2025版高考英语二轮复习限时规范训练五阅读理解-细节理解题

PAGE1-限时规范训练(五)阅读理解——细微环节理解题(限时：20分钟)AWhileit'sthebooksthatmakealibrary,beinginlovelysurroundingsmayprovideinspirationandhelpyoutoworkalittlebitharder.Herearesomeofthecoolestlibrariesoftheworld.TheLibraryofBirmingham—Birmingham,U．K.ThenewLibraryofBirminghamissaidtobenotonlyBritain'sbiggestpubliclibrary,butalsothelargestinEurope.DesignedbyDutcharchitects,thisreplacementfortheBirminghamCentralLibrarywasopenedin2013andhasawealthofresourceswithinitswalls,includingadultandkids'libraries,musiccollections,aShakespeareMemorialRoom,andevenagym.Gardenscrowntheroof,whilethechangingseasonsbringvariationsintheshadowsandreflectionsinside.TheNationalLibraryofFrance—ParisTheNationalLibraryofFrance,whichnowcontainsanastonishingcollectionof30million,datesbacktothe14thcenturyandthisroyallibrarywassetupattheLouvreTheStateLibraryofNewSouthWales—SydneyThepublicStateLibraryofNewSouthWalesholdsthehonorofbeingtheoldestinstitutionofitskindinAustralia.ItwasoriginallysetupastheAustralianSubscriptionLibraryin1826,butitwasn'tuntil1942thatitspermanenthomewasready.DesignedbySydneyarchitectWalterLibertyVernonandcompletedin1910,themagnificentsandstoneMitchellWingisoneofthearchitecturalhighlights.SeattleCentralLibrary—Seattle,SeattleCentralLibrary'sdistinctivedesignensuresitstandsout.ArchitectRemKoolhaasisoneofthenamesattachedtoitsdesign.Architectssoughttoenvelopthe11­storybuildingwith“alayeroftransparency”，usingaskinofglassandmetal.Thepubliclibraryhousesabout1.45millionbooksandotherthings,aswellasmorethan400computersavailableforpublicuse.Thebuilding,whichopenedin2004,wasincludedontheAmericanInstituteofArchitects'listofAmericans'150favoritestructuresin2007.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个世界上最棒的图书馆，重点介绍了这些图书馆的发展历史、图书特点以及规模大小等。1．Whichofthefollowinglibrarieshasthelongesthistory?A．TheLibraryofBirmingham.B．TheNationalLibraryofFrance.C．TheStateLibraryofNewSouthWales.D．SeattleCentralLibrary.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句“TheNationalLibraryofFrance,whichnowcontainsanastonishingcollectionof30million,datesbacktothe14thcenturyandthisroyallibrarywassetupattheLouvrePalacebyKingCharlesV．”可知，法国国家图书馆的历史可以追溯到十四世纪；由此可知，这四个图书馆中法国国家图书馆的历史最长，故B项正确。答案：B2．WhatcanyoudointheLibraryofBirmingham?A．Attendaconcert.B．Actinaplay.C．Takesomeexercise.D．Enjoynewtechnology.解析：推理推断题。依据其次段其次句“DesignedbyDutcharchitects,thisreplacementfortheBirminghamCentralLibrarywasopenedin2013andhasawealthofresourceswithinitswalls,includingadultandkids'libraries,musiccollections,aShakespeareMemorialRoom,andevenagym.”可知，这座由荷兰建筑师设计的图书馆于2013年开放，其内部资源丰富，包括成人和儿童图书馆、音乐作品集、莎士比亚纪念室，甚至健身房。据此可推知，人们可以在伯明翰图书馆里进行体育熬炼，故C项正确。答案：C3．WhatdotheNationalLibraryofFranceandSeattleCentralLibraryhaveincommon?A．Theyhavecomputersavailable.B．Theyweremovedtoanewplace.C．Theywonawardsforarchitecture.D．Theyweredesignedbymorethanoneperson.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段其次句中的“withmajordesignworkcarriedoutbyFrencharchitectsHenriLabrousteand,followinghisdeath,Jean­LouisPascal”和尾段其次句“ArchitectRemKoolhaasisoneofthenamesattachedtoitsdesign.”可知，法国国家图书馆和西雅图中心图书馆的共同之处是它们由不止一名设计师设计完成，故D项正确。答案：DBManyromanticlegends(传闻)havebeeninspiredbySacagawea,theShoshoneIndianwomanwhoaccompaniedLewisandClarkonmuchoftheirexpedition(远征)of1804－1806.OneofPresidentJefferson'smajorpurposesincommissioning(托付)LewisandClarktoexplorethenewlyacquiredLouisianaTerritoryhadbeentheestablishingoffriendlyrelationswithIndiantribes(部落).IndianchiefsweretobegivenJeffersonpeacemedalsatthesehistoricfirstcontactswithwhitemen.Inthewinterof1804,LewisandClarkarrivedintheNorthDakotacountryoftheMandanIndians.LivingamongtheMandanswereaFrenchCanadianfurtrader,TouissaintCharbonneau,andhisyoungIndianwife,Sacagawea.WhentheexpeditionleftMandancountry,thecouplewentwithit.CharbonneauwashiredasaninterpreterandSacagaweacarriedhernewbornbabyonherback.Sacagawea'smainreasonforaccompanyingtheexplorerswasalongingtoseeherownShoshonepeopleagain.Fiveyearsearlier,attheageof12,shewasforcedtoleaveherhome.SacagaweawasofgreatvaluetotheexpeditioninherroleasnegotiatorwithIndiantribes.Clarksaidofher,“SacagaweapersuadesalltheIndianstounderstandourfriendlyintentions.”AcrosstheMissouriRiver,LewisandClarkwerefacedwiththesnow­cappedRockyMountains.Crossingthemwouldbeimpossiblewithouthorses.Goingonahead,LewismetabandofShoshoneIndians.WiththeadvantageofSacagawea'srelationship,theexplorerswereabletoexchangesomeoftheirbelongingsfor29Shoshonehorsesandthejourneycontinued.AcrosstheRockies,thepartybuiltcanoesandfollowedtheColumbiaRivertothePacific.SacagaweawasamongthoseIndianshonoredwiththeprizedJeffersonpeacemedal,evidenceofthefondnessLewisandClarkfeltforher.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了印第安传奇女性Sacagawea。4．WhatwasthepurposeofLewisandClark'sexpedition?A．TolookforJeffersonpeacemedalwinners.B．TostartupafriendshipwiththeIndians.C．Tocollectlocalromanticlegends.D．Tosearchforhiddentreasure.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“commissioningLewisandClarktoexplorethenewlyacquiredLouisianaTerritoryhadbeentheestablishingoffriendlyrelationswithIndiantribes”可知，Lewis和Clark远征的目的是为了与印第安人建立良好关系。答案：B5．WhydidSacagaweatravelwithLewisandClark?A．Shewantedtovisitheroldtribe.B．Shewashiredasaninterpreter.C．Shehadbecomeafriendtothem.D．Shewasanadventure­lover.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Sacagawea'smainreasonforaccompanyingtheexplorerswasalongingtoseeherownShoshonepeopleagain.”可知，Sacagawea伴同Lewis和Clark的主要目的是为了回自己原先所在的部落看一看。答案：A6．AccordingtoClark,whatdidSacagawearepresent?A．Asymbolofpeace.B．Asignofgoodluck.C．Asignalofdirection.D．Aguaranteeagainstfailure.解析：推理推断题。依据第四段中Clark所说的一席话可知，在Clark看来，Sacagawea是和平的象征。答案：A7．WhatdidtheexplorersmanagetodowiththehelpofSacagawea?A．TheypreservedIndiancustoms.B．Theytradedthingsforhorses.C．TheyfoundalostIndiantribe.D．Theylearnttobuildcanoes.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“WiththeadvantageofSacagawea'srelationship,theexplorerswereabletoexchangesomeoftheirbelongingsfor29Shoshonehorsesandthejourneycontinued.”可知，得益于Sacagawea的帮助，远征队才能与印第安人进行物物交易，换到了马匹。答案：BCMostdogownersareconvincedthattheirfour­leggedfriendsknowexactlywhattheymeanwhentheyusecertainwordslike“sit”，“stay”or“treat”.However,researchershavealwayswonderedwhetherdogsreallyunderstandhumanspeechoriftheyrelyonotherinformationtogetthemeaning.Forexample,doestheword“fetch”formapictureofastickorballinthedog'smind,ordoesthedogbringbacktheobjectbasedontheowner'svoiceorgesture?AnewstudybyscientistsatAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityseemstoindicatethat“man'sbestfriend”doesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying.Theresearchersbeganbyaskingtheownersoftwelvedogsofvariouskindstotraintheirpetstoidentifytwotoysofdifferentmaterials,suchasatoyanimalandaball.Oncethedogshadmasteredthetask,theytookturnsinsideaspecialscanner.Theownersthentestedtheirdog'slanguageskillbyfirstcallingoutthenamesofthetoystheyhadbeentrainedtorecognizeandthensayingmeaninglesswordssuchas“bobbu”and“bodmick”whileholdinguprandomobjectsthedogshadn'tseenbefore.Thescanssuggestedthatthepartsofthedogs'brainsresponsibleforprocessingsoundsshoweddifferentbrainpatternswhentheyheardwordstheywerefamiliarwith,comparedwiththeonestheyhadneverheardbefore.Whilethatwasnotenoughtoprovethatthedogswerepicturingtheirtoyswhentheyheardtheword,itdidindicatesomesortofrecognition.Theresearchersbelievethisisanimportantstepinunderstandinghowdogsprocesslanguage.Somethingevenmoreinterestingwasthatthedog'sbrainsshowedahigherlevelofneural(神经的)activityatthesoundofunknownwords.Thisistheexactoppositeofwhathappensinhumanbrains,whichgetmoreactiveatthesoundoffamiliarwords.Theresearcherssaythedogsmaybecomecheerfulatthesoundofnewwordstotrytounderstandtheminthehopeofdelightingtheirmasters.“Dogswanttopleasetheirowners,andperhapsalsowanttoreceivepraiseorfood，”saysEmoryneuroscientistGregoryBerns,seniorauthorofthestudy.However,thoughyourpetmayunderstandhumanspeech,thescientistsrecommendusingvisualsignalsandsmellfortraining.“Whenpeoplewanttoteachtheirdogatrick,theyoftenusespokencommandsbecausethat'swhatwehumansprefer，”Prichardsays.“Fromthedog'sview,however,avisualcommandmightbemoreeffective,helpingthedoglearnthetrickfaster.”[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。一项新的探讨表明，狗的确能理解主子说的话。8．What'sthepurposeofthenewstudy?A．Toconvincedogownerstounderstandtheirdogs.B．Toadvisedogownerstotreattheirdogskindly.C．Toprovedogsfollowowners'orderbylistening.D．Totestouthowdogsgetinformationfromowners.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段尾句“AnewstudybyscientistsatAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityseemstoindicatethat‘man'sbestfriend’doesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里高校的科学家进行的一项新探讨好像表明，“人类最好的挚友”的确知道主子在说什么，并结合全文可知，该探讨的目的是测试狗是如何理解主子的话的，故D项正确。答案：D9．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph2?A．Informtheresultoftheresearch.B．Statetheprocessoftheresearch.C．Stresstheimportanceoftheresearch.D．Introducethesubjectsoftheresearch.解析：写作意图题。依据其次段第一句“Therese