2025年广东省深圳市龙华区第二实验学校中考英语一模试卷

第1页（共1页）2025年广东省深圳市龙华区第二实验学校中考英语一模试卷Ⅰ.完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。1．（10分）TheislandcountryofJapan，locatedontheRingofFire，（1）thousandsofsmallearthquakeseachyear．In1995a6.9magnitudeearthquakeshookacitynamedKobe（神户）．Manypeoplewerekilledorinjuredasaresultofthedamage．ThepeopleofKobefacedmanydifficultproblems，includingshortagesof（2），water，andhousing．Whatlessonsdidscientistslearnfromthisdisaster？Andhowarepeople（3）thenextbigearthquake？Partofpreparationforanearthquakeistomakesurethatbuildingsandotherstructuresare（4）enough，soscientistsandengineersinJapanareworkinghardto（5）constructiontechnology．Japanesescientistsareworkingontheworld'slargestearthquake，"shakingtable"．Newtechnologiesarealsousedtocreate"smart"buildingsthatcangetsurvivedintheearthquake．Manykindsofnewinstrumentshavebeendevelopedtohelpscientists（6）anearthquake．Thereisanewcomputersystemwhichcangivepeopleasmuchasa25﹣second（7）thataquakeiscoming．Inthisway，peoplewillhave（8）timetostoptrains，shutdowngaslines，andtell（9）tostopoperatinginthehospitalandsoon．Althoughearthquakescan（10）becontrolled，yetinthefutureastheforecastingmethodsarebecomingmoreadvanced，peoplewilldealwithsucheventsmoreeffectively．（1）A．experiencesB．causesC．likesD．makes（2）A．moneyB．foodC．computersD．scientists（3）A．waitingforB．thinkingofC．preparingforD．workingon（4）A．tallB．strongC．modernD．new（5）A．improveB．raiseC．teachD．learn（6）A．pickB．protectC．stopD．predict（7）A．newsB．warmingC．suggestionD．warning（8）A．longB．happyC．enoughD．main（9）A．doctorsB．engineersC．teachersD．managers（10）A．seldomB．alwaysC．neverD．sometimesⅡ.阅读第一节阅读理解2．（7.5分）SomeEuropeansmayfindithardtobelievethattheEarthbrokeanewtemperaturerecord.WhilepartsofAmerica，Asia，theMiddleEast，andevenSouthernEuropesuffereddeadlyheatwaves，manyEuropeancountriesexperiencedrecordrainfall.Thismadesummerfeelunusuallycool.TemperaturesinpartsofWesternEuropewasaroundorbelowaverage（平均水平）inJune2024.Butstudiesshowthatworldwide，itwasveryhot.Global（全球的）averageairtemperaturesbrokerecordsontwoconsecutive（连续不断的）days.OnJuly22nd，2024，airtemperaturesreached17.16°C，breakingtherecordof17.09°Csetjustonedaybefore.Therecordof17.08℃hadstoodsinceonlyJuly6th，2023.AmajorinfluenceontheEarth'stemperatureisE1Niño—anaturalphenomenon（现象）thataffectsweatherpatternsworldwide.ElNiñoledtotherecord﹣breakingtemperaturesof2023andhasonlyrecentlycometoanend.OneoftheareasdrivinguptheglobalaveragetemperatureisAntarctica.TemperaturesaroundtheSouthPolearemuchhigherthanusual.Onerecordseldomcomesalone.In2023，globaltemperaturesreachedanewhighforfourconsecutivedays.AccordingtoreportsfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration（NOAA）andGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies（GISS），inJune2016，theEarth'slandandoceansurfaceswerewarmerthaneverbeforefor14consecutivemonths.Thiswasthe378thconsecutivemonthwheretemperatureswerehigherthantheaverageforthe20thcentury.OnOct28th，2024，theWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationputoutareportthatshowsgreenhousegaslevelsreachedanewrecordhighin2023.ThismeanstheEarthwillfacerisingtemperaturesformanyyearstocome.It'sabigproblemthatneedstobeaddressedsothatwecanprotectourplanetforthefuture.（1）HowdosomeEuropeansfeelaboutthenewtemperaturerecord？A.Worried.B.Hopeful.C.Interested.D.Doubtful.（2）Howlongdidtherecordof17.08℃last？A.Lessthanaweek.B.Aboutamonth.C.About10months.D.Aboutayear.（3）WhatdoesthepassageshowaboutElNiño？A.Itneverends.B.Ithasjustgone.C.Itwillstartsoon.D.Itisgettingstronger.（4）Whatcanweknowfromthepassage？A.BothNOAAandGISShavealonghistory.B.TheSouthPoleismuchhotterthanitusuallyis.C.ManycountriesareworkingtogethertoprotecttheEarth.D.Thetemperaturein2024ismuchhigherthanthatof2023.（5）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？A.10comparehotyears.B.ToexplainElNiñoeffects.C.Toreportglobaltemperatures.D.TodescribeEurope'sweather.3．（7.5分）Almostallofushavetheminourbodies.Theyaccumulatethroughoutourlivesandtheymaybecausingserioushealthproblems.They'vebeencalled"foreverchemicals"，butwhatarethey，wheredotheycomefrom，andwhatcanwedoaboutthem？"Foreverchemicals"arenamedfortheircarbon﹣fluorinebonds（碳氟键），whichmakethemlastforaverylongtime，ifnotforever.Thesechemicalbondsbetweenfluorineandcarbonatoms（原子）areveryhardtopullapart，whichmeansthatthesechemicalsincreaseovertimeinourenvironment.Theyhavebeenfoundinthesoil，indrinkingwater，andeveninourbodies.Someofthesechemicalsarenotallowedtobeusedanymore，butthesechemicalshavebeenusedinalotofconsumerproducts.Theydon'tmixwellwithoilorwater，sotheyhavebeenusedtokeepthingscleananddry.Youcouldfindtheminthingslikenon﹣stickpans（不粘锅），foodcontainers，waterproofclothes，andevenbikelubricants.Peopleareworriedaboutthesechemicalsbeingincosmetics（化妆品）andotherpersonalcareproducts，becausethosethingstouchoureyesandmouths，makingiteasierforthechemicalstogetintoourbodies.We'renotsureexactlyhowdangerousthesechemicalsare，butsomestudiessuggesttheymightcauseproblemslikeseriousdiseases，troublehavingbabies，problemswithchildren'sdevelopment，andaweakerimmune（免疫的）system.Wedon'tyetknowthelevelofthesechemicalsthatcancauseillness.Itmaybeimpossibletocompletelyavoidthesechemicals，butwecantakestepstohavelessofthemaroundus.Wecanusethingslikeairfiltersandwaterfilterstocleantheairandwater.Wecanalsokeepourhomescleansothereisn'ttoomuchdust.Inaddition，wecanlookcarefullyatwhat'sincosmeticsandcheckwhat'sinfurniturebeforewebuythem.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"accumulate"inParagraph1mean？A.Breakdown.B.Speedup.C.Buildup.D.Movearound.（2）Whymightbreakingdownthechemicalsbechallenging？A.Theyaretoosmalltosee.B.Theirbondsareeasytoform.C.Theydon'thavesmellorcolor.D.Theirbondsarehardtoseparate.（3）Whyarethechemicalswidelyused？A.Theyarecheaptoproduce.B.Theybringconveniencetolife.C.Theyarecommonlyfoundinnature.D.Theycanbetakentootherplaceseasily.（4）Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutstayingawayfromthesechemicals？A.It'snotworthtryingtoavoidthem.B.Wemaynotbeabletokeepthemaway.C.It'simportanttoavoidthemcompletely.D.Wecaneasilykeepthemoutofourlives.（5）What'sthebesttitleforthepassage？A.Foreverchemicals：amysteryB.Foreverchemicals：healthrisksC.Foreverchemicals：easysolutionsD.Foreverchemicals：notaproblem第二节阅读填空以下是一篇短文，请阅读全文并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文意思完整、连贯。（其中有一项为多余项）4．（10分）Floodscanhappenquicklyandwithoutmuchwarninginmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Survivingafloodmeansbeingreadyandknowingwhattodowhenthedisasterhappens.（1）Leavedangerousareasimmediately.（2）Actquicklyandheadtosafeplacesduringfloodwarnings.Whenemergencyservicestellyoutoleave，listentotheirinstructions.（3）Whetheryouareonfootorhavetoleaveyourcar，highergroundisyourbestchoice.Getawayfromareaswithponds，streams，orrivers.Ifyou'restuckathome，headfortheroofifyoucandososafely.Avoidcrossingthroughwater.Wateruptoyourankles（踝关节）isenoughtobedangerous.Youcannotseehowdeepthewaterisfortherestoftheway.Sixinches（15.24cm）ofwaterisenoughtoreachthebottomofcarsandcausetheenginetostop.（4）Stayoutofmovingwater.（5）Itisusuallystrongerthanitappears.Mostflooddeathscomefrompeopletryingtodrivethroughwater.Trytofindsomethingtoholdonto，suchasastrongbranchorroof.Swimbackwardstosurvivemovingwater.Turnoveronyourbackinsteadoffightingthewater.Keepyourfeetpositioned（使处于）upstream，usingthemtopushawayfromobstacles（障碍物）floatingwithyou.Don'triskit.Onceyoudothis，pointyourfeetdownstreamandcallforhelp.A.Nevertrycrossingstandingwater.B.Movetohighergroundawayfromwater.C.12incheswillmakemostcarsfloataway.D.Movingwaterisneversafetogetcloseto.E.Herearethingsyoumustknowtostaysafe.F.Youmayhaveonlyashorttimetorunaway.Ⅲ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。如没有给单词，则填虚词。5．（1分）Thevillagewill（flood）ifitgoesonrainingheavily.6．（1分）Mymobilephoneis（die）thismorningsoIcannothaveclassesonline.7．（1分）Stay（wake）atnight，orthethieveswouldcome.8．（1分）Itrainedheavily.Even（bad），Iforgottotakeanumbrella.9．（1分）Weallknowheisthegreatestscientist（live）intheworldnow.10．（1分）Ican'tunderstandthepassage（proper）withouttheteacher'sinstruction.11．（1分）Almostallthestudentsare（concern）abouttheirfinalexam.12．（1分）Idon'treallyknow.I'mjust（guess）.13．（1分）Manyhomeswere（destroy）intheflood.14．（1分）Weshouldtrytofinda（solve）tothisproblem.15．（1分）His（increase）financialdifficultiesforcedhimtotakeactions.16．（1分）Whenthingsgowrong，allofus（natural）feeldisappointedandfrustrated.17．（1分）Ourschoolhasdifferentbinsfor（recycle）wasteproducts.18．（1分）Marsisthoughttobea（life）planet.19．（1分）Theboydreamedabout（become）aherothatnight.Ⅳ.语篇语法填空。根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。20．（10分）Manypeoplebelievethattheenvironmentisbeingdestroyed，andtheythinkthisisanewproblem.Theybelievewearehurtingnaturebecausetherearetoomanypeople（1）weusetoomanythings.ThisistrueforsomeproblemsliketheEarthgetting（2）（hot）thanitwasinthepast.Butdeforestationhasbeenhappeningforcenturies.Onechart（图表）showshowthelandonEarthhaschangedoverthepast10，000years.Itshowsthatonly71%oftheEarth'slandisgoodforlivingthings.Therestismostlyice，deserts，orotherplaces（3）areunsuitable（不合适的）forlife.Italsoshowsthat10，000yearsago，57%oftheworld'slivableland（4）（cover）inforest.Today，only40%isleft.Wehavelostone﹣thirdoftheworld'sforests，anareatwiceasbig（5）theUnitedStates!Welostonlyasmallamountofforestinthefirst5，000years.Atthattime，therewereveryfewpeopleintheworld.Theyneededalotofland（6）（grow）enoughfood，buttherewasn'tmuchdemand（需要）forforests.Theworldlosthalfof（7）（it）forestsinthelast100years.Thisis（8）sameamountofforestthatwaslostfrom8，000BCto1900.（9）（cut）downtreesisnotnew，butithasworsenedrecently.Whileweneedlandforfarming，newtechnologymayhelpusgrowmorefoodonlessland，whichcouldhelptosaveforestsforeveryone.However，weneedtotake（10）（act）now.Ⅴ.书面表达。21．（15分）假如你是学生李华，为了迎接即将到来的世界气象日，你所在的班级举办了题目为"Howtobecomegreener"的英文征文活动，倡导绿色环保生活，请你根据以下提示写一篇短文。提示：1.不环保现象，浪费、污染等（至少两点）；2.你的做法；3.倡议。

2025年广东省深圳市龙华区第二实验学校中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Ⅰ.完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。1．（10分）TheislandcountryofJapan，locatedontheRingofFire，（1）Athousandsofsmallearthquakeseachyear．In1995a6.9magnitudeearthquakeshookacitynamedKobe（神户）．Manypeoplewerekilledorinjuredasaresultofthedamage．ThepeopleofKobefacedmanydifficultproblems，includingshortagesof（2）B，water，andhousing．Whatlessonsdidscientistslearnfromthisdisaster？Andhowarepeople（3）Cthenextbigearthquake？Partofpreparationforanearthquakeistomakesurethatbuildingsandotherstructuresare（4）Benough，soscientistsandengineersinJapanareworkinghardto（5）Aconstructiontechnology．Japanesescientistsareworkingontheworld'slargestearthquake，"shakingtable"．Newtechnologiesarealsousedtocreate"smart"buildingsthatcangetsurvivedintheearthquake．Manykindsofnewinstrumentshavebeendevelopedtohelpscientists（6）Danearthquake．Thereisanewcomputersystemwhichcangivepeopleasmuchasa25﹣second（7）Dthataquakeiscoming．Inthisway，peoplewillhave（8）Ctimetostoptrains，shutdowngaslines，andtell（9）Atostopoperatinginthehospitalandsoon．Althoughearthquakescan（10）Cbecontrolled，yetinthefutureastheforecastingmethodsarebecomingmoreadvanced，peoplewilldealwithsucheventsmoreeffectively．（1）A．experiencesB．causesC．likesD．makes（2）A．moneyB．foodC．computersD．scientists（3）A．waitingforB．thinkingofC．preparingforD．workingon（4）A．tallB．strongC．modernD．new（5）A．improveB．raiseC．teachD．learn（6）A．pickB．protectC．stopD．predict（7）A．newsB．warmingC．suggestionD．warning（8）A．longB．happyC．enoughD．main（9）A．doctorsB．engineersC．teachersD．managers（10）A．seldomB．alwaysC．neverD．sometimes【解答】（1）A考查动词，experience经历，cause导致，like喜欢，make使得，根据句意，日本的岛国坐落在火山带上，每年都要经历成千上万的小地震．故选A．（2）B考查名词，money钱，food食物，computer计算机，scientist科学家，根据句意，神户的人们面临许多困境，包括食物、水和住房的短缺．故选B．（3）C考查动词短语，waitfor等待，thinkof认为，preparefor准备，workon致力于，结合下文Partofpreparationforanearthquakeistomakesurethatbuildingsandotherstructuresareenough，地震准备的部分就是确保楼和其他建筑物足够坚固．判断本句句意，人们如何为下一次的大地震做准备？故选C．（4）B考查形容词，tall高的，strong强壮的，modern现代的，new新的，根据句意，地震准备的部分就是确保楼和其他建筑物足够坚固，所以日本的科学家和工程师正在努力提升建筑科技．故选B．（5）A考查动词，improve提升，raise升起，teach教，learn学习，根据句意，地震准备的部分就是确保楼和其他建筑物足够坚固，所以日本的科学家和工程师正在努力提升建筑科技．故选A．（6）D考查动词，pick捡，protect保护，stop停止，predict预测，根据句意，许多新的仪器已经发展以帮助科学家预测一场地震．故选D．（7）D考查名词，news新闻，warming热身，suggestion建议，warning警告，根据句意，有一项新的计算机系统可以给人们以25秒的时间警告人们地震来了．故选D．（8）C考查形容词，long长的，happy高兴的，enough足够的，main主要的，根据句意，用这种方法，人们将会有足够的时间停下火车、关掉煤气管道、并且告诉在医院的医生停止手术等等．故选C．（9）A考查名词，doctor医生，engineer工程师，teacher老师，manager经理，根据句意，用这种方法，人们将会有足够的时间停下火车、关掉煤气管道、并且告诉在医院的医生停止手术等等．故选A．（10）C考查频度副词，seldom很少，always一直，总是，never根本不，sometimes有时，根据句意，虽然地震根本不可控，但是未来预测的方法会变得更先进，人们将更有效地处理此类事件．故选C．Ⅱ.阅读第一节阅读理解2．（7.5分）SomeEuropeansmayfindithardtobelievethattheEarthbrokeanewtemperaturerecord.WhilepartsofAmerica，Asia，theMiddleEast，andevenSouthernEuropesuffereddeadlyheatwaves，manyEuropeancountriesexperiencedrecordrainfall.Thismadesummerfeelunusuallycool.TemperaturesinpartsofWesternEuropewasaroundorbelowaverage（平均水平）inJune2024.Butstudiesshowthatworldwide，itwasveryhot.Global（全球的）averageairtemperaturesbrokerecordsontwoconsecutive（连续不断的）days.OnJuly22nd，2024，airtemperaturesreached17.16°C，breakingtherecordof17.09°Csetjustonedaybefore.Therecordof17.08℃hadstoodsinceonlyJuly6th，2023.AmajorinfluenceontheEarth'stemperatureisE1Niño—anaturalphenomenon（现象）thataffectsweatherpatternsworldwide.ElNiñoledtotherecord﹣breakingtemperaturesof2023andhasonlyrecentlycometoanend.OneoftheareasdrivinguptheglobalaveragetemperatureisAntarctica.TemperaturesaroundtheSouthPolearemuchhigherthanusual.Onerecordseldomcomesalone.In2023，globaltemperaturesreachedanewhighforfourconsecutivedays.AccordingtoreportsfromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration（NOAA）andGoddardInstituteforSpaceStudies（GISS），inJune2016，theEarth'slandandoceansurfaceswerewarmerthaneverbeforefor14consecutivemonths.Thiswasthe378thconsecutivemonthwheretemperatureswerehigherthantheaverageforthe20thcentury.OnOct28th，2024，theWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationputoutareportthatshowsgreenhousegaslevelsreachedanewrecordhighin2023.ThismeanstheEarthwillfacerisingtemperaturesformanyyearstocome.It'sabigproblemthatneedstobeaddressedsothatwecanprotectourplanetforthefuture.（1）HowdosomeEuropeansfeelaboutthenewtemperaturerecord？DA.Worried.B.Hopeful.C.Interested.D.Doubtful.（2）Howlongdidtherecordof17.08℃last？DA.Lessthanaweek.B.Aboutamonth.C.About10months.D.Aboutayear.（3）WhatdoesthepassageshowaboutElNiño？BA.Itneverends.B.Ithasjustgone.C.Itwillstartsoon.D.Itisgettingstronger.（4）Whatcanweknowfromthepassage？BA.BothNOAAandGISShavealonghistory.B.TheSouthPoleismuchhotterthanitusuallyis.C.ManycountriesareworkingtogethertoprotecttheEarth.D.Thetemperaturein2024ismuchhigherthanthatof2023.（5）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？CA.10comparehotyears.B.ToexplainElNiñoeffects.C.Toreportglobaltemperatures.D.TodescribeEurope'sweather.【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段"SomeEuropeansmayfindithardtobelievethattheEarthbrokeanewtemperaturerecord."（一些欧洲人可能很难相信地球打破了新的气温纪录。）可知，一些欧洲人很难相信地球打破了新的温度记录，即一些欧洲人对新的温度记录持怀疑态度。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段"OnJuly22nd，2024，airtemperaturesreached17.16°C，breakingtherecordof17.09°Csetjustonedaybefore.Therecordof17.08℃hadstoodsinceonlyJuly6th，2023."（2024年7月22日，气温达到17.16摄氏度，打破了天刚刚创下的17.09摄氏度的纪录。而17.08摄氏度的纪录自2023年7月6日以来一直保持着。）可知，17.08℃的记录从2023年7月6日一直持续到2024年7月20日。即这一记录保持了一年多。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段"ElNiñoledtotherecord﹣breakingtemperaturesof2023andhasonlyrecentlycometoanend."（厄尔尼诺现象导致了2023年的破纪录高温，且最近才结束。）可知，厄尔尼诺现象刚刚结束。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据第三段"TemperaturesaroundtheSouthPolearemuchhigherthanusual."（南极周围的气温比往常高得多。）可知，南极洲比往常更热。故选B。（5）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕全球气温创下新纪录的情况展开，并分析了其背后的原因。由此可知，文章的主要目的是报告全球气温情况。故选C。3．（7.5分）Almostallofushavetheminourbodies.Theyaccumulatethroughoutourlivesandtheymaybecausingserioushealthproblems.They'vebeencalled"foreverchemicals"，butwhatarethey，wheredotheycomefrom，andwhatcanwedoaboutthem？"Foreverchemicals"arenamedfortheircarbon﹣fluorinebonds（碳氟键），whichmakethemlastforaverylongtime，ifnotforever.Thesechemicalbondsbetweenfluorineandcarbonatoms（原子）areveryhardtopullapart，whichmeansthatthesechemicalsincreaseovertimeinourenvironment.Theyhavebeenfoundinthesoil，indrinkingwater，andeveninourbodies.Someofthesechemicalsarenotallowedtobeusedanymore，butthesechemicalshavebeenusedinalotofconsumerproducts.Theydon'tmixwellwithoilorwater，sotheyhavebeenusedtokeepthingscleananddry.Youcouldfindtheminthingslikenon﹣stickpans（不粘锅），foodcontainers，waterproofclothes，andevenbikelubricants.Peopleareworriedaboutthesechemicalsbeingincosmetics（化妆品）andotherpersonalcareproducts，becausethosethingstouchoureyesandmouths，makingiteasierforthechemicalstogetintoourbodies.We'renotsureexactlyhowdangerousthesechemicalsare，butsomestudiessuggesttheymightcauseproblemslikeseriousdiseases，troublehavingbabies，problemswithchildren'sdevelopment，andaweakerimmune（免疫的）system.Wedon'tyetknowthelevelofthesechemicalsthatcancauseillness.Itmaybeimpossibletocompletelyavoidthesechemicals，butwecantakestepstohavelessofthemaroundus.Wecanusethingslikeairfiltersandwaterfilterstocleantheairandwater.Wecanalsokeepourhomescleansothereisn'ttoomuchdust.Inaddition，wecanlookcarefullyatwhat'sincosmeticsandcheckwhat'sinfurniturebeforewebuythem.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"accumulate"inParagraph1mean？CA.Breakdown.B.Speedup.C.Buildup.D.Movearound.（2）Whymightbreakingdownthechemicalsbechallenging？DA.Theyaretoosmalltosee.B.Theirbondsareeasytoform.C.Theydon'thavesmellorcolor.D.Theirbondsarehardtoseparate.（3）Whyarethechemicalswidelyused？BA.Theyarecheaptoproduce.B.Theybringconveniencetolife.C.Theyarecommonlyfoundinnature.D.Theycanbetakentootherplaceseasily.（4）Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutstayingawayfromthesechemicals？BA.It'snotworthtryingtoavoidthem.B.Wemaynotbeabletokeepthemaway.C.It'simportanttoavoidthemcompletely.D.Wecaneasilykeepthemoutofourlives.（5）What'sthebesttitleforthepassage？BA.Foreverchemicals：amysteryB.Foreverchemicals：healthrisksC.Foreverchemicals：easysolutionsD.Foreverchemicals：notaproblem【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据第一段"Theyaccumulatethroughoutourlivesandtheymaybecausingserioushealthproblems."（它们在我们一生中积累并且可能导致严重的健康问题。），"accumulate"应该是"积累"的意思，与Buildup"增强，积累"意思相近。故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段"Thesechemicalbondsbetweenfluorineandcarbonatoms（原子）areveryhardtopullapart，whichmeansthatthesechemicalsincreaseovertimeinourenvironment."（氟和碳原子之间的这些化学键很难拉开，这意味着这些化学物质在我们的环境中随着时间的推移而增加。）可知，分解这些化学物质具有挑战性是因为它们的化学键很难分离。故选D。（3）细节理解题。根据第三段"Theydon'tmixwithoilorwater，sotheyhavebeenusedtokeepthingscleananddry.Youcouldfindtheminthingslikenon﹣stickpans（不粘锅），foodcontainers，waterproofclothes，andevenbikelubricants."（它们不与油或水混合，所以它们被用来保持东西清洁和干燥。你可以在不粘锅、食品容器、防水衣服甚至自行车润滑剂中找到它们。）可知，这些化学物质被广泛使用是因为它们给生活带来了便利。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段"Itmaybeimpossibletocompletelyavoidthesechemicals，butwecantakestepstohavelessofthemaroundus."（完全避免这些化学物质可能是不可能的，但我们可以采取措施减少我们周围的这些化学物质）可知，作者认为我们可能无法远离它们。故选B。（5）标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了"永远的化学物质"，包括它们的特性、来源、用途，以及对健康可能造成的风险，还提到了难以完全避免但可以采取措施减少接触，B选项"永远的化学物质：健康风险"能概括文章主要内容。故选B。第二节阅读填空以下是一篇短文，请阅读全文并从下列方框里的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文意思完整、连贯。（其中有一项为多余项）4．（10分）Floodscanhappenquicklyandwithoutmuchwarninginmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Survivingafloodmeansbeingreadyandknowingwhattodowhenthedisasterhappens.（1）ELeavedangerousareasimmediately.（2）FActquicklyandheadtosafeplacesduringfloodwarnings.Whenemergencyservicestellyoutoleave，listentotheirinstructions.（3）BWhetheryouareonfootorhavetoleaveyourcar，highergroundisyourbestchoice.Getawayfromareaswithponds，streams，orrivers.Ifyou'restuckathome，headfortheroofifyoucandososafely.Avoidcrossingthroughwater.Wateruptoyourankles（踝关节）isenoughtobedangerous.Youcannotseehowdeepthewaterisfortherestoftheway.Sixinches（15.24cm）ofwaterisenoughtoreachthebottomofcarsandcausetheenginetostop.（4）CStayoutofmovingwater.（5）DItisusuallystrongerthanitappears.Mostflooddeathscomefrompeopletryingtodrivethroughwater.Trytofindsomethingtoholdonto，suchasastrongbranchorroof.Swimbackwardstosurvivemovingwater.Turnoveronyourbackinsteadoffightingthewater.Keepyourfeetpositioned（使处于）upstream，usingthemtopushawayfromobstacles（障碍物）floatingwithyou.Don'triskit.Onceyoudothis，pointyourfeetdownstreamandcallforhelp.A.Nevertrycrossingstandingwater.B.Movetohighergroundawayfromwater.C.12incheswillmakemostcarsfloataway.D.Movingwaterisneversafetogetcloseto.E.Herearethingsyoumustknowtostaysafe.F.Youmayhaveonlyashorttimetorunaway.【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据上文"Survivingafloodmeansbeingreadyandknowingwhattodowhenthedisasterhappens."（在洪水中幸存意味着做好准备，知道灾难发生时该做什么。）可知，此处要填写一句话能引出下文在洪水中保持安全的方法。选项E"以下是为了保持安全你必须知道的事情。"符合语境。故选E。（2）细节推理题。根据上文"Leavedangerousareasimmediately."（立即离开危险区域。）和下文"Actquicklyandheadtosafeplacesduringfloodwarnings."（洪水警报期间，迅速行动，前往安全的地方。）可知，此处与离开危险区域的时间有关。选项F"你可能只有很短的时间可以逃跑。"符合语境。故选F。（3）细节推理题。根据下文"Whetheryouareonfootorhavetoleaveyourcar，highergroundisyourbestchoice."（无论你是步行还是不得不下车，地势较高的地方是你最好的选择。）可知，此处与往高处逃离有关。选项B"移动到远离水的高地。"符合语境。故选B。（4）细节推理题。根据上文"Sixinches（15.24cm）ofwaterisenoughtoreachthebottomofcarsandcausetheenginetostop."（6英寸（15.24厘米）的水足以到达汽车底部，导致发动机停止运转。）可知，此处与汽车和水深有关。选项C"12英寸可以让大多数汽车飘走。"符合语境。故选C。（5）细节推理题。根据上文"Stayoutofmovingwater."（远离流动的水。）可知，此处与流动的水有关。选项D"靠近流动的水是不安全的。"符合语境。故选D。Ⅲ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。如没有给单词，则填虚词。5．（1分）Thevillagewillbeflooded（flood）ifitgoesonrainingheavily.【解答】flood淹没，动词；根据题干可知，主语"thevillage（村庄）"与谓语动词"flood（淹没）"之间是被动关系，空处用被动语态；本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循"主将从现"原则，所以这里应用一般将来时的被动语态：willbedone，表示"将被……"。故填：beflooded。6．（1分）Mymobilephoneisdead（die）thismorningsoIcannothaveclassesonline.【解答】die死，动词。这里is系动词，系表结构，填形容词dead"用尽的"，作表语，表示状态。故答案为：dead。7．（1分）Stayawake（wake）atnight，orthethieveswouldcome.【解答】wake醒，动词。stayawake"保持清醒"，填形容词awake"醒着的"，作表语。故答案为：awake。8．（1分）Itrainedheavily.Evenworse（bad），Iforgottotakeanumbrella.【解答】空格处位于even之后，应填副词的比较级形式，修饰没有带伞这件事。bad"糟糕的"，形容词，副词为badly"糟糕地"，其比较级为worse。故填：worse。9．（1分）Weallknowheisthegreatestscientistliving（live）intheworldnow.【解答】此处需用现在分词living"当今"作后置定语，修饰名词scientist，表示"目前在世的科学家"。故填：living。10．（1分）Ican'tunderstandthepassageproperly（proper）withouttheteacher'sinstruction.【解答】根据题干可知，空处修饰动词understand，需填副词。proper"正确的"，形容词，副词为properly"正确地"。故答案为：properly。11．（1分）Almostallthestudentsareconcerned（concern）abouttheirfinalexam.【解答】根据句意及所给单词提示，concern关心，是动词，concerned关心的，是形容词。beconcernedabout"关心"。故填：concerned。12．（1分）Idon'treallyknow.I'mjustguessing（guess）.【解答】根据题干"I'mjust"（我只是）可知，此处表示动作正在进行，用现在进行时，结构为amdoing，空处填动词的现在分词。guess"猜测"，动词，现在分词为guessing。故填：guessing。13．（1分）Manyhomesweredestroyed（destroy）intheflood.【解答】destroy，动词，毁坏。观察可知主语Manyhomes（很多房屋）与destroy（毁坏）是被动关系，因此空处用过去分词与were构成一般过去时的被动语态。故填：destroyed。14．（1分）Weshouldtrytofindasolution（solve）tothisproblem.【解答】solve解决，动词。空前不定冠词a修饰单数名词solution"解决方法"。故答案为：solution。15．（1分）Hisincreasing（increase）financialdifficultiesforcedhimtotakeactions.【解答】increase增长，动词。这里修饰名词financialdifficulties"经济困难"，应填形容词increasing"增长的"，作定语。故答案为：increasing。16．（1分）Whenthingsgowrong，allofusnaturally（natural）feeldisappointedandfrustrated.【解答】natural自然的，形容词。这里修饰动词feel"感到"，用副词naturally"自然地"。故答案为：naturally。17．（1分）Ourschoolhasdifferentbinsforrecycling（recycle）wasteproducts.【解答】recycle"回收"，动词。空处位于介词for后，填动词ing形式。recycle的ing形式为recycling。故填：recycling。18．（1分）Marsisthoughttobealifeless（life）planet.【解答】life生命，名词。根据"火星被认为是一个星球。"可知，应该是"无生命的"，填形容词lifeless作定语。故答案为：lifeless。19．（1分）Theboydreamedaboutbecoming（become）aherothatnight.【解答】句子中介词about后接动名词作宾语，become的动名词是becoming。故填：becoming。Ⅳ.语篇语法填空。根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。未提供单词的根据上下文填入适当的词。20．（10分）Manypeoplebelievethattheenvironmentisbeingdestroyed，andtheythinkthisisanewproblem.Theybelievewearehurtingnaturebecausetherearetoomanypeople（1）andweusetoomanythings.ThisistrueforsomeproblemsliketheEarthgetting（2）hotter（hot）thanitwasinthepast.Butdeforestationhasbeenhappeningforcenturies.Onechart（图表）showshowthelandonEarthhaschangedoverthepast10，000years.Itshowsthatonly71%oftheEarth'slandisgoodforlivingthings.Therestismostlyice，deserts，orothe