土建施工相关的管理规定和标准ManagementRegul

《土建施工相关的管理规定和标准》

ManagementRegulationsandStandardsRelatedtoCivilConstruction（一）施工现场安全生产的管理规定

1.Managementregulationsforsafeproductionatconstructionsites1、施工作业人员安全生产权利和义务的规定(1)Regulationsontherightsandobligationsofconstructionworkerstoworksafely（1）从业人员的权利Rightsofworkers1）签订合法劳动合同权Therighttosignalegallaborcontract2）知情权

Therighttoknow3）建议、批评、检举、控告权Therighttosuggest,criticize,report,complaint4）对违章指挥、强令冒险作业的拒绝权Therightofrefusaltoillegalcommandandforcedriskyoperations5）在有安全危险时有停止作业及紧急撤离权Therighttostopoperationandemergencyevacuationwhenthereisasafetyrisk6）依法获得赔偿权Therightofcompensationaccordingtolaw（2）从业人员的义务Obligationsofworkers1）遵章守规的义务

Theobligationtoabidebytherulesandregulations2）掌握安全知识、技能的义务Theobligationtomastersafetyknowledgeandskills3）安全隐患及时报告的义务Theobligationtoreportsafetyhazardsinatimelymanner2、安全技术措施、专项施工方案和安全技术交底的规定(2)Regulationsonsafetytechnicalmeasures,specialconstructionschemeanddisclosureofsafetytechnologies（1）编制安全技术措施及专项施工方案的规定Regulationsonthecompilationofsafetytechnicalmeasuresandspecialconstructionscheme施工单位应当在施工组织设计中编制安全技术措施和施工现场临时用电方案，对下列达到一定规模的危险性较大的分部分项工程编制专项施工方案，并附具安全验算结果，经施工单位技术负责人、总监理工程师签字后实施，由专职安全生产管理人员进行现场监督：Theconstructionunitshallformulatesafetytechnicalmeasuresandtemporarypowerconsumptionschemeattheconstructionsiteintheconstructionorganizationdesign,andpreparespecialconstructionschemeforthefollowingsub-projectwithhighrisksthathavereachedacertainscale,andattachtheresultsofsafetycheckcalculations.Theprojecttechnicalprincipalandgeneralsupervisionengineersignandimplementit,andthefull-timesafetyproductionmanagementpersonnelconducton-sitesupervision:1）基坑支护与降水工程；Foundationpitsupportanddewateringengineering,2）土方开挖工程；Earthworkexcavationworks,3）模板工程；FormworkEngineering,4）起重吊装工程；Liftingandhoistingengineering,5）脚手架工程；Scaffoldingengineering,6）拆除、爆破工程；Demolitionandblastingworks,7）国务院建设行政主管部门或者其他有关部门规定的其他危险性较大的工程。OtherprojectswithrelativelyhighrisksstipulatedbytheconstructionadministrativedepartmentoftheStateCouncilorotherrelevantdepartments.（2）安全技术交底的规定Provisionsonsafetytechnicaldisclosure建设工程施工前，施工单位负责项目管理的施工员应当对有关安全施工的技术要求向施工作业班组、作业人员作出详细说明，并由双方签字确认。Beforetheconstructionofaconstructionproject,theconstructionworkerresponsiblefortheprojectmanagementoftheconstructionunitshallgiveadetailedexplanationofthetechnicalrequirementsforsafeconstructiontotheconstructionoperationteamandoperators,andthetwopartiesshallsignforconfirmation.3.危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理的规定(3)Provisionsonthesafetymanagementofsub-projectwithhighrisk(1)危险性较大的分部分项工程范围

Thescopeofthesub-projectwithhighrisk危险性较大的分部分项工程是指建筑工程在施工过程中存在的、可能导致作业人员群死群伤或造成重大不良社会影响的分部分项工程.具体包括以下工程：Thesub-projectwithhighriskrefertothesub-projectthatexistduringtheconstructionprocessoftheconstructionproject,whichmayleadtomasscasualtiesofoperatorsorcausemajoradversesocialimpacts.Specifically,itincludesthefollowingprojects:1）基坑支护、降水工程：开挖深度≥3mFoundationpitsupportanddewateringengineering：excavationdepth≥3m2）土方开挖工程：开挖深度≥3m的基坑（槽）Earthexcavationengineering：foundationpit(slot)withexcavationdepth≥3m3）模板工程及支撑体系：模板工程：大模板，滑模，爬模及飞模工程；模板支撑体系：搭设跨度≥10m；施工总荷载≥10kN/m²；搭设高度≥5mFormworkengineeringandsupportsystem:formworkengineering:largeform,slidingform,climbingformandflyingformproject;formworksupportsystem:erectionspan≥10m;totalconstructionload≥10kN/m²;erectionheight≥5m4）起重吊装及安装拆卸工程：采用非常规起重，单件≥10KN）Liftingandinstallationanddismantlingworks:usingunconventionallifting,singlepiece≥10KN)5）脚手架工程：搭设高度≥24m的落地式钢管脚手架工程；附着式整体和分片提升脚手架工程；悬挑式脚手架工程；吊篮脚手架工程；自制卸料平台、移动操作平台工程；新型及异形脚手架工程。Scaffoldingproject:erectionofground-mountedfastenersteelpipescaffoldprojectwithaheightof≥24m;attachedintegralandsegmentedliftingscaffoldproject;cantileverscaffoldproject;hangingbasketscaffoldingproject;self-madeunloadingplatform,mobileoperatingdeckproject;newandspecial-shapedprojectsScaffoldingproject.6）拆除、爆破工程

Demolitionandblastingworks7）其它（建筑幕墙安装、地下暗挖、预应力工程等）Others(buildingcurtainwallinstallation,undergroundexcavation,prestressedengineering,etc.)(2)超过一定规模的危险性较大的分部分项工程范围Thescopeofsub-projectwithhighriskexceedingacertainscale1）深基坑工程：开挖深度≥5m。

Deepfoundationpitengineering:excavationdepth≥5m.2）模板工程及支撑体系：模板工程：滑模，爬模及飞模工程；模板支撑体系：搭设高度≥8m；搭设跨度≥18m；施工总荷载≥15kN/m²；集中线荷载≥20kN/m。Formworkengineeringandsupportsystem:formworkengineering:slidingform,climbingformandflyingform;formworksupportsystem:erectionheight≥8m;erectionspan≥18m;totalconstructionload≥15kN/m²;concentratedlineload≥20kN/m.3）起重吊装及安装拆卸工程：采用非常规设备、方法，且单件起重量≥100kN的起重吊装工程；起重量≥300kN的起重设备安装工程；高度≥200m内爬起重设备的拆除工程。Hoistingandinstallationanddismantlingworks:liftingandhoistingworkswithunconventionalequipmentandmethods,andasingleliftingcapacityof≥100kN;liftingequipmentinstallationworkswithaliftingcapacityof≥300kN;liftingequipmentwithaheightof≥200mDemolition.4）脚手架工程：搭设高度≥50m的落地式钢管脚手架工程；提升高度≥150m的附着式整体和分片提升脚手架工程；架体高度≥20m的悬挑式脚手架工程。Scaffoldingproject:erectionofground-mountedfastenersteelpipescaffoldprojectwithaheightof≥50m;attachedintegralandsegmentedliftingscaffoldingwithaliftingheightof≥150m;cantileverscaffoldwithaframeheightof≥20m.5）拆除爆破工程Demolitionandblastingworks6）其它Others(3)危险性较大的分部分项工程专项方案的内容Contentsofthespecialschemeforsub-projectwithhighrisk危险性较大的分部分项工程安全专项施工方案（以下简称“专项方案”），是指施工单位在编制施工组织（总）设计的基础上，针对危险性较大的分部分项工程单独编制的安全技术措施文件。Thespecialschemeofsafetyofsub-projectconstructionwithhighrisk(hereinafterreferredtoasthe"specialscheme")isarisksafetytechnicalmeasuredocumentthattheconstructionunit,onthebasisofcompilingtheconstructionorganization(general)design,separatelypreparedforthesub-projectwithhighrisk.1）工程概况：危险性较大的分部分项工程概况、施工平面布置、施工要求和技术保证条件。Projectoverview:projectoverview,constructionlayout,constructionrequirementsandtechnicalguaranteeconditionsforsub-projectwithhighrisk.2）编制依据：相关法律、法规、规范性文件、标准、规范及图纸（国标图集）、施工组织设计等。Compilationbasis:relevantlaws,regulations,normativedocuments,standards,specificationsanddrawings(nationalstandardatlas),constructionorganizationdesign,etc.3）施工计划：包括施工进度计划、材料与设备计划。

Constructionplan:includingtheconstructionscheduling,materialandequipmentplan.4）施工工艺技术：技术参数、工艺流程、施工方法、检查验收等。Constructiontechnology:technicalparameters,technologicalprocess,constructionmethod,inspectionandacceptance,etc.

5）施工安全保证措施：组织保障、技术措施、应急预案、监测监控等。Constructionsafetyguaranteemeasures:organizationalguarantee,technicalmeasures,emergencyplans,monitoringandcontrol,etc.

6）劳动力计划：专职安全生产管理人员、特种作业人员。Laborforceplan:full-timesafetyproductionmanagementpersonnel,specialoperationpersonnel.计算书及相关图纸。Calculationsandrelateddrawings专项方案应当由施工单位技术部门组织本单位施工技术、安全、质量等部门的专业技术人员进行审核。经审核合格的，由施工单位技术负责人签字。实行施工总承包的，专项方案应当由总承包单位技术负责人及相关专业承包单位技术负责人签字。Thetechnicaldepartmentoftheconstructionunitshallorganizetheprofessionalandtechnicalpersonneloftheconstructiontechnology,safety,qualityandotherdepartmentsoftheconstructionunittoreviewthespecialscheme.Thosewhopassthereviewshallbesignedbythetechnicalprincipaloftheconstructionunit.Inthecaseofgeneralcontractingofconstruction,thespecialschemeshallbesignedbythetechnicalprincipalofthegeneralcontractorandthetechnicaldirectoroftherelevantprofessionalcontractor.专项方案实施前，编制人员或项目技术负责人应当向现场管理人员和作业人员进行安全技术交底。Beforetheimplementationofthespecialscheme,thepreparationpersonnelorprojecttechnicalprincipalshallmakesafetytechnicaldisclosurestotheon-sitemanagementpersonnelandoperators.（二）建筑工程质量管理的规定

2.Regulationsonqualitymanagementofconstructionprojects1、建筑工程专业质量检测、见证取样检测内容的规定(1)Regulationsonthecontentofprofessionalqualityinspectionandevidentialtestingofconstructionprojects.建设工程质量检测（以下简称质量检测），是指工程质量检测机构（以下简称检测机构）接受委托，依据国家有关法律、法规和工程建设强制性标准，对涉及结构安全项目的抽样检测和对进入施工现场的建筑材料、构配件的见证取样检测。Constructionengineeringqualitytest(hereinafterreferredtoasqualitytest)referstotheconstructionqualityinspectioninstitution(hereinafterreferredtoastheinspectioninstitution)thatacceptstheentrustment,inaccordancewithrelevantnationallaws,regulationsandmandatorystandardsforengineeringconstruction,toconductsamplinginspectionsofprojectsinvolvingstructuralsafetyandconductevidentialtestingofbuildingmaterialsandcomponentsthatentertheconstructionsite.

（1）专业检测的业务内容Businesscontentofprofessionaltesting专业检测的业务内容包括：地基基础工程检测、主体结构工程现场检测、建筑幕墙工程检测、钢结构工程检测。Thebusinesscontentofprofessionaltestingincludes:foundationengineeringtesting,mainstructuralengineeringon-sitetesting,buildingcurtainwallengineeringtesting,andsteelstructureengineeringtesting.（2）见证取样检测的业务内容

Businesscontentofevidentialtesting见证取样检测的业务内容包括：水泥物理力学性能检验；钢筋（含焊接与机械连接）力学性能检验；砂、石常规检验；混凝土、砂浆强度检验；简易土工试验；混凝土掺加剂检验；预应力钢绞线、锚夹具检验；沥青、沥青混合料检验。Thebusinesscontentsofevidentialtestinginclude:cementphysicalandmechanicalpropertyinspection;steelbar(includingweldingandmechanicalconnecting)mechanicalpropertyinspection;sandandstoneroutineinspection;concreteandmortarstrengthinspection;simplegeotechnicaltest;concreteadmixtureinspection;prestressingsteelstrand,anchorclampinginspection;asphalt,asphaltmixtureinspection.（3）检测机构资质标准Qualificationstandardsoftestinginstitutions检测机构是具有独立法人资格的中介机构。检测机构从事本办法附件一规定的质量检测业务，应当依据本办法取得相应的资质证书。Testinginstitutionsareintermediarieswithindependentlegalpersonality.TestinginstitutionsengaginginthequalitytestingbusinessspecifiedinannexIofthesemeasuresshallobtaincorrespondingqualificationcertificatesinaccordancewiththeseMeasures.检测机构资质按照其承担的检测业务内容分为专项检测机构资质和见证取样检测机构资质。Thequalificationsoftestinginstitutionsaredividedintothequalificationsofspecialtestinginstitutionsandthequalificationsofevidentialtestinginstitutionsaccordingtothecontentofthetestingbusinesstheyundertake.检测机构未取得相应的资质证书，不得承担本办法规定的质量检测业务。

Testinginstitutionsthathavenotobtainedthecorrespondingqualificationcertificatesshallnotundertakethequalitytestingbusinessspecifiedinthesemeasures.（4）质量检测试样的取样Samplingofqualitytestspecimen质量检测试样的取样应当在建设单位或工程监理单位监督下现场取样。提供质量检测取样的单位和个人，应当对试样的真实性负责。Thesamplingofqualitytestsamplesshallbetakenon-siteunderthesupervisionoftheconstructionunitorprojectsupervisionunit.Theunitsandindividualsthatprovidesamplesforqualitytestingshallberesponsiblefortheauthenticityofthesamples.见证人员应由建设单位或该工程的监理单位具备见证施工试验知识的专业技术人员担任。Thewitnessesshallbeprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelwhohavetheknowledgeofwitnessingtheconstructiontestfromtheconstructionunitorthesupervisionunitoftheproject.取样人员应在试样或其包装上做出标识、封志，标识和封志应标明工程名称、取样部位、取样日期、样品名称和样品数量，并由见证人员和取样人员签字。见证人员应制作见证记录并将见证记录归入施工技术档案。Thesamplingpersonnelshallmarkandsealthesampleoritspackaging.Theidentificationandsealshallindicatetheprojectname,samplinglocation,samplingdate,samplenameandsamplequantity,andshallbesignedbywitnessesandsamplingpersonnel.

Witnessesshallmakewitnessrecordsandincludetheminconstructiontechnicalfiles.见证取样的试块、试件和材料送检时应由送检单位填写委托单，委托单应有见证人员和送检人员签字。检测单位应检查委托单及试样上的标识和封志，确认无误后方可进行检验。Whenthetestblocks,specimensandmaterialsforwitnesssamplingaresubmittedforinspection,theinspectionunitshallfillintheentrustmentform,andtheentrustmentformshallbesignedbythewitnessandtheinspectionpersonnel.Thetestingunitshouldchecktheidentificationandsealontheentrustmentorderandthesampleandtheinspectioncanonlybecarriedoutafterconfirmation.下列试块、试件和材料必须实施见证取样和送检：Thefollowingtestblocks,specimensandmaterialsmustbesubjectedtowitnesssamplingandinspection:1）用于承受结构的混凝土试块；Concretetestblocksforbearingstructures;2）用于承受墙体的砌筑砂浆试块；Masonrymortartestblocksforbearingwalls;3）用于承受结构的钢筋及连接接头试件；Reinforcingbarsandconnectingjointspecimensforbearingstructures;4）用于承重墙的砖和混凝土小型砌块；Brickandconcretesmallblocksforload-bearingwalls;5）用于拌制混凝土和砌筑砂浆的水泥；Cementformixingconcreteandmasonrymortar;6）用于承重结构的混凝土中使用的掺加剂；Admixturesusedinconcreteforload-bearingstructures;7）地下、屋面、厕浴间使用的防水材料；Waterproofmaterialsusedinunderground,roof,toiletandbathroom;8）国家规定必须实行见证取样和送检的其他试块、试件和材料。Othertestblocks,specimensandmaterialsforwhichwitnesssamplingandinspectionarerequiredbythestate.2、房屋建筑工程质量保修范围、保修期限和违规处罚的规定(2)Provisionsonthescopeofqualitywarranty,warrantyperiodandviolationpenaltiesforhousingconstruction房屋建筑工程质量保修，是指对房屋建筑工程竣工验收后在保修期限内出现的质量缺陷，予以修复。Housingconstructionqualitywarrantyreferstotherepairofqualitydefectsthatoccurwithinthewarrantyperiodafterthecompletionandacceptanceofthehousingconstruction.

房屋建筑工程保修期从工程竣工验收合格之日起计算。Thewarrantyperiodofthehousingconstructionshallbecalculatedfromthedatewhentheprojectiscompletedandpassedtheacceptanceinspection.在正常使用条件下，房屋建筑工程的最低保修期限为：Undernormalconditions,theminimumwarrantyperiodforhouseconstructionis:（1）地基基础工程和主体结构工程，为设计文件规定的该工程的合理使用年限；Forfoundationengineeringandmainstructureengineering,thereasonableservicelifeoftheengineeringspecifiedinthedesigndocument;（2）屋面防水工程、有防水要求的卫生间、房间和外墙面的防渗漏，为5年；5yearsforroofwaterproofingworks,toilets,roomsandexternalwallswithwaterproofrequirementsforanti-leakage;（3）供热与供冷系统，为2个采暖期、供冷期；Theheatingandcoolingsystemconsistsof2heatingperiodsandcoolingperiods;（4）电气管线、给排水管道、设备安装为2年；2yearsfortheinstallationofelectricalconduit,watersupplyanddrainagepipelines,andequipment;（5）装修工程为2年。

2yearsforthedecorationwork.

其他项目的保修期限由建设单位和施工单位约定。

Thewarrantyperiodofotherprojectsshallbeagreedbytheconstructionunitandtheconstructionunit.3、建筑工程质量监督的规定(3)Regulationsonqualitysupervisionofconstructionprojects国务院住房和城乡建设部门负责全国房屋建筑和市政基础设施质量监督管理工作。TheHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentDepartmentoftheStateCouncilisresponsibleforthesupervisionandadministrationofthequalityofhousingconstructionandmunicipalinfrastructureacrossthecountry.县级以上地方人民政府建设主管部门负责本行政区域内工程质量监督管理工作。Thecompetentconstructiondepartmentofthelocalpeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelshallberesponsibleforthesupervisionandmanagementofprojectqualitywithinitsadministrativearea.工程质量监督管理的具体工作可以由县级以上地方人民政府建设主管部门委托所属的工程质量监督机构实施。Thespecificworkofprojectqualitysupervisionandmanagementmaybecarriedoutbythesubordinateprojectqualitysupervisionagenciesentrustedbythecompetentconstructiondepartmentsofthelocalpeople'sgovernmentsatorabovethecountylevel.（三）建筑工程质量验收标准和规范3.Qualityacceptancestandardsandspecificationsforconstructionprojects建筑工程在施工单位自行质量检查评定的基础上，参与建设活动的有关单位共同对检验批、分项、分部、单位工程的质量进行抽样复验，根据相关标准以书面形式对工程质量达到合格与否做出确认。Onthebasisofthequalityinspectionandevaluationoftheconstructionunititself,therelevantunitsparticipatingintheconstructionactivitiesjointlyconductsamplingre-inspectiononthequalityoftheinspectionbatch,sub-item,sub-sectionandunitproject,andaccordingtotherelevantstandardsinwrittenformtoconfirmthequalityoftheprojecttopassornot.建筑工程质量验收应划分为单位（子单位）工程、分部（子分部）工程、分项工程和检验批。Thequalityacceptanceofconstructionprojectsshouldbedividedintounit(sub-unit)projects,divisional(sub-divisional)projects,sub-projectsandinspectionbatches.检验批及分项工程应由监理工程师（建设单位项目技术负责人）组织施工单位项目专业质量（技术）负责人等进行验收。Inspectionbatchesandsub-projectsshallbecheckedandacceptedbythesupervisionengineer(projecttechnicalprincipaloftheconstructionunit)toorganizetheprofessionalquality(technical)personinchargeoftheconstructionunitproject.分部工程应由总监理工程师（建设单位项目负责人）组织施工单位项目负责人和技术、质量负责人等进行验收；Thesubprojectshallbecheckedandacceptedbythegeneralsupervisionengineer(projectleaderoftheconstructionunit)toorganizetheprojectleaderoftheconstructionunitandthepersoninchargeoftechnologyandquality;地基与基础、主体结构分部工程的勘察、设计单位工程项目负责人和施工单位技术、质量部门负责人也应参加相关分部工程验收。Thepersoninchargeofthesurveyprojectofthefoundation,mainstructuresubproject,designunitprojectandtechnicalandqualitydepartmentsoftheconstructionunitshouldalsoparticipateintheprojectacceptanceoftherelevantsubproject.

单位工程完工后，施工单位应自行组织有关人员进行检查评定，并向建设单位提交工程验收报告。Afterthecompletionoftheunitproject,theconstructionunitshallorganizerelevantpersonneltoconductinspectionandevaluation,andsubmittheprojectacceptancereporttotheconstructionunit.建设单位收到工程报告后，应由建设单位（项目）负责人组织施工（含分包单位）、设计、监理等单位（项目）负责人进行单位（子单位）工程验收。Aftertheconstructionunitreceivestheprojectreport,thepersoninchargeoftheconstructionunit(project)shallorganizethepersoninchargeoftheconstruction(includingsubcontractor),design,supervisionandotherunits(projects)toconducttheunit(subunit)projectacceptance.单位工程质量验收合格后，建设单位应在规定时间内将工程竣工验收报告和有关文件，报建设行政管理部门备案。Aftertheunit'sprojectqualityacceptanceisqualified,theconstructionunitshallsubmittheprojectcompletionacceptancereportandrelateddocumentstotheconstructionadministrativedepartmentfortherecordwithinthespecifiedtime.1、混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范(1)Specificationforacceptanceofconstructionqualityofconcretestructureengineering混凝土结构子分部工程可根据结构的施工方法分为两类：现浇混凝土结构子分部工程和装配式混凝土结构子分部工程；根据结构的分类，还可分为钢筋混凝土结构子分部工程和预应力混凝土结构分部工程等。Concretestructuresub-divisionalworkcanbedividedintotwocategoriesaccordingtotheconstructionmethodofthestructure:cast-in-placeconcretestructuresub-divisionalworksandprefabricatedconcretestructuresub-divisionworks;Accordingtotheclassificationofthestructure,itcanalsobedividedintoreinforcedconcretestructuresub-divisionalworkandprestressedconcretestructuressubproject,etc.混凝土结构子分部工程可划分为模板、钢筋、预应力、混凝土、现浇结构和装配式结构等分项工程。Theconcretestructuresub-divisionalworkcanbedividedintosub-projectssuchasformwork,reinforcement,prestressed,concrete,cast-in-placestructureandfabricatedstructure.（1）对跨度不小于4m的现浇钢筋混凝土梁、板，其模板应按设计要求起拱；当设计无具体要求时，起拱高度宜为跨度的1/1000～3/1000。Forcast-in-placereinforcedconcretebeamsandslabswithaspanofnotlessthan4m,theformworkshallbearchedaccordingtothedesignrequirements;whenthereisnospecificdesignrequirement,thearchingheightshouldbe1/1000~3/1000ofthespan.检查数量：在同一检验批内，对梁，应抽查构件数量的10%，且不少于3件；对板，应按有代表性的自然间抽查10%，且不少于3间；对大空间结构，板可按纵、横轴线划分检查面，抽查10%，且不少于3面。Quantityofinspection:Inthesameinspectionbatch,forbeams,10%ofthenumberofcomponentsshouldbechecked,andnolessthan3pieces;fortheboard,10%oftherepresentativenaturalroomsshouldberandomlychecked,andthereshouldbenolessthan3rooms;forlargespacestructure,theboardcanbedividedintoinspectionsurfacesaccordingtotheverticalandhorizontalaxes,10%oftheinspectionsurfaces,andnolessthan3surfaces.（2）现浇结构模板安装的偏差应符合下表4.2.7的规定。

Thedeviationofthecast-in-placestructuralformworkinstallationshallcomplywiththerequirementsinTable4.2.7below.检查数量：在同一检验批内，对梁、柱和独立基础，应抽查构件数量的10%，且不少于3件；对墙和板，应按有代表性的自然间抽查10%，且不少于3间；对大空间结构，墙可按相邻轴线间高度5m左右划分检查面，板可按纵、横轴线划分检查面，抽查10%，且均不少于3面。Quantityofinspection:Inthesameinspectionbatch,forbeams,columnsandindependentfoundations,10%ofthenumberofcomponentsshouldbechecked,andnolessthan3pieces;forwallsandslabs,10%oftherepresentativenaturalspacesshallberandomlychecked,andnolessthan3rooms;Forlargespacestructures,thewallcanbedividedintoinspectionsurfacesaccordingtotheheightbetweenadjacentaxesofabout5m,andthepanelscanbedividedintoinspectionsurfacesaccordingtotheverticalandhorizontalaxes,and10%oftheinspectionsurfacescanberandomlychecked,andtherearenolessthan3surfaces.Table4.2.7.Allowablevariationsandinspectionmethodsfortheinstallationofcast-in-placestructuralformworkProjectAllowablevariation(mm)Testingmethodaxisposition5steelrulerinspectionElevationofbottomformworkuppersurface±5levelorpullwire,steelrulerinspectionsectionInternalDimensionsfoundation±10steelrulerinspectioncolumn、wall、beam+4，-5steelrulerinspectionfloorheightverticality≤5m6theodoliteorhangingwire,steelrulerinspection＞5m8theodoliteorhangingwire,steelrulerinspectionThedifferencebetweenthesurfaceheightsoftwoadjacentboards2Steelrulerinspectionsurfaceflatness52m.checkbyrulerandfeelergaugeNote:Whencheckingthepositionoftheaxis,itshouldbemeasuredalongtheverticalandhorizontaldirections,andtakethelargervalue.（3）对有抗震设防要求的框架结构，其纵向受力钢筋的强度应满足设计要求；当设计无具体要求时，对一、二级抗震等级，检验所得的强度实测值应符合下列规定：Fortheframestructurewithseismicprecutionaryrequirements,thestrengthofthelongitudinalstresssteelbarsshallmeetthedesignrequirements;whentherearenospecificrequirementsinthedesign,forthefirstandsecondseismicgrades,themeasuredstrengthvaluesobtainedfromtheinspectionshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:1）钢筋的抗拉强度实测值与屈服强度实测值的比值不应小于1.25；Theratioofthemeasuredvalueofthetensilestrengthofthesteelbartothemeasuredvalueoftheyieldstrengthshouldnotbelessthan1.25;2）钢筋的屈服强度实测值与强度标准值的比值不应大于1.3；Theratioofthemeasuredyieldstrengthofthesteelbartothestandardstrengthvalueshouldnotbegreaterthan1.3;（4）水泥进场时应对其品种、级别、包装或散装仓号、出厂日期等进行检查，并应对其强度、安定性及其他必要的性能指标进行复验，其质量必须符合现行国家标准《硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥》GB175等的规定。Whencemententersthesite,itsvariety,grade,packagingorbulkwarehousenumber,anddateofdeliveryshouldbechecked,anditsstrength,stabilityandothernecessaryperformanceindicatorsshouldbere-examined.Itsqualitymustconformtothecurrentnationalstandard“silicatecement,ordinaryportlandcement”GB175andotherregulations.当在使用中对水泥质量有怀疑或水泥出厂超过三个月（快硬硅酸盐水泥超过一个月）时，应进行复验，并按复验结果使用。Whenthereisdoubtaboutthequalityofthecementduringuseorthecementhasbeenoutofthefactoryformorethanthreemonths(morethanonemonthforquickhardeningportlandcement),itshouldbere-inspectedandusedaccordingtotheresultsofthere-inspection.钢筋混凝土结构、预应力混凝土结构中，严禁使用含氧化物的水泥。Inreinforcedconcretestructuresandprestressedconcretestructures,theuseofcementcontainingoxidesisstrictlyprohibited.检查数量：按同一生产厂家、同一等级、同一品种、同一批号且连续进场的水泥，袋装不超过200t为一批，散装不超过500t为一批，每批抽样不少于一次。Inspectionquantity:Cementfromthesamemanufacturer,thesamegrade,thesamevariety,andthesamebatchnumberandcontinuouslyenteringthesite,abatchofnotmorethan200tinbags,andabatchofnotmorethan500tinbulk,andsamplingisnotlessthanonceforeachbatch.（5）混凝土浇筑完毕后，应按施工技术方案及时采取有效的养护措施，并应符合下列规定：Aftertheconcreteispoured,effectivemaintenancemeasuresshouldbetakenintimeaccordingtotheconstructiontechnicalplan,andthefollowingrequirementsshouldbemet:1）应在浇筑完毕后的12h以内对混凝土加以覆盖并保湿养护；Theconcreteshouldbecoveredandmaintainedwithmoisturewithin12hoursafterpouring;2）混凝土浇水养护的时间：对采用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥或矿渣硅酸盐水泥拌制的混凝土，不得少于7d；对掺用缓凝型外加剂或有抗渗要求的混凝土，不得少于14d；Concretewateringandcuringtime:forconcretemixedwithportlandcement,ordinaryportlandcementorslagportlandcement,itshallnotbelessthan7days;ofconcreteshallnotbelessthan14days;3）浇水次数应能保护混凝土处于湿润状态；混凝土养护用水应与拌制用水相同；

Thefrequencyofwateringshouldbeabletokeeptheconcreteinawetstate;thewaterusedforconcretecuringshouldbethesameasthemixingwater;4）采用塑料布覆盖养护的混凝土，其敞露的全部表面应覆盖严密，并应保护塑料布内有凝结水；Coverthecuredconcretewithplasticsheet,allexposedsurfacesshouldbecoveredtightly,andtheplasticsheetshouldbeprotectedfromcondensedwater;5）混凝土强度达到1.2N/mm2前，不得在其上踩踏或安装模板及支架。Beforetheconcretestrengthreaches1.2N/mm2,donotsteponorinstallformworkandbracketsonit.（6）后张法预应力工程的施工应由具有相应资质等级的预应力专业施工单位承担。Theconstructionofpost-tensioningprestressedprojectsshallbeundertakenbyprestressedprofessionalconstructionunitswithcorrespondingqualificationlevels.（7）预应力筋张拉机具设备及仪表，应定期维护和检验。张拉设备应配套标定，并配套使用。张拉设备的标定期限不应超过半年。当在使用过程中出现反常现象时或在千斤顶检修后，应重新标定。Thestretchingequipmentforprestressingreinforcement

andinstrumentsshouldberegularlymaintainedandinspected.Thetensioningequipmentshouldbecalibratedandusedtogether.Thecalibrationperiodofthetensioningequipmentshouldnotexceedhalfayear.Whenanabnormalphenomenonoccursduringuseorafterthejackisoverhauled,itshouldbere-calibrated.（8）当钢筋的品种、级别或规格需作变更时，应办理设计变更文件。Whenthevariety,gradeorspecificationofthesteelbarneedstobechanged,thedesignchangedocumentshouldbehandled.（9）在浇筑混凝土之前，应进行钢筋隐蔽工程验收，其内容包括：Beforetheconcreteispoured,theacceptanceofthesteelconcealedworksshouldbecarriedout,whichincludes:纵向受力钢筋的品种、规格、数量、位置等；Thevariety,specification,quantity,location,etc.oflongitudinallystressedsteelbars;钢筋的连接方式、接头位置、接头数量、接头面积百分率等；Theconnectionmethodofthesteelbar,t