地探测和预测火山爆发。气体传感器通过检测释放出的不同气体来检测和预测火山爆发。同时，剑桥大学火山专家Marie

Edmonds与国际组织联系，将这种传感器安装在15座最活跃、最危险的火山上。文章还介绍了Edmonds对火山预测所做的一些其他努力。

Compared

to

other

causes

of

natural

disasters,

volcanoes

offer

clues

only

when

they

are

about

to

erupt.

Now,

however,

developments

in

monitoring

systems

have

allowed

scientists

to

develop

sensors

to

detect

and

forecast

eruptions

more

accurately.

University

of

Cambridge

volcanologist

Marie

Edmonds

says

that

scientists

are

now

able

to

use

very

accurate

sensors

to

monitor

the

gases

volcanoes

give

out,

which

can

give

clues

on

the

location

of

the

magma.

The

sensors

help

with

prediction

because

different

gases

are

released

at

different

stages

of

an

eruption.

When

magma

rises,

pressure

is

released

along

with

gases.

Carbon

dioxide

is

released

early

on

and

then,

as

the

magma

goes

higher,

Sulphur

dioxide

is

released.

The

ratio

of

the

two

gases

is

used

to

detect

the

location

of

magma

relative

to

the

surface,

telling

researchers

the

coming

of

the

eruption.

Edmonds

is

connected

to

an

international

group

known

as

the

Deep

Carbon

Observatory

that

has

worked

to

put

new

gas

sensors

on

fifteen

of

the

most

active

and

dangerous

volcanoes

to

improve

the

forecasting

of

various

types

of

eruptions.

The

gassensors

continually

measure

water

vapour,

sulphur

dioxide,

and

carbon

dioxide.

They

are

placed

inside

large

boxes

with

surface

antennae

and

buried

underground.

Advances

in

electronics

have

increased

their

accuracy

and

lowered

their

cost,

allowing

more

of

them

to

be

used

worldwide.

Putting

these

sensors

atop

active

volcanoes

is

dangerous.Scientists

wear

reflective

suits

that

protect

against

heat，plus

gas

masks

for

protection

from

dangerous

gases.They

sometimes

hike

long

distances

in

remote

areas

toreach

a

site.However，according

to

Edmonds，the

work

they

do

to

save

people's

lives

makes

a

dangerous

job

worth

it.She

enjoys

doing

something

that

helps

people.

Edmonds'team

has

also

attached

sensors

to

a

certain

plane

to

measure

gases

released

from

a

Papua

New

Guinea

volcano

for

a

short

time，a

technique

developed

to

gather"snapshots"of

the

activity.These

snapshots

help

researchers

to

better

understand

activities

that

lead

to

eruptions.根据文章内容，回答问题。1.How

do

sensors

detect

and

predict

volcanic

eruptions？__________________________________By

testing

different

gases

released.2.Why

is

it

risky

to

place

sensors

atop

active

volcanoes？__________________________________There

is

heat

and

dangerous

gases.3.What

can

the

snapshots

do？_______________________________________Collect

more

information

for

researchers.Unit

4

Natural

DisastersPeriod

Ⅰ

Listening

and

Speaking

＆

Reading

and

Thinking

—

Pre-reading单元话题导入课后篇

课时分层训练基础自测1.Translate

the

following

words

and

phrases.①

disaster

n.

______________灾难；灾害②

drought

n.

______________旱灾；久旱③

slide

vi.&

vt.

____________________（使）滑行；滑动④

flood

n.

______________vi.

__________________vt.

__________________洪水；大量淹没；大量涌入使灌满水；淹没⑤

volcanic

eruption

____________火山喷发⑥

rescue

n.&

vt.

______________营救；救援⑦

damage

n.&

vt.

______________损失；损害⑧

survive

vi.

______________vt.

__________________生存；存活幸存；艰难度过⑨

destroy

vt.

______________摧毁；毁灭⑩

death

n.

____________死；死亡⑪.affect

vt.

________________________________影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动⑫.shelter

n.

______________________vt.

______________vi.

______________________避难处；居所；庇护保护；掩蔽躲避（风雨或危险）2.Brainstorming

—

Have

you

ever

experienced

any

natural

disasters？How

many

kinds

of

natural

disasters

do

you

know?_________________________________________________________________________fire,

earthquake,

hurricane,

flood,

landslide,

tsunami,

tornado,

drought,

etc.发音技巧点拨一、听力技巧点拨

听力训练有非常多的形式，例如将听到的词或句子选出来、配对题、真假题、填充题、选择题、补全句子题、图表完成题。在听前，根据标题、图片、问题或选项可以预测听力材料的大体内容。

根据问题和选项进行预测是最常用的方法，一般的听力材料，大多数要求学生回答问题或选择正确答案，这些题目本身便为学生提供了可预测的内容。迅速浏览一下所提出的问题或问题中的选项，便能在听之前了解相当一部分信息。二、清辅音与浊辅音的区别

英语辅音音素分清辅音与浊辅音。发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如/p/，/t/，/k/，/f/，/s/；发音时声带振动的是浊辅音，如/b/，/d/，/g/，/v/，/z/。

英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如/p，b/，/t，d/，/k，g/，/f，v/。英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如/m/，/n/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/

没有对应的清辅音，/h/

没有对应的浊辅音。课文语篇研读1.Discussing

—

What

do

you

think

may

happen

before

an

earthquake?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Predicting

—

Look

at

the

title

and

the

picture

and

predict

what

the

text

is

probably

about.________________________________________A

terrible

earthquake

is

likely

to

happen.

Bright

lights

in

the

sky

may

appear.Animals

may

be

too

nervous

to

eat.Mice

may

run

out

of

holes

looking

for

places

to

hide.Fish

may

jump

out

of

their

pools

and

ponds.Well

walls

may

have

deep

cracks.3.First

reading

—

Match

the

main

idea

with

each

paragraph.4.Second

reading

—

Choose

the

best

answer

according

to

the

text.（1）

When

did

the

earthquake

happen?(

)A.At

night

on

July

28,

1976.

B.On

the

morning

of

July

28,

1976.C.On

the

afternoon

of

July

28,

1976.

D.The

writer

didn’t

tell

us.B（2）

How

many

people

who

lived

there

were

dead

or

injured?(

)A.A

half.

B.Two

thirds.C.One

third.

D.The

text

didn’t

tell

us.B（3）

What

does

the

sentence

“Slowly，the

city

began

to

breathe

again.”

mean?(

)A.The

city

will

not

die;

it

has

hope

and

it

can

recover

from

the

pain.B.The

army

sent

150，000

soldiers

to

Tangshan

to

help

people.C.Hundreds

of

thousands

of

people

were

helped.D.Most

of

the

10，000

miners

were

rescued.A5.Third

reading

—

Fill

in

the

blanks

according

to

the

text.TangshanEarthquakeBefore

the

earthquakeThe

water

in

the

village

wells

①

_______

and

fell

again

and

again.Animals

in

the

farmyards

became

too

②

__________

to

eat.During

the

earthquakeAt

3：42

a.m.

everything

began

to

③

_________.And

hard

hills

of

rock

became

rivers

of

④

_______.Damages

of

the

earthquakeOver

400，000

people

were

killed

or

⑤

__________

in

the

earthquake.

And

nearly

everything

was

⑥

____________.rosenervousshakedirtinjureddestroyedTangshanEarthquakeThe

help

from

the

whole

nationSoldiers

dug

out

those

who

were

⑦

__________

and

buried

the

dead.

Medical

workers

came

to

provide

medical

⑧

_______.

Workers

built

⑨

__________

for

survivors.The

great

success

people

have

achievedThe

new

city

has

taken

on

a

new

look,

with

great

⑩

_______________

in

transportation,

industry,

and

environment.续表trappedcaresheltersimprovements课后篇

课时分层训练合格考过关练Ⅰ.阅读理解A

If

you

have

only

three

minutes

to

get

something

that

you

can

take

from

your

home,

and

the

other

things

are

lost

forever,

what

will

you

take?

The

following

information

will

help

you.

B.O.B.

B.O.B.

is

short

for

Bug

of

Bag

（求生背包）.

It’

s

a

bag

with

a

collection

of

things

that

are

needed

for

life

in

it.

Reasons

to

use

a

B.O.B.

When

disasters

（灾难）

like

earthquakes

and

heavy

rainstorms

happen,

many

people

will

have

to

run

away

from

their

homes

and

they

may

not

return

for

a

long

time.

They

need

to

continue

to

live

without

food,

water

or

a

shelter

in

some

unexpected

situations.

Things

in

a

B.O.B.

1.

A

sleeping

bag,

or

at

least

a

thin

quilt.

2.

Drinking

water.

3.High-calorie

foods,

such

as

chocolate

and

biscuits.

4.

Necessary

medicines.

5.

Something

for

making

a

fire,

and

a

small

pot

to

boil

water

or

cook.

6.

A

few

basic

tools

like

a

knife

and

some

ropes.

7.

A

flashlight.

8.Money.

9.

A

copy

of

all

your

important

papers.

（Be

sure

to

make

a

B.O.B.

as

light

as

possible.）

Places

to

keep

a

B.O.B.

You

should

put

a

B.O.B.

at

a

place

where

you

can

get

it

conveniently

when

disasters

happen.

Your

home,

your

car,

or

your

office

can

be

a

good

place

to

put

it.

A

B.O.B.

is

very

helpful

to

the

people

in

need.

You’

d

better

prepare

more

than

one

B.O.B.

if

possible.

Then

think

of

the

difference

a

B.O.B.

will

make

if

those

disasters

happen.

So

prepare

one

now.1.Many

people

run

away

from

their

homes

with

a

B.O.B.

because

_____.A.they

have

to

save

many

people’

s

livesB.they

have

no

other

useful

things

to

takeC.they

will

be

able

to

return

in

a

short

timeD.they

need

to

continue

to

live

after

disasters

happenD【语篇导读】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍B.O.B.，一种里面装着维持生命所需要的东西的求生背包。细节理解题。根据Reasons

to

use

a

B.O.B.中的“When

disasters

（灾难）

like

earthquakes

and

heavy

rainstorms

happen,

many

people

will

have

to

run

away

from

their

homes…They

need

to

continue

to

live

without

food,

water

or

a

shelter

in

some

unexpected

situations.”可知，人们带着B.O.B.逃离家园是因为灾难发生后，他们需要继续生活。故选D。2.People

should

make

a

B.O.B.

as

_____

as

they

can.A.huge

B.light

C.common

D.heavyB[解析]

细节理解题。根据Things

in

a

B.O.B.中的“Be

sure

to

make

a

B.O.B.

as

light

as

possible.”可知，人们应该尽可能使一个B.O.B.轻一些。故选B。3.According

to

the

text,

“_____”

is

right.A.expensive

things

should

be

put

in

a

B.O.B.safelyB.people

should

take

a

B.O.B.

with

them

everywhereC.it’

s

better

to

prepare

more

than

one

B.O.B.

if

possibleD.people

are

advised

to

put

some

more

clothes

in

a

B.O.B.C[解析]

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A

B.O.B.

is

very

helpful

to

the

people

in

need.

You’

d

better

prepare

more

than

one

B.O.B.

if

possible.

”可知，选项C“如果可能的话，最好准备多个B.O.B.”是正确的。故选C。B

Earthquake

rescue

robots

have

experienced

their

final

tests

in

Beijing.

Their

designers

say

with

these

robots,

rescuers

will

be

able

to

buy

more

time

to

save

lives

during

an

earthquake.

This

robot

looking

like

a

helicopter,

is

called

the

detector-bot.

It’s

about

four

meters

long,

and

it

took

about

four

years

to

develop

the

model.

Its

main

functions

（作用）

are

to

collect

information

from

the

air,

and

send

goods

of

up

to

30

kilos

to

people

trapped

by

an

earthquake.

This

robot

has

a

high

definition

360

degrees

panoramic

（全景）

camera.

It

can

work

day

and

night

and

will

also

be

able

to

send

the

latest

pictures

from

the

quake

area.

Dr.

Qi

Juntong,

Chinese

Academy

of

Science,

said,

“The

most

important

feature

of

this

robot

is

that

it

doesn’t

need

a

distant

control.

We

just

set

the

destination

（目的地）

information

on

it,

and

then

it

takes

off,

and

lands

by

itself.

It

flies

as

high

as

3,000

meters,

and

as

fast

as

100

kilometers

per

hour.”

This

robot

has

a

different

function

—

it

can

change

as

the

environment

changes.

Its

main

job

is

to

search

for

any

signs

of

life

in

places

where

human

rescuers

are

unable

to

go.

As

well

as

a

detector

（探测器）

that

finds

victims

and

detects

poisonous

gas,

a

camera

is

placed

in

the

40

centimeters

long

robot,

which

can

work

in

the

dark.

Another

use

for

the

rescuers

is

the

supply

bot.

With

its

10-meter-long

pipe,

people

who

are

trapped

in

the

ruins,

will

be

able

to

get

supplies

including

oxygen

and

liquids.

Experts

have

said

that

the

robots

will

enter

production,

and

serve

as

part

of

the

national

earthquake

rescue

team

as

soon

as

next

year.4.According

to

the

text,

this

robot

_____.A.hasn’t

been

put

into

production

so

far

B.is

a

machine

with

a

length

of

10

metersC.is

carried

by

the

helicopter

D.weighs

about

30

kilosA【语篇导读】

这是一篇说明文。本文对一款即将投入生产的用于地震救灾的机器人进行了介绍。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Experts

have

said

that

the

robots

will

enter

production”可知，该机器人还未投入生产。故正确答案为A。5.Dr.

Qi

Juntong

thinks

this

robot

is

different

from

the

others

mainly

in

that

_____.A.it

has

a

unique

shapeB.it

has

more

functionsC.it

has

more

advanced

camerasD.it

can

work

by

himself

once

given

the

informationD[解析]

细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The

most

important

feature

of

this

robot

is

that

it

doesn’t

need

a

distant

control.

We

just

set

the

destination

（目的地）

information

on

it,

and

then

it

takes

off,

and

lands

by

itself.”可知答案为D。6.The

underlined

word

“which”

in

Paragraph

6

refers

to

_____.A.a

supply

B.a

rescuer

C.a

camera

D.a

detectorC[解析]

词义猜测题。此处which指代前面句子的主语a

camera。故正确答案为C。7.The

text

is

mainly

about

_____.A.information

about

earthquakes

B.an

introduction

to

the

robotC.what

the

robot

looks

like

D.how

the

robot

is

madeB[解析]

主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一款即将投入生产的用于地震救灾的机器人。故正确答案为B。C

Mandara

seemed

to

know

something

big

was

about

to

happen.

So

she

let

out

a

yell,

caught

hold

of

her

two-year-old

daughter

Kibibi

and

climbed

up

into

a

tree.

She

lives

at

the

National

Zoo

in

Washington,

D.C.

And

on

Tuesday,

August

23rd,

witnesses

said

she

seemed

to

sense

the

big

earthquake

that

shook

much

of

the

East

Coast

before

any

humans

knew

what

was

going

on.

And

she

was

not

the

only

one.

In

the

moments

before

the

quake,

an

orang-utan

（猩猩）

let

out

a

loud

call

and

then

climbed

to

the

top

of

her

shelter.

“It’s

very

different

from

their

normal

call,”

said

Brandie

Smith,

the

zookeeper.

“The

lemurs

（monkey-like

animals

of

Madagascar）

will

sound

an

alarm

if

they

see

or

hear

something

highly

unusual.”

But

you

can’t

see

or

hear

an

earthquake

15

minutes

before

it

happens,

can

you?

Maybe

you

can

—

if

you’re

an

animal.

“Animals

can

hear

above

and

below

our

range

of

hearing,”

said

Brandie

Smith.

“That’s

part

of

their

special

abilities.

They’re

more

sensitive

to

the

environment,

which

is

how

they

survive.”

Primates

weren’t

the

only

animals

that

seemed

to

sense

the

quake

before

it

happened.

One

of

the

elephants

made

a

warning

sound.

And

a

huge

lizard

（蜥蜴）

ran

quickly

for

cover.

The

flamingoes

（a

kind

of

birds）

gathered

before

the

quake

and

stayed

together

until

the

shaking

stopped.

So

what

kind

of

vibrations

were

the

animals

picking

up

in

the

moments

before

the

quake?

Scientist

Susan

Hough

said

earthquakes

produce

two

types

of

waves

—

a

weak

“P”

wave

and

then

a

much

stronger

“S”

wave.

The

“P”

stands

for

“primary”.

And

the

“S”

stands

for

“secondary”.

She

thinks

the

“P”

wave

might

be

what

sets

the

animals

off.

Not

all

the

animals

behaved

unusually

before

the

quake.

For

example,

Smith

said

the

zoo’s

giant

pandas

didn’t

jump

up

until

the

shaking

actually

began.

But

many

of

the

other

animals

seemed

to

know

something

was

coming

before

it

happened.

“I’m

not

surprised

at

all,”

Smith

said.8.Why

did

Mandara

act

strangely

one

day?(

)A.An

earthquake

had

happened.

B.Its

daughter

Kibibi

was

injured.C.It

heard

an

orang-utan

let

out

a

loud

call.D.It

sensed

something

unusual

would

happen.D【语篇导读】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一些动物的震前反应。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mandara

seemed

to

know

something

big

was

about

to

happen.

So…into

a

tree.”可知，正确答案为D。9.According

to

Brandie

Smith,

_____.A.many

animals’

hearing

is

sharpB.earthquakes

produce

two

types

of

wavesC.primates

usually

gather

together

before

a

quakeD.humans

can

also

develop

the

ability

to

sense

a

quakeA[解析]

细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Animals

can

hear

above

and

below

our

range

of

hearing…”可知,动物的听觉很敏锐。故正确答案为A。10.Which

animal

seems

unable

to

sense

a

quake

in

advance?(

)A.A

flamingo.

B.A

giant

panda.

C.A

lemur.

D.A

lizard.B[解析]

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“…Smith

said

the

zoo’s

giant

pandas

didn’t

jump

up

until

the

shaking

actually

began.”可知，大熊猫在地震之前是没有异常反应的。故正确答案为B。11.What

is

the

best

title

for

the

text?(

)A.How

Animals

Survive

a

QuakeB.How

Animals

Differ

from

HumansC.How

Animals

Behave

Before

a

QuakeD.How