2021年湖南省雅礼中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

高考资源网（），您身边的高考专家PAGE欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。高考资源网（），您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。2021-2022学年湖南省雅礼中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）时量：120分钟分值：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whereisthenewsupermarket?A.Nexttothebank.B.Nearthecinema.C.Besidethetheater.2.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodo?A.Comebackanothertime.B.Buyotherflowersinstead.C.Gotoanothershop.3.Howwilltheboygotothemuseum?A.Byfoot.B.Byunderground.C.Bybike.4.Whydoesthewomanrefusetoseeanothermovie?A.Shehastogoout.B.Sheneedstoworknow.C.Shewantstorest.5.Whenwillthecompanybuspassby?A.At8:30.B.At8:45.C.At9:00.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Doingasurvey.B.Calculatingthebill.C.Servingthefood.7.Howwouldthemanlikehissteaknexttime?A.Mediumrare.B.Mediumwell.C.Welldone.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whattypeofmusicdoesthemanlike?A.Jazz.B.Rap.C.Rock.9.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Asongwriter.B.Atelephoneoperator.C.Aradiohostess.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthegirlfeelunhappyatfirst?A.Shedoesn’thaveaproperdress.B.Shehasn’tgotinvitedtothedance.C.Shedoesn’tknowhowtodance.11.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Friends.12.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Intheman’shouse.C.Inasupermarket.14.Whydoesthemanwanttoeatenergybarsonly?A.Toloseweight.B.Tosavemoney.C.Tobuildmuscles.15.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheads?A.They’relying.B.They’reconvincing.C.They’reconfusing.16.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Grateful.B.Smart.C.Careless.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatarethehighesttemperaturesinNorthernIndianow?A.About35℃.BAlmost40℃.C.Over45℃.18.HowmanyIndianpeoplediedin2016duetoheat-relatedillnesses?A.About200.B.About1,000.C.About2,000.19.Whatwillbedoneunderextremelyhightemperatures?A.Governmentprojectswillbedoneatnight.B.Bottlesofwaterwillbesoldatlowprices.C.Schooldayswillbereduced.20.WhatwilltheweatherbelikelatethismonthinIndia?A.Cooler.B.Allthesame.C.Hotter.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选项涂黑。AThebrideis97.Thegroomis98.Thecouplehasbeenmarriedfor77years,andthankstosomeveryspecialpeople,theywerefinallytreatedtosomeveryspecialweddingmemoriestheymissedoutonallthoseyearsago.TheKingsarejustlikefamilytothestaffoftheSt.CroixHospicewhoserveascaretakersfortheelderlypairintheirOelwein,Idahohome.Withabiganniversarycomingup,theircaregiverswantedtodosomethingspecialtocelebratetheoccasionandknowingsomethingofthecouple’shistory,theycameupwithaperfectplan.WhenFrankieandRoyceKingtooktheirvows(誓言)onSeptember16,1944,theworldwasaverydifferentplace.Thesimplechurchceremonywassmallandshort.Ratherthanalacegown(蕾丝长裙),Frankieworeasuit.Therewasnophotographeronhandtorecordthevows.WhileFrankieandRoyce’sweddinglackedsplendor(壮观),theirlifetogetherhasmorethanmadeupforit.Twokids,fourgrandkids,andseveralgreat-grandkidslater,theKings’marriageisstillgoingstrong.Ontheiranniversary,asonestaffmemberplayedBig-Banderatunesonhissaxophoneandanothertookphotos,Frankie,dressedinalovely1940s-eraweddinggown,wasledthroughaflower-coveredarchwaytowhereRoycewaswaitingforher.Bythetimethebigweddingcakewasserved,therewasn’tadryeyeinthehouse.PhotographerHilaryMichelsonsaid,“IworkforSt.CroixHospicefull-timewhiledoingphotographyinmysparetime.Iampassionateaboutbothofmyjobsanditmademyheartsoincrediblyfulltoseethemembracingeachother.”TheKings’daughter,SueBilodeau,isnowputtingtogetheraphotoalbumofcherishedmemoriesforthem.“Itwasdefinitelyoneofthemostspecialthingsever,”shesaid.“WhenMommentionedshedidn’thavetimetoplanabigweddinganddidn’thaveaphotographer,theSt.Croixstaffmembersworkedtogethertomakesuretheycouldgettheirspecialday.”1.WhatdidthestaffoftheSt.CroixHospicedecidetodofortheKings?A.Helpthemrecalltheirweddingmemories.B.Takegoodcareofthemasfamilymembers.C.Writesomethingaboutthecouple'shistory.D.Celebratetheirweddinganniversarylikearealwedding.2.WhatwastheKings’weddingceremonyin1944like?A.Itseemedtobetheperfectplan.B.Itwassimpleandheldinasmallchurch.C.Itwasfollowedbythecouple’slongseparation.D.Ithadonlyonephotographertorecordtheirvows.3.Whatwaseveryone’sresponsewhentheweddingcakewasserved?A.Theywereallintears.B.Theyapplaudedloudly.C.Theywerebusytakingpicturesofthecouple.D.Theystoppeddoingeverythingandwatched.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了医院的工作人员为一对高龄老人举办了特殊的婚礼的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Withabiganniversarycomingup,theircaregiverswantedtodosomethingspecialtocelebratetheoccasionandknowingsomethingofthecouple’shistory,theycameupwithaperfectplan.(随着一个重大的周年纪念日即将到来，他们的看护人想做一些特别的事情来庆祝这个时刻，了解了这对夫妇的历史，他们想出了一个完美的计划。)”可知，看护人员想帮忙做一些事目的是庆祝这对夫妇的结婚纪念日。选项D符合语意，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thesimplechurchceremonywassmallandshort.Ratherthanalacegown(蕾丝长裙),Frankieworeasuit.Therewasnophotographeronhandtorecordthevows.(简单的教堂仪式既小又短。而不是花边礼服(蕾丝长裙),弗兰基穿西装。现场没有摄影师来记录他们的誓言。)”可知，1944年的婚礼在小小教堂举行，礼服简单，没有摄影师。选项B符合语意。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Bythetimethebigweddingcakewasserved,therewasn’tadryeyeinthehouse.(婚礼大蛋糕端上来的时候，屋里的人都哭了。)”可知，端上蛋糕时，大家感动的哭了。选项A符合语意。故选A。BTheslim,bushy-tailedSierraNevadaredfoxwillbelistedasanendangeredspecies,federalwildlifeofficialsannouncedlastmonth.Theysaiditspopulationhasdecreasedtojust40animalsintheareaofCaliforniafromLakeTahoetothesouthofYosemiteNationalPark.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicedecidedagainstlistingadistinctpopulationofthefoxesinthesouthernCascadeRangeofOregonandnearLassenPeakinNorthernCalifornia,however.“Whiletheexactnumberremainsunknownandisalsosubjecttochangewithnewbirthsanddeaths,itiswellbelowthestandardpopulationlevels.”ItprovidednoexactnumberofredfoxesremainingintheCascadeRange.Asoneoftherarestmammals(哺乳动物)inNorthAmerica,theredfoxesintheSierraalreadyareindangerduetothreatsofwildfire,drought,competitionfromcoyotes(郊狼)reductionsinfoodandinbreeding(近亲繁殖)withnon-nativefoxes.Additionalfuturethreatsincludeclimatechange,continuinglossofsnowfieldsandofthegeneralhabitattowhichtheSierraNevadapopulationhasadapted.Thiswilllikelyleadtoincreasednumbersofcoyotesinhigh-altitudeareasandtoincreasedcompetitionbetweencoyotesandSierraNevadafoxesforfood,theservicesaid.TheSierraNevadaredfoxhasdeclinedsharplybecauseofpoisoningandtrapping,habitatdestructionanddisturbancefromoff-roadvehiclesandsnowmobiles,saidJeffMiller,aseniorconservationofficerforthecenter.HesaidtheanimalsfacethesamethreatsintheCascadeMountainstoMountHood,Oregon.“Thisisanimportantstep,buttheFishandWildlifeServiceshouldalsoprotecttheseendangeredanimalsintheCascades,”hesaid.TheFishandWildlifeServicenoteditisnotproposingdesignatingcriticalhabitatforthespeciesatthistime,however,becausehabitat“doesnotappeartobealimitingfactorforthespecies.”Theagencyestimatesthe18to39animalsremainingintheSierracanbefoundsouthofCaliforniaStateHighway88fromjustsouthofLakeTahoeintotheeasternmostareaofYosemiteParkinTuolumneandMaderacounties.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.TheexactnumberofredfoxesinCaliforniaisstillunknown.B.TheredfoxesinYosemiteNationalParkaren’tendangerednow.CThenumberofallendangeredredfoxesintheCascadeRangeiscertain.D.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicehasn’tlistedthefoxesinOregonasendangered.5.Whatarethemainreasonsforthepopulationofthisredfoxtodecreasesogreatly?a.Illegalhunting.b.Theactivitiesofhumans.c.Theattacksfromcoyotes.d.Damagetotheirhabitat.A.abc B.abd C.bcd D.acd6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“designating”inthefifthparagraphprobablymean?A.Takingup. B.Seekingout. C.Breakingup. D.Markingout.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AnintroductiontotheSierraNevadaredfox. B.Thesignificanceofsavingendangeredredfoxes.C.Thedecisiontolistredfoxesasendangeredanimals. D.Ananalysisofthechangeinthenumberofredfoxes.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了美国的一种野生红狐被列为濒危动物。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicedecidedagainstlistingadistinctpopulationofthefoxesinthesouthernCascadeRangeofOregonandnearLassenPeakinNorthernCalifornia,however.(然而，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局决定不将俄勒冈州南部喀斯喀特山脉和北加利福尼亚州拉森峰附近的狐狸种群列入名单。)”可知，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局没有将俄勒冈州的狐狸列为濒危物种。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“TheSierraNevadaredfoxhasdeclinedsharplybecauseofpoisoningandtrapping,habitatdestructionanddisturbancefromoff-roadvehiclesandsnowmobiles,saidJeffMiller,aseniorconservationofficerforthecenter.(该中心的高级保护官员杰夫·米勒说，由于中毒和诱捕、栖息地破坏以及越野车和雪地摩托的干扰，内华达山脉红狐数量急剧下降。)”可知，导致红狐大幅减少的主要原因包括非法捕猎、人类活动和栖息地破坏。故选B项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段“TheFishandWildlifeServicenoteditisnotproposingdesignatingcriticalhabitatforthespeciesatthistime,however,becausehabitat“doesnotappeartobealimitingfactorforthespecies.”(然而，鱼类和野生动物管理局指出，目前不建议为该物种designating关键栖息地，因为栖息地“似乎不是该物种的限制因素。”)”可知，栖息地并不是该物种的限制因素，所以不建议为其指定关键栖息地，推测划线单词表示“指定”，与markingout同义。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Theslim,bushy-tailedSierraNevadaredfoxwillbelistedasanendangeredspecies,federalwildlifeofficialsannouncedlastmonth.(联邦野生动物官员上个月宣布，这种细长、尾巴浓密的内华达山脉红狐将被列为濒危物种。)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了野生红狐被列为濒危动物的决定。故选C项。CTheamountofsunlightthatEarthreflectsbackintospacehasdecreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Whetherthedeclineisashort-termphenomenonoryetanotherbadsignforEarth'sclimatestillhastobeproved,scientistssuggest.Ourplanet,onaverage,typicallyreflectsabout30percentofthesunlightthatshinesonit.ButnewresearchstrengthenspreviousstudiessuggestingthatEarth’sabilitytoreflectlightbackhasbeendeclininginrecentyears,saysPhilipGoode,ascientistatBigBearSolarObservatoryinCalifornia.From1998to2017,Earth’sreflectancedeclinedbyabout0.5percent,theteamreportedinGeophysicalResearchLetters.Usingground-basedinstrumentsatBigBear,Goodeandhiscolleaguesmeasuredearthshine—thelightthatourplanetreflectstotheMoonandthenbacktoEarth—from1998to2017BecauseearthshineismosteasilymeasuredwhentheMoonisaslimcrescent(新月)andtheweatherisclear,theteamcollectedamere801datapointsduringthose20years,Goodeandhiscolleaguesreport.Muchofthedecreaseinreflectanceoccurredduringthelastthreeyearsofthetwo-decadeperiodtheteamstudied,Goodesays.Previousanalysesofsatellitedata,heandhiscolleaguesnote,suggestthatthedropinreflectancecamefromwarmertemperaturesalongthePacificcoastsofNorthandSouthAmerica,whichinturnreducedlow-altitudecloudcoverandexposedtheunderlying,muchdarkerandlessreflectiveseas.“Whetherornotthisisalong-termtrendisyettobeseen,”saysEdwardSchwieterman,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.“Thisstrengthenstheargumentforcollectingmoredata,”hesays.DecreasedcloudinessovertheeasternPacificisn’ttheonlythingcuttingEarth’sreflectance,saysShivPriyamRaghuraman,ascientistatPrincetonUniversity.Manystudiespointtoalong-termdeclineinseaice(especiallyintheArctic),iceonland,andtinypollutantscalledaerosols(气溶胶)—allofwhichreflectsunlightbackintospacetocoolEarth.Withicecoverdeclining,Earthisabsorbingmoreradiation.TheextraradiationabsorbedbyEarthinrecentdecadesgoestowardwarmingtheoceansandmeltingmoreice,whichcancontributetoevenmorewarming,saysSchwieterman.Altogether,Goodeandhiscolleaguesestimate,thedeclineinEarth’sreflectancefrom1998to2017meansthateachsquaremeterofourplanet’ssurfaceisabsorbing,onaverage,anextra0.5wattsofenergy.Forcomparison,theresearchersnoteintheirstudy,planet-warminggreenhousegasesandotherhumanactivityoverthesameperiodincreasedenergyinputtoEarth’ssurfacebyanestimated0.6wattsofenergypersquaremeter.ThatmeansthedeclineinEarth’sreflectancehas,overthat20-yearperiod,almostdoubledthewarmingeffectourplanetexperienced.8.WhathashappenedtothesunshinethatshinesontheEarthaccordingtothestudy?A.Ithasbeendeclininginrecentyears.B.IthasbeenabsorbedmuchlessbytheEarth.C.Itsabilitytocomeintotheatmospherehasdeclined.D.IthasbeenreflectedmuchlessbackintospacebyEarth.9.Whatdowarmertemperaturescontributeto?A.Darkerseasandoceans. B.Morereflectionofsunshine.C.MoreradiationreleasedbyEarth. D.Lesscloudcoveragelowinthesky.10.Whatisn’tmentionedinthetextthatcancoolEarth?A.Iceonland. B.IceintheArctic.C.Tropicaltrees. D.Aerosolpollutants.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Earthislosingmoreice. B.Earthisbecomingwarmer.C.Earthisreflectinglesslight. D.Earthistakinginmoreenergy.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究发现地球反射回太空的阳光量比以前明显减少。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“TheamountofsunlightthatEarthreflectsbackintospacehasdecreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears.”（最近几年，地球反射回太空的阳光量显著减少）以及第二段“From1998to2017,Earth’sreflectancedeclinedbyabout0.5percent,theteamreportedinGeophysicalResearchLetters.”（该团队在《地球物理研究快报》上报道，从1998年到2017年，地球的阳光反射率下降了约0.5%）可知，研究发现地球反射回太空的阳光量比以前减少了，故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Previousanalysesofsatellitedata,heandhiscolleaguesnote,suggestthatthedropinreflectancecamefromwarmertemperaturesalongthePacificcoastsofNorthandSouthAmerica,whichinturnreducedlow-altitudecloudcoverandexposedtheunderlying,muchdarkerandlessreflectiveseas.”（他和他的同事指出，先前对卫星数据的分析表明，反射率的下降是因为南北美洲太平洋沿岸温度升高，这反过来减少了低空云层的覆盖，暴露了下面更暗、反射更少的海洋）可知，温度升高导致低空云层覆盖的减少，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“DecreasedcloudinessovertheeasternPacificisn’ttheonlythingcuttingEarth’sreflectance,saysShivPriyamRaghuraman,ascientistatPrincetonUniversity.Manystudiespointtoalong-termdeclineinseaice(especiallyintheArctic),iceonland,andtinypollutantscalledaerosols(气溶胶)—allofwhichreflectsunlightbackintospacetocoolEarth.”（普林斯顿大学的科学家希夫·普里亚姆·拉古拉曼说，东太平洋上空云量的减少并不是影响地球反射率的唯一因素。许多研究指出，海冰、尤其是北极地区的海冰、陆地上的冰以及被称为气溶胶的微小污染物的长期减少——所有这些都将阳光反射回太空，为地球降温）可知，文中没有提到热带树木为地球降温，故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“TheamountofsunlightthatEarthreflectsbackintospacehasdecreasedsignificantlyinrecentyears.”（最近几年，地球反射回太空的阳光量显著减少）可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现地球反射回太空的阳光量比以前明显减少，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.____12____Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias(认知偏见),atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.Tostudy“jumping”,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.____13____InaquizaboutUScitizens,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid—evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.Sowhatisbehind“jumping”?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysofthought:automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasilyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnon-jumpersareequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.____14____Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedbytheautomaticsystem.Asaresult,jumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionmadeatfirstsightwithoutfurtherquestioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingisalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsandfaultyreasoning.____15____Amethodcalledcognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsarefacedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstograduallygetridofparticipants’overconfidence.Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadjumptoaconclusionisafrequentandimportantone.____16____Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebeforemakingachoice.A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.C.Weplantotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.D.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.E.Itiscertainlypossibleforthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.F.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.【12~16题答案】【答案】12.D13.B14.F15.A16.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。但一种叫元认知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。【12题详解】根据上文“Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.(你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节)”结合下文提到了jumper“急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人——急于得出结论的人。D项“但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选D。【13题详解】根据上文“Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.(我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多)”和下文“InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid—evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.(在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的)”推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的几率。B项“此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，呈上启下。故选B。【14题详解】空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnon-jumpersareequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.(自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动思维的影响)”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。【15题详解】空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文“Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants’overconfidence.(一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信)”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。【16题详解】根据上文“Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisafrequentandimportantone.(在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而重要的问题)”和下文“Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebeforemakingachoice.(有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间)”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误”符合题意。故选G。第三部分英语知识运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Somepeoplelivetoclimbthehighestmountains.Somepeopleliveonlydreamingaboutitwhileothersliveto____17____everclimbingatall.Butonethingiscertain,allpeopleencountermountainsintheirlife.WhenIwasalittlegirl,myfamilymovedtoatinytownatthebottomofabigmountain.Onedayafterschool,while____18____thegreenwoodsofthismagnificentmountain,Ialmostfellonasetof____19____.Whatcouldthesesteps____20____?____21____gotthebestofmethoughIknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon.Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.Iclimbedandclimbed.Therewas____22____butjustgreenbushesandthesesteps.Ihadtoreachthetop!Butitwasnowgettingreal____23____.IfIkeptgoingImightnotbeabletoseemywayback.Mymomwouldbeworried____24____ifIdidn’tcomehomesoon.SoIranbackhomealmostinthedarkwhiletryingnottogettooscared.____25____IwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.Couldtherebeacastleupthere?MaybeIwouldfindamonster(怪物).MaybeIwastakingthe_____26_____ofnevercomingbackhome.Or,maybeallIwouldfindwasabsolutelynothing!Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountain_____27_____.Icouldhardlywaittotrythis_____28_____again.Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythe“can’tdo”attitudes.Weallfalldown.Weallhave_____29_____andregrets.Stillwemustclimbanddreamaboutwhat’satthetopofourmountain.Monstersmay_____30_____orthenightwillfall.Butneverever_____31_____yourdream!Neverletanyonetellyou,“Youcan’t.”Dreambigandclimbhigh!17.A.embrace B.prevent C.avoid D.recall18.A.collecting B.exploring C.expanding D.hiding19.A.chairs B.stages C.tools D.stairs20.A.runinto B.standfor C.beginwith D.leadto21.A.Curiosity B.Satisfaction C.Envy D.Patience22.A.nothing B.all C.anything D.everything23.A.cold B.dark C.scary D.tough24.A.dead B.mad C.sick D.hurt25.A.Worriedly B.Angrily C.Impatiently D.Anxiously26.A.path B.risk C.chance D.advantage27.A.atnotime B.insecret C.atallcost D.onthespot28.A.performance B.habit C.routine D.adventure29.A.doubts B.reliefs C.targets D.motives30.A.flee B.dream C.appear D.conquer31.A.watchoutfor B.giveupon C.putupwith D.liveupto【17~31题答案】【答案】17.C18.B19.D20.D21.A22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.C28.D29.A30.C31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文章中介绍了自己爬山的经历，借爬山这件事鼓励我们不要放弃梦想，无论追求梦想的过程中遇到什么困难。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人活着只是梦想攀登，而另一些人活着是为了完全避免攀登。A.embrace拥抱；B.prevent防止；C.avoid避免；D.recall回忆起。根据句中“while”可知，空格前后内容形成对比，由此可知，句中指有些人活着只是梦想攀登，而另一些人活着是为了完全避免攀登，“avoid”意为“避免”，符合语境。故选C项。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天放学后，我在探索这座壮丽山峦的绿林时，差点摔倒在一组阶梯上。A.collecting收集；B.exploring探索；C.expanding扩大；D.hiding隐藏。根据下文“Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.”可知，我开始向山上爬去，看看上面有什么，由此可知，我是在探索这座壮丽山峦的绿林。故选B项。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天放学后，我在探索这座壮丽山峦的绿林时，差点摔倒在一组阶梯上。A.chairs椅子；B.stages阶段；C.tools工具；D.stairs阶梯。根据下文“Whatcouldthesesteps_____?”中的“steps”可知，我想知道这些台阶通向什么，由此可知，我差点摔倒在山路上的一组阶梯上。故选D项。【20题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些台阶会通向什么。A.runinto遇到（问题、困难等）；B.standfor代表；C.beginwith以……开始；D.leadto通向。根据下文“Istartedclimbingupthosestrangelymysterioussteps.”可知，我开始爬上那些奇怪而神秘的台阶，想看看上面有什么，由此可知，我想知道这些台阶会通向什么。故选D项。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好奇心征服了我，尽管我知道天很快就要黑了。A.Curiosity好奇心；B.Satisfaction满足；C.Envy嫉妒；D.Patience耐心。根据上文“Whatcouldthesesteps_____?”可知，我想知道这些台阶通向什么，由此可知，是好奇心征服了我，好奇心促使我爬上台阶。故选A项。【22题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：除了绿色的灌木丛和这些台阶，什么也没有。A.nothing没有什么；B.all全部；C.anything任何东西；D.everything所有事物。根据下文“Or,maybeallIwouldfindwasabsolutelynothing!”中的“nothing”可知，句中指的是除了绿色的灌木丛和这些台阶，什么特别的也没有，“Therewas/isnothingbut…”意为“除了……什么也没有”。故选A项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在天真黑了。A.cold冷的；B.dark黑暗的；C.scary恐怖的；D.tough艰苦的。根据上文“Iknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon”和下文“IfIkeptgoingImightnotbeabletoseemywayback.”可知，探索前天就要黑了，如果我继续走，我可能看不到回去的路，由此可知，天真的黑了。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我不早点回家，我妈妈会担心死的。A.dead死的；B.mad疯狂的；C.(worried)sick担心死的；D.hurt受伤的。根据句意可知，如果我不早点回家，我妈妈会担心我，“worriedsick”意为“担心死的，担心得要命”。故选C项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我焦急地上床睡觉，梦想着在这座神奇山顶上能找到什么。A.Worriedly担心地；B.Angrily生气地；C.Impatiently不耐烦地；D.Anxiously焦急地。根据下文内容可知，我焦急地想去探索在山顶上到底能找到什么，由此可知，我是怀着焦急的心情上床睡觉的。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我是冒着再也不能回家的风险。A.path小路；B.risk风险；C.chance机会；D.advantage优势。根据句中“nevercomingbackhome”可知，不能回家对我来说是一种风险，我是冒着再也不能回家的风险去爬山，“taketheriskof…”意为“冒……的风险”。故选B项。【27题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：但我内心深处的某种东西促使我不惜一切代价爬上那座山。A.atnotime从不，绝不；B.insecret秘密地；C.atallcost不惜一切代价；D.onthespot当场，立即。根据下文“Icouldhardlywaittotrythis_____again.”可知，我迫不及待地想再次爬山，由此可知，我爬山的态度很坚决，会不惜一切代价爬上那座山。故选C项。28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我迫不及待地想再次尝试冒险。A.performance表演；B.habit习惯；C.routine常规；D.adventure冒险。根据上文内容可知，我不知道在山顶会发现什么，甚至冒着再也不能回家的风险去爬山，由此可知，这对我来说是一次冒险。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都有疑惑和遗憾。A.doubts疑惑；B.reliefs宽慰；C.targets目标；D.motives动机。根据上文“Nowweliveinaworldsurroundedbythe“can’tdo”attitudes.”可知，现在我们生活在一个被“不能做”的态度包围的世界里，因为不能坚持攀登到山顶看看到底有什么，所以对山顶有什么充满疑惑。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：怪物可能会出现，或者夜幕会降临。A.flee逃走；B.dream梦想；C.appear出现；D.conquer征服。根据下文“Butneverever_____yourdream!”可知，作者借爬山鼓励我们不要放弃梦想，即使在山顶怪物可能会出现，也不要放弃攀登。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但永远不要放弃你的梦想！A.watchoutfor密切注意，提防；B.giveupon对……感到绝望，放弃……；C.putupwith忍受；D.liveupto遵守，不辜负。根据文章内容可知，作者借爬山鼓励我们不要放弃梦想，无论遇到什么困难，也不要在意别人的看法，“giveupon”意为“对……感到绝望，放弃……”，符合语境。故选B项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。ManyexcellentwarshipcrewshavebeentrainedonaircraftcarriertheLiaoningofthePeople’sLiberationArmyNavy.____32____theonlyfemaledeckoperationofficeronit,RemilaDabulofKazakethnicity(哈萨克族),whosestory____33____(report)bythemediainJanuary,hasattractedmuchpublicattention.Beforeworkingonthedeck,Remilawasaradarandtelephone____34____(operate).ButwhenshefirstsawaJ-15fighter____35____(take)off,theideaofworkingalongsideitcrossedhermind.Soeagerwasshetobeacrewmemberthatsheovercamemanydifficultiesandultimatelybecame____36____(qualify).Duringherwork,Remilawearsabluehelmet,goggles,andbluesuits.AfteraJ-15lands,____37____sheneedstodoiscarrytheheavywireaftergettingsignalsandrunto____38____fightertotakeaseriesofactionsforaquic