药学英语构词法

药学英语构词法natr-钠natrium;sodiumkal-钾kalium;potassiumcalc-钙calciummagnes-镁magnesiumsilic-硅siliconbor-硼boronarsen-砷arsenic砒霜mercur-汞mercury水银chrom-铬chromiumarg-银argentumbar-钡bariumsider,ferr-铁ferrum;ironferro-铁2+ferri-铁3+※furan呋喃tetrahydrofuran四氢呋喃

thiophene噻吩pyrrole吡咯※

thiazole噻唑isothiazole异噻唑imidazole咪唑pyrazole吡唑oxazole噁唑isoxazole异噁唑※

pyridine吡啶piperidine哌啶※

pyrimidine嘧啶

pyrazine吡嗪piperazine哌嗪※indole吲哚purine嘌呤quinoline喹啉isoquinoline异喹啉※hemi-,semi-½mono-,haplo-,hen-,uni-1di-,bi-,duo-,bis-2tri-,triplo-,ter-3tetra-,quarto-,quadri-4※meth-甲eth-乙prop-丙but-丁penta-戊,5hexa-己,6hepta-庚,7octa-辛,8nona-壬,9deca-癸,10undeca,hendeca11dodeca12trideca13tetradeca14pentadeca15octadeca18nondeca19eicosa20heneicosa21docosa22tricosa23tetracosa24nonacosa29triaconta30tetraconta40pentaconta50calciumcarbonate碳酸钙

sodiumhydroxide氢氧化钠argentumnitricum硝酸银silvernitratemonopotassiumphosphate磷酸二氢钾arsenictrioxide三氧化二砷

boricacid硼酸borate硼酸盐

bariumsulfate硫酸钡magnesiumoxide氧化镁

silicane硅烷silica二氧化硅potassiumchromate铬酸钾mercurybichloride氯化汞potassiumferrocyanide亚铁氰化钾ferricoxide氧化铁※nano-纳,毫微,10-9※micro-微,10-6※milli-毫,10-3※centi-厘,10-2※deci-分,10-1※deca-十,101※kilo-千,103※-liter升※meter米※gram克microlitermicrometermicrogrammillilitermillimetermilligramdeciliterdecimeterdecigramnanoliternanometernanogramcentilitercentimetercentigramdecaliterdecameterdecagramkiloliterkilometerkilogrammethylmethanemethanolmethanal,formaldehydeethylethaneethylene,etheneethanolethanalethynepropylpropanepropylene,propenepropanolpropanediolpropanetriolpropanalpropanedialpropanone,acetonepropynecyclopropylcyclopropanecyclopropenebutylbutanebutylene,butenebutadienebutanolbutanediolbutanalbutanedialbutanonebutanedionebutynecyclobutylcyclobutanecyclobutenecyclobutadienecyclobutadienecyclobutanonepentylpentanepentylene,pentenepentadienepentenolpentanolpentanediolpentanalpentanedialpentanonepentanedionepentynepentanediynepentosecyclopentylcyclopentanecyclopentenecyclopentadienecyclopentanonehexylhexanehexylene,hexenehexadienehexatrienehexanolhexanediolhexenolhexanalhexanedialhexanedionehexosecyclohexylcyclohexanecyclohexenecyclohexadienecyclohexanonechlorethylenenonoseheptaldehydeoctadecanetrichloromethanetriiodomethanetriethylamine3-hydroxybutanalbromobenzene2-aminopyrimidine2-acetylfurantetrahydrofuran3-methylpyridine5-ethylthiazoleN-methyl-2-hydroxyimidazole3-amino-5-bromophenol1,3-cyclohexanediamine2-methyl-2-nitropropaneo(m,p)-aminobenzaldehyde异戊巴比妥Amobarbital5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione5-乙基-5-(3-甲基丁基)-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)嘧啶三酮苯妥英钠PhenytoinSodiumDilantinSodium5,5-diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedionesodium5,5-二苯基-2,4-咪唑烷二酮钠盐大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持继续保持安静盐酸哌替啶PethidineHydrochloride

杜冷丁(Dolantin)1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidine-carboxylicacidethylesterhydrochloride1-甲基-4-苯基-4-哌啶甲酸乙酯盐酸盐咖啡因Caffeine三甲基黄嘌呤3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dionemonohydrate1,3,7-三甲基-3,7-二氢-1H-嘌呤-2,6-二酮一水合物盐酸普鲁卡因

ProcaineHydrochloride2-(diethylamino)ethylp-aminobenzoatemonohydrochloride

4-氨基苯甲酸-2-(二乙氨基)乙酯盐酸盐硝苯地平Nifedipine1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridin-3,5-dicarboxylicacid

dimethylester1,4-二氢-2,6-二甲基-4-(2-硝基苯基)-吡啶-3,5-二羧酸二甲酯盐酸胺碘酮(2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl)[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl]methanonehydrochloride2-丁基-3-苯并呋喃基)[4-[2-(二乙氨基)乙氧基]-3,5-二碘苯基]甲酮盐酸盐硝酸甘油1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate

1,2,3-丙三醇三硝酸酯pharmaco-药;药学;药理pharmaceuticaladj药得,药用得;制药得;药学得n药品,药剂pharmacy药房,药学,药剂学,调剂学pharmacist药剂师,剂员,药商pharmaceuticalanalysis药物分析pharmaceutics药剂学,制药学biopharmaceutics生物药剂学,生物制药学pharmacochemistry药物化学pharmacology药理学pharmacognosy生药学pharmacodynamics药效学pharmacokinetics药动学pharmacopoeia药典ChP(theChinesepharmacopoeia)中国药典BP(theBritishpharmacopoeia)英国药典

Pharmacokinetics(PK)includestwointerrelatedprocesses、Thefirstprocessisdrugabsorption,distribution,metabolism(biotransformation)andexcretion(ADME),andanotheristheevaluationofthequantitativekineticprocessesofADMEbykineticprinciplesandmathematicalmodels、Mathematicalmodelsareoftenusedtodescribethekineticsofdrugelimination、Thesemainlyincludefirstorderkinetics,zeroorderkineticsandMichaelis-MentenkineticswithimportantPKparameterssuchast1/2,Vd,AUC,F,CLtot,Cssetc、

t1/2:half-lifeVd:apparentvolumeofdistribution

AUC:areaundertheconcentration-timecurve

F:bioavailabilityCLtot:totalbodyclearance

Css:steady-stateplasmaconcentration※abdomin-,abdomino-腹abdominalgia腹痛(abdomin-+algia痛)abdominoscopy腹腔镜检查法(-scopy检查法)※acet-,aceto-乙酰,醋acetic醋酸得acetate乙酸盐,醋酸盐acetaminophenorparacetamol※acetyl-乙酰基acetylcholine乙酰胆碱(chol-胆汁+-ine生物碱)acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶AchEAchEisanenzymethatcatalyzesthehydrolysisofacetylcholinetocholineandacetate、IntheCNS,thisenzymeplaysaroleinthefunctionofperipheralneuromuscularjunctions、※adeno-,aden-腺,腺体adenitis腺炎,淋巴腺炎(aden-+-itis炎)adenocyte腺细胞(adeno-+-cyte细胞)adenovirus

※adipo-,adip-脂肪fatadipectomy脂肪组织切除术(adip-+-ectomy切除术)adiponecrosis脂肪坏死(adipo-+necrosis坏死)※lipo-,lip-脂肪,脂质;肥胖lipemia脂血症(lip-+-emia血症)lipoma脂肪瘤(lipo-+-oma瘤)lipotrophy脂肪增多(lipo-+-trophy营养)※adreno-,adren-,adrenal-肾上腺adrenocorticotropin促肾上腺皮质激素(adreno-+cortico-皮质+-tropin促…激素)adrenaline肾上腺素Smilingcanhelpreducethelevelofstress-enhancinghormoneslikecortisol皮质醇,adrenalineanddopamine,increasethelevelofmood-enhancinghormoneslikeendorphinandreduceoverallbloodpressure、※ald-,-aldehyde醛benzaldehyde苯甲醛(benz-苯+-aldehyde)aldosterone醛固酮Aldosteroneisahormonesecretedbytheadrenalcortexthatregulateselectrolyteandwaterbalancebyincreasingtherenalretentionofsodiumandtheexcretionofpotassium、※form-,formo-

甲酸,甲酰formaldehyde甲醛(form-+-aldehyde甲醛)※-form,-iform…形得,…状得fungiform真菌状得(fungi真菌+-form)※-algia痛(症)neuralgia神经痛(neur-神经+-algia)※-dynia痛neurodyniaadenodynia,adenalgiamyodynia,myalgiacardiodynia,cardialgiahepatodynia,hepatalgia※alkali-,alkal-,alkalo-碱alkalometry生物碱测量法(alkalo-+-metry测量法)※ameba-,amebo-阿米巴,变形虫amebocyte阿米巴样细胞(amebo-+-cyte细胞)amebacide杀阿米巴得,杀阿米巴药※-amide酰胺acetamide乙酰胺(acet-乙酰+-amide)※-amine胺ammonium铵methylamine甲胺ammoniumacetate醋酸铵,乙酸铵※amino-氨基aminolysis氨解(作用)(amino-+-lysis水解)○aminoacid氨基酸※andro-,andr-雄,雄性

androgen雄激素(andro-+-gen致…物)estrogen雌激素※angei-,angi-,angio-管,血管bloodvesselangiocardiopathy心血管病(cardio-心+-pathy病)angioma血管瘤angiodynia,angialgia※vaso-,vasi-管,血管vasoconstriction血管收缩vasodilation血管舒张vasospasm血管痉挛vasoneuropathy血管神经病※anti-,ant-对抗,反,抑制antibody抗体antigen抗原anticarcinogen抗癌药anticholinergic抗胆碱能得(药)anticholinesterase抗胆碱酯酶,胆碱酯酶抑制剂antibacterial抗菌得(药)antiviralantifungalantihypercholesterolemic抗高胆甾醇血得(药)antiinflammatory抗炎剂,抗炎药antihistamine抗组胺剂,抗组胺,抗组织胺药antimalarial抗疟得(药)antisympathetic抗交感神经得,抗交感神经药antioxidase抗氧化酶※appendico-,appendic-阑尾appendicitis阑尾炎(appendico-+itis炎)appendectomy※arterio-动脉arteryarterial动脉得arteriodilating动脉扩张得arteriostenosis动脉狭窄arteriology

动脉学arteriospasm动脉痉挛arteralgiaarteritisarteriectomy※athero,ather-粥样沉积,动脉粥样化atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化(-sclerosis硬化)atherogenesis动脉粥样化形成,动脉粥样硬化生成※arthro-,arthr-关节jointsarthropyosis关节化脓(arthro-+pyo-脓+-osis状态)arthrocelearthritisarthralgiaarthrodynia※articul-关节articular关节得(-ar…得)※-ase酶enzymeamylase淀粉酶(amyl-淀粉)maltase麦芽糖酶oxidase氧化酶monoamineoxidase,MAOreductase还原酶oxidoreductaseesterase酯酶phosphodiesterase,PDE磷酸二酯酶anticholinesteraseacetylcholinesterase,AChEhydroxylase羟化酶dopamineβ-hydroxylasecarboxylase羧化酶decarboxylase脱羧酶methyltransferase,MT甲基转移酶N-MTHistamine(组胺)N-methyltransferase,HMTCatechol(儿茶酚)-O-methyltransferase,TPhenylethylamine-N-methyltransferaseMonoamineoxidaseinhibitors(MAOI)wereintroducedintotherapyforthetreatmentofdepressionin1957、Atpresentinthewesternclinic,themonlyusedantidepressantdrugsincludetricyclic,thefourthringcategory,neurotransmitterinhibitors,monoamineoxidaseinhibitorsandotherdrugs、Ethanolismainlymetabolizedinliverbyethanoldehydrogenase,cytochromeP450-2E1andacetaldehydedehydrogenase、Sildenafilcitrateisaphosphodiesterasetype5(PDE5)inhibitorusedclinicallyforthetreatmentofmaleerectiledysfunction、※-ataxia失调

ataxia共济失调psychataxia精神失调(psycho-精神+-ataxia)※

atropho-萎缩atrophodermatosis皮肤萎缩病(atropho-+dermato-皮肤+-osis状态)atrophedema萎缩性水肿※-atrophia,-atrophy萎缩splenatrophia脾萎缩(splen-脾+atrophia)gastratrophia胃萎缩※bio-,bi-生命,生物,生物学cytobiology细胞生物学(-logy学)biotransformationbiosynthesisbioavailabilitybiopharmaceutics

※bil-胆bilirubin胆红素Duetobileductobstruction,bilirubinisnotexcretedintothesmallintestine,sothatcholestasisorbiliarycellsintheliverandcausejaundice、

※-blast未分化得原始胚细胞hemocytoblast成血细胞,原血细胞※botan-植物botanist植物学家botany植物学※brady-徐缓,迟钝bradycardia心动徐缓,心搏徐缓(cardia心)bradyrhythmia心搏徐缓bradyuria排尿徐缓bradyesthesia感觉迟钝esthesia感觉;感知bradypnea呼吸徐缓(-pnea呼吸)※tachy-快,过速,急tachycardia心搏过速,心动过速tachypnea呼吸急促tachyrhythmia心动过速※bromo-,brom-溴bromine;bromumbromoform溴仿(form仿)bromobenzene溴苯bromide溴化物Neostigminebromide溴新斯得明hydrobromide氢溴化物※chloro-,chlor-氯chlorine;chlorumchlorethylene氯乙烯chloroform氯仿trichlormethanechloride氯化物hydrochloride氢氯化物propranololhydrochloride※iodo-碘;碘代iodine;iodumiodoform碘仿,三碘甲烷iodide碘化物hydroiodide氢碘化物sodiumiodidepotassiumbromidecalciumchloridecalciumcarbonatesodiumhydroxidemonopotassiumphosphatedipotassiumphosphatearsenictrioxidemagnesiumoxidebariumsulfatemercurybichloridepotassiumferrocyanideferrouschloride

ferricchlorideferricoxide※broncho-,bronch-,bronchio-支气管bronchiospasm支气管痉挛(-spasm痉挛)bronchodilationbronchoconstrictionbronchitis※

calori-热calorimetry测热法(calori-+-metry测量法)※cancero-,cancro-,cancri-癌cancercancrocirrhosis癌性硬化(cirrho-硬变+-osis状态)※carcino-,carcin-癌carcinectomy癌切除术(-ectomy切除术)carcinoma癌lung,skin,renal,prostate,thyroid~、laryngocarcinoma喉癌rhinocarcinoma鼻癌adenocarcinomahepatocarcinoma※capillari-,capillaro-,capillo-毛细管;毛细血管capillarimeter毛细管计(-meter计量仪)※-cele肿物,疝,膨出;腔arthrocele关节肿大(arthro-关节+-cele)enterocele肠疝gastrocele胃膨出encephalocele脑疝※carbo,carba-,carb-碳carboncarbohydrate碳水化合物,糖类carbohydraturia糖尿carbondioxide※

cellulo-细胞;纤维(素)cellcellulase纤维素酶(cellulo-+-ase酶)cellular细胞得※-cardia,-cardium心pericardium心包(peri-周围)pericellular细胞外周得※cardio-,cardi-,cardia-心;贲门cardiogram心动图(gram图)cardiovascular心血管得cardiovasology心血管学cardioarterial心动脉得cardionecrosis心坏死cardiohepatic心肝得cardiosclerosis心硬化cardiology心脏病学cardiopathy心脏病cardiomegaly=cardiomegalia心肥大cardioneural心神经得cardiodilator贲门扩张器cardionephric心肾得cardiorenal※cerebro-,cerebri-,cerebr-脑,大脑cerebral大脑得,脑得cerebrospinal脑脊髓得cerebromedullary※encephalo-脑encephalocele脑突出encephalomyelitis脑脊髓炎encephalomyeloneuropathy脑脊髓神经病electroencephalogram,EEGelectrocardiograms,ECG※cephalo-,cephal-头cephaloedema头水肿cephalosporin头孢菌素○cerebralgia;encephalalgia;cephalalgia头痛○cerebritis;encephalitis;cephalitis脑炎,大脑炎○cerebroma;encephaloma脑瘤○cerebromalacia;encephalomalacia脑软化○cerebrosclerosis;encephalosclerosis脑硬化※cervico-,cervic-颈;子宫cervicotomy子宫颈切开术(-tomy切开术)cervicalcarcinoma宫颈癌※chole-,cholo-,chol-胆汁;胆

cholochrome胆色素(-chrome色素)hypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症Toomuchcholesterolinthebloodiscalledhighbloodcholesterolorhypercholesterolemia

Bothfluvastatinandsimvastatinhavegoodefficacyandsafetyonthepatientswithprimaryhypercholesterolemia

antihypercholesterolemiccholinocepter胆碱受体cholinomimetic拟胆碱能药,拟胆碱药,拟胆碱作用得cholinergic胆碱能得,胆碱能药※cholecyst-胆囊

cholecystotomy胆囊切开术cholecystectomycholecystitis※choler-霍乱cholera霍乱※chrono-,chron-时,时间chronicity慢性(chron-+icity性质,状态)chronopharmacology时辰药理学chronopharmacokinetics时辰药动学Pulsedrugdeliverysystemisanewtypeofdrugdeliverysystemtoquantificationallyreleaseeffectivedosedrug,basedontheprinciplesofchronopharmacologyandchronopharmacokinetics、※chromato-,chromat-,chromo-色;色素chromatosome染色体(-some体)chromatin染色质cytochromeP450chromatogram色谱图chromatography色谱法GCHPLCTLC※circum-,circu-环绕,环,周围peri-circumrenal肾周围得(-renal肾得)perirenalpericardiumpericellular※cirrho-硬变cirrhosis硬化,肝硬化※-cide切,杀,杀…剂-cidalgermicidal杀菌得amebacide杀阿米巴剂,杀变形虫剂germicidebacteriocidefungicidevirucide※-cise切,杀excise切除(ex-向外+-cise)※

cis-顺,顺式cistron顺反子(cis-+trans-反+-on…子)cis-isomer顺式异构体(cis-+-isomer异构体)※clon-克隆monoclonal单克隆得,单细胞系得※cocco-,cocc-球菌,球pneumococcide杀肺炎球菌药※-coccal球菌得staphylococcal葡萄球菌得(staphyl-葡萄状)※-coccus球菌(pl)coccimicrococcus微球菌(micro-微)pneumococcus肺炎球菌staphylococcus葡萄球菌Staphylococcusaureusisahardbugtokill、※-colic结肠得gastrocolic胃结肠得(gastro-胃)※-colon结肠megacolon巨结肠(mega-巨大)※colpo-,colp-阴道colpospasm阴道痉挛colpostenosis阴道狭窄※vagino-,vagin-阴道vaginavaginomycosis阴道霉菌病(-mycosis霉菌病)vaginoscope,colposcopevaginoscopy,colposcopyvaginitis,colpitisThegynecologicaldiseasesonthefirstthreeplacesarecervicitis,vaginitisandfibromyoma、※contra-反,反向,抗,逆,相对contrastimulant抗兴奋得,抗兴奋药contraceptive避孕剂,避孕得contrasexual异性得contraindication禁忌症(-indication适应症)Tumortreatmentislimitedbyindication,contraindicationandsideeffectofoperation,chemotherapyandradiotherapy,sothattherapeuticeffectisnotgoodenough、※counter-反,抗,反向,逆,对应,匹配,复counteraction对抗作用(action作用)※colori-,color-色colorimeter比色计(-meter计)colorimetry比色法※coronaro-,coronar-冠状,冠状动脉coronaryarterycoronarospasm冠状动脉痉挛coronaritis※cortico-,cortic-皮质cortexcorticotrophin(-trophin促…激素)促皮质素,促肾上腺皮质激素,促肾上腺皮质素[促皮质激素]adrenocorticalhormone;corticoid肾上腺皮质激素mineralocorticoid盐皮质激素glucocorticoid;glucocorticosteroid糖皮质激素Long-termglucocorticoidtherapypromptlyinducesosteoporosis,whoseseveritydependsonthedoseanddurationofthetreatment,andthereisnosafetythresholdforadverseeffectsonbone、※-crine分泌excretionendocrine内分泌(endo-内)exocrine外分泌endocrinology内分泌学neuroendocrinology※cry-冷,冰冻,低温cryalgesia冷痛觉(-algesia痛觉)cryoscopy冰点(降低)测定法cryosurgery冷冻外科手术※cut-皮肤cutaneous表皮得,皮(肤)得subcutaneous皮下得※-derm皮肤,皮endoderm内胚层exoderm外皮,外胚层mesoderm中胚层※derma-,dermo-,dermato-derm-皮肤,皮skindermatitiscutitis※-dermia皮肤病sclerodermia硬皮病(sclero-硬)※cyano-,cyan-青,蓝,绀;氰(基)cyanopathy发绀cyanosispotassiumferrocyanide※-cyte,cyto-,cyt-,kyto-细胞

cellserythrocyte红细胞(erythro-红)leucocyte白细胞(leuco-白)thrombocyte血小板,凝血细胞lymphocyte淋巴细胞(lympho-淋巴)cytotoxin细胞毒素(-toxin毒素)cytoplasm细胞质,细胞浆(-plasm原生质)※celli-,cellulo-细胞cellular细胞得pericellularcellifugal离细胞得cellipetal向细胞得cellulotoxic细胞毒得,毒害细胞得※cyst-囊,膀胱cystitis膀胱炎cholecystostomy胆囊造口术cholecystotomy胆囊切开术cholecystectomy※denti-,dento-,dentia-牙

toothdentosurgical牙外科得dentofacial牙面得※odonto-,odont-牙odontolith牙垢,牙积石odontology,dentologyodontopathyodontalgia,dentalgiaodontoneuralgia※dacry-泪dacryagogue催泪剂※dem-人demography人口学,人口统计学※densi-,denso-密度

densimeter密度计(densi-+-meter计)DensityHDLLDLVLDLlipoprotein

※dehydro-脱氢,去氢

dehydroandrosterone脱氢雄甾酮※deoxy-,desoxy-脱氧,去氧deoxyriboside脱氧核糖核苷deoxyribotide脱氧核糖核苷酸,脱氧核苷酸DNAdeoxyribonucleicacid

脱氧核糖核酸desoxymorphine脱氧吗啡※dextro-右;右旋dextroisomer右旋异构体dextroglucose=dextrose※levo-左,向左,在左边;左旋levocardia左位心levoisomer左旋异构体levodopalevofloxacin左氧氟沙星※dieto-饮食dietdietotherapy饮食疗法(therapy疗法)

※diabet-糖尿病diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病antidiabetic抗糖尿病得,抗糖尿病药Theoralantidiabeticagentsplayanimportantroleintheclinicaltreatmentofthetype2diabetes、Therearemanycategoriesoforalantidiabeticagentsavailable、Sulfonylureasacttoincreasethereleaseofinsulinfromthepancreas、Sulfonylureasareusedtocontrolglucoselevelsintype2diabeticswhocannotachieveadequatecontrolwithdietalone、Tworelativelynewinsulinsecretagogues,repaglinideandnateglinide,areapprovedforuseintype2diabetics、Ahallmarkoftype2diabetesisinsulinresistance、Thiazolidinediones(TZDs)acttoincreasetissuesensitivitytoinsulin、TZDsareeffectiveinabout70percentoftype2diabetics、BiguanidesarefrequentlyusedinbinationwithTZDsorinsulinsecretagogueswhenmonotherapyhasnotprovidedadequateglycemiccontrol、※digito-,digital-洋地黄digitalisdigitalization洋地黄化Themyocardiumisextremelysensitivetotheeffectsofhypokalemia,particularlyifthepatienthascoronaryarterydiseaseoristakingadigitalisderivative、※diplo-又,重,复,二倍,成双得diplococcemia双球菌血症(cocco-球菌+-emia血症)diplophase二倍期(phase期)※dys-不良,困难,推失调,异常,障碍dyspepsia消化不良(-pepsia消化)dyspnea呼吸困难(-pnea呼吸)dystrophy营养障碍,营养不良(-trophy营养)dysfunction机能不良,机能障碍※-ectomize切除nephrectomize肾切除(nephro-肾)※-ectomy切除术enter,arthr,appendic,aden,carcin,hepat,nephrectomy※-ectopia异位metrectopia子宫异位(metr-子宫)angiectopia※-edema水肿,肿胀encephaledema脑水肿nephredema肾盂积水pneumonedema肺水肿angioedemaangioneuroedemaarthredema※elasto-弹性(得)elastopathy弹性组织病(-pathy病)※electro-电electrocardiogram心电图ECGelectroencephalogram脑电图EEG※-emia,-aemia血,血症anemia贫血(an-缺,无)irondeficiencyanemiamegaloblasticanemia巨幼红细胞性贫血

perniciousanemia恶性贫血

hypercholesterolemiahypolipoproteinemiahyperlipemiaAnexcessoflipidsinthebloodantihypercholesterolemic※h(a)emo-,hem-,h(a)ema-,h(a)emat-血液bloodhemorrhage出血hematodialysis血液透析hemoglobin血红蛋白hemacytehematonosis;hematopathy;hemopathy血液病hematopoietic造血得;生血得hematopoietin红细胞生成素,血细胞生成素,造血素Anemiaisdefinedasreduceincirculatingerythrocytecountandhemoglobinlevel、Threeessentialnutrientsincludingiron,vitaminB12,andfolicacidarerequiredforbonemarrowhematopoieticfunction、Ironpreparationcanbeusedtotreatirondeficiencyanemia,folicacidcanbeusedfortreatmentofmegaloblasticanemia、InjectionadministrationofvitaminB12isavailablefortherapyofperniciousanemia、Hemtopoieticgrowthfactors,includingerythropoietin,myeloidgrowthfactors(e、g、,G-CSFandGM-CSF)andthrombopoietinwhichcanregulatetheproliferationanddifferentiationofhematopoieticcells,havebeenusedtotreatthebatanemia,neutropenia,andthrombocytopenia,respectively、G-CSF:GranulocyteColony-StimulatingFactor

GM-CSF:Granulocyte-MacrophageColony-StimulatingFactor※endo-,end-内,在内,内部exo-外endocarditis心内膜炎endoscopy内窥镜检查endoscope内窥镜endovenous静脉内得endarterialendogastric胃内得endonuclearendovasculitis血管内膜炎endothelium内皮endothelial内皮得endothelium-derivedrelaxingfactor血管内皮舒张因子endotoxinexotoxinendocrinologyexocrinologyendodermexodermendocellularexocellular※ento-,ent-内,在…内部entocyte细胞内含物(-cyte细胞)entoblast内胚层(-blast胚)※enter-,entero-肠

gut;bowels;intestinesenterogastritis肠胃炎enterohepaticcycle肠肝循环※intestin-肠intestine

gastrointestinaltract

胃肠道Generallyreferstothedigestivestructuresstretchingfromthemouthtoanus,butdoesnotincludetheaccessoryglandularorgans(liver;biliarytract;pancreas)、※enzymo-酶enzyme

coenzyme辅酶enzymolysis酶解作用(-lysis分解,溶解,裂解,破坏)enzymatichydrolysis※zymo-,zym-酶,酵素enzyme;fermentzymohydrolysis酶解作用,酶解zymogen酶原proenzyme※epidemio-流行(病)epidemic流行病;流行性得epidemiology流行病学※epi-,ep-上,在上;在外epicardium心外膜※epidermo-表皮epidermomycosis表皮霉菌病※epinephro-,epinephr-肾上腺adrenalepinephroma肾上腺样瘤(-oma瘤)epinephrine肾上腺素adrenaline,AD

Epinephrineistheactivesympathomimetichormonefromtheadrenalmedulla、Itstimulatesboththealpha-andbeta-adrenergicsystems,causessystemicvasoconstrictionandgastrointestinalrelaxation,stimulatestheheartanddilatesbronchiandcerebralvessels、Itisusedinasthmaandcardiacfailureandtodelayabsorptionoflocalanesthetics、norepinephrine,NE去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline,NA

※erythro-,erythr-红erythrocyteerythromycin红霉素(-mycin霉素)erythropenia红细胞减少erythrocytosis红细胞增多症erythrocytometer红细胞计数器erythrocytometryerythrolysin红细胞溶解素,溶血素erythrolysis※estro-,estra-雌estrogen雌激素(-gen致…得物)androgenNaturalestrogensincludeestradiol,estrone,estriol、※(o)esophag-食管(o)esophagusesophagogastrostomy食管胃吻合术esophagoenterostomy食管肠吻合术esophageal食道得;食管得esophagealcanceresophag(o)+itis,algia,dynia,ectomy,scope,scopy,cele,spasm,malacia,stenosis,tome,tomy※etio-病因causeofdiseaseetiogenic成因得,原因得etiology病因学,病原学etiologicaletiologicaltreatment病因治疗

symptomatictreatment对症治疗※eu-好,佳,优,正常,真euthanasia安乐死(-thanasia死)1、cyanide

氰化物2、hypnotics安眠药,催眠药3、coagulant

凝血药eucaryote真核生物eukaryoteeuchromatin常染色质euchromosome常染色体euglycemia血糖正常dysglycemia血糖代谢障碍eupnea呼吸正常dyspnea呼吸困难eupepsia消化良好dyspepsia消化不良※excito-刺激,激动,兴奋excitementexcitoreflex兴奋反射(reflex反射)※-fast耐…得,抗…得uviofast抗紫外线得(uvio-紫外线+-fast)acidfast抗酸得alkalifast耐碱得penicillin-fastheat-fast※febri-,febr-热,发热

feverfebrifuge解热药,退热药,退烧药(-fuge驱走,驱除剂)febricide退热得,解热得,退热药antifebrile退热(得)药paracetamolibuprofen

aspirin※-fugal离开得,远离得,驱逐得febrifugal退热得,解热得(febri-热)centrifuge离心,离心机,离心器centrifugal※fibrino-纤维蛋白,纤维素fibrin,cellulosefibrinogenopenia纤维蛋白原减少(-gen原+-penia减少)※fibro-,fibr-纤维,纤维组织fibrocyte纤维细胞fibroangioma纤维血管瘤fibrosara纤维肉瘤fibrosis纤维变性,纤维化fibrosclerosis纤维硬化※feti-,feto-,foeti-胎,胎儿foetusfeticide杀胎,堕胎(feti-+-cide杀)※flocculo-絮状flocculoreaction絮状反应(reaction反应)flocculate絮凝deflocculate反絮凝flocculating絮凝化flocculant;flocculatingagent絮凝剂deflocculant;deflocculatingagent反絮凝剂※fungi-,fungo-真菌,霉菌fungistasis抑制真菌(-stasis停滞)fungicide杀真菌剂,杀霉菌剂※galacto-,galact-,gala-乳(汁)galactagogue催乳得;催乳剂(-agogue催,利,促进剂)※lacti-,lacto-,lact-乳,乳汁lactagogue催乳得,催乳药lactose乳糖sodiumlactatelacticacid

prolactin,PRL催乳素prolactin-releasinghormone,PRH※ganglio-,gangli-神经节ganglionotoganglion耳神经节gangliolytic神经节性(传导)阻滞得gangliomagangliocytegangliectomy※gaster-,gastro-,gastr-,gaster胃gastroesophagostomy胃食管吻合术gastratrophia胃萎缩gastrocardiac胃心得gastroenteritisgastrectomygastroscope※stomacho-胃stomachoscopy胃检查gastralgia;gastrodynia;stomachache;stomachalgia;stomachodynia※gelato-,gelo-胶,凝胶gelatification胶凝(作用),胶体形成gelate形成凝胶※germi-,ger-,germino-芽,胚芽,细菌germicide杀菌剂bactericide※ger-,gerat-,gerato-,geronto-,gero-geront-老年geratology老年医学,老年病学,老人学※-genic致…性得,产生…得;由…引起得,…原得

※-genesis起源,发生

pathogenic致病得pathogenesis发病,致病,发病机制carcinogenic致癌得carcinogenesis致癌作用,癌发生teratogenic致畸得teratogenesis畸形发生,致畸作用mutagenic突变得,致诱变得mutagenesis诱变,突变发生atherogenic致动脉粥样化得atherogenesis※-genous致…得,生成…得,…产生得homogenous同源得,纯系得,同质得(homo-同)heterogenous异基因得,异源得,异种得,异型得endogenous内生得,内源得exogenous外生得,外源得※glauco-青,青色glaua青光眼※glosso-,gloss-舌

tongueglossitis舌炎※globulo-,globuli-球,小球,血球globulin球蛋白(globul-+-in蛋白)immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白Ig※glomerulo-,glomerul-小球,肾小球

glomerulusglomerulonephritis肾小球性肾炎

Glomerulardiseasecharacterizedbyaninflammatoryreaction,withleukocyteinfiltrationandcellularproliferationoftheglomeruli,orthatappearstobetheresultofimmuneglomerularinjury、Clinicalmanifestation:proteinuria,hematuria,oliguria,cylinderuria,edema,hypertensionandsoon、※glyco-,glyc-糖glycogen糖原(-gen原)※gluco-甘;糖;葡萄糖glucocorticoid糖皮质激素※saccharo-,sacchar-糖saccharidesaccharuria糖尿※-gogue利…剂,促…剂chologogue利胆剂ursodeoxycholicacidlactagogue催乳剂galactagoguehormonagogue催激素得;催激素剂secretagogue促分泌得,促分泌剂,促分泌物,促泌素Tworelativelynewinsulinsecretagogues,repaglinideandnateglinide,areapprovedforuseintype2diabetics、

※gonado-,gonad-生殖腺,性腺gonadotrop(h)in促性腺激素(-trop(h)in促…激素)gonadoinhibitory性腺抑制得※-graft移植物,移植片homograft同种移植物heterog