武科大机械行业管理专业英语Lesson39

Lesson39GearManufacturingMethodsTerminologyTexttour

3/22/20251《机械工程专业英语教程》Terminology3/22/20252《机械工程专业英语教程》AnnularShapedlikeorformingaring.环形的，轮状的：形状像环或形成环状。Annulargear内齿轮,齿圈（也称为internalgear）《机械工程专业英语教程》3/22/2025Helicalgear斜齿轮

3Hob

滚刀3/22/2025《机械工程专业英语教程》4Worm蜗杆Wormgear

1.Agearconsistingofaspirallythreadedshaftandawheelwithmarginalteeththatmeshintoit蜗轮蜗杆副2.Thetoothedwheelofthisgear,awormwheel蜗轮3/22/2025《机械工程专业英语教程》5Broach

拉刀SwarfFinemetallicfilingsorshavingsremovedbyacuttingtool.小铁屑：用锉或剃等加工方法去除的细小金属屑。3/22/2025《机械工程专业英语教程》6DressingDressingistheprocessofconditioningworngrainsonthesurfaceofagrindingwheelbyproducingsharpnewedgesongrainssothattheycancutmoreefficiently.砂轮修整：使砂轮表面磨钝的磨粒上产生新的锋利的切削刃，使其能够更有效地进行切削工作。3/22/2025《机械工程专业英语教程》7GearPlaning（刨齿）Theshapeofthespacebetweengearteethiscomplexandvarieswiththenumberofteethonthegearaswellastoothmodule（模数），somostgearmanufacturingmethodsgeneratethetoothflank(齿腹)insteadofforming（采用展成法加工齿面而不是采用成形法加工）.《机械工程专业英语教程》3/22/2025Texttour8Gearplaningusesa

reciprocatingrack（往复运动的齿条刀）,

stroking（击、打、切）inthedirectionofthehelix（螺旋）onagearwithagradualgenerationofformastherackeffectivelyrollsroundthe

gearblank(齿轮毛坯)（当齿条刀绕齿轮坯料滚切并沿其螺旋线方向运动时，齿形就会被逐渐展成）.…………Therack

isrelievedoutofcontact（脱离接触）forthereturnstroke

asinnormalshapingorplaning（与普通的刨削加工相同）.Ithasthegreatadvantagethatthecuttingtoolisasimplerackwith(nearly)straightsidedteethwhichcaneasilybegroundaccurately(刀具为具有直线齿形或者接近与直线齿形的齿条，其齿面易于进行精确磨削加工).…………Thismethodis

littleused(几乎不用)forhighproductionbecauseitisrelativelyslowinoperation

duetothehightoolandslidemass(由于刀具和滑枕的质量较大)；for

jobbing（重复性很小的工作）purposesthe

slowstrokingratedoesnotmatterandlowtoolcostsgiveanadvantagewhere

unusualsizesorprofilemodificationsarerequired.（对于单件或者少量的齿轮加工而言，缓慢的行程速度带来的影响不大，而且较低的刀具成本对于那些特殊规格和需要进行齿廓修形的齿轮来说则是一个有利的条件）GearShaping（插齿）Gearshapingisinherentlysimilarto

gearplaning（刨齿加工）butusesa

circularcutter（圆形刀具）insteadofarack(齿条刀)andtheresultingreductioninthe

reciprocatinginertia（运动惯性）allowsmuchhigher

strokingspeeds（行程速度）；moderngear

shapers（插齿机）cuttingcargearscanrunat2000cuttingstrokesperminute.Theshapeofthecutterisroughlythesameasan

involutegear（渐开线齿轮）butthetipsoftheteetharerounded.Thegeneratingdrivebetweencutterandworkpiecedoesnotinvolvearackorleadscrewsinceonlycircularmotionisinvolved（由于刀具与工件之间的展成运动只包含圆周运动，因此不需要齿条或者丝杠）.Thetoolandworkpiecemovetangentially(切向移动)typically0.5mmforeachstrokeofthecutter.Onthereturnstrokethecuttermustberetracted（退让）about1mmtogiveclearanceotherwisetoolruboccursonthebackstroke（退刀）andfailureisrapid.Theadvantagesofgearshapingarethatproductionratesarerelativelyhighandthatitispossibleto

cutrightuptoashoulder（将齿插到接近轴肩处）.Unfortunately,for

helicalgears（斜齿轮）,a

helicalguide（螺旋导轨）isrequiredtoimposearotationalmotiononthe

strokingmotion（需要有一个能够产生绕插齿运动行程本身旋转的螺旋导轨）；…………suchhelicalguidescannotbeproducedeasilyorcheaplysothemethodisonlysuitable

forlongrunswithhelicalgears（斜齿轮的大批量加工）sincespecialcuttersandguidesmustbemanufacturedforeachdifferenthelixangle.Agreatadvantageofgearshapingisitsabilitytocut

annular（环形的，轮状的）gearssuchasthoserequiredforlarge

epicyclicdrives（行星齿轮传动）.GearHobbing（滚齿）Gearhobbing，themostusedmetalcuttingmethod，usestherackgeneratingprinciple（齿条展成原理）butavoidsslowreciprocationbymountingmany“racks”ona

rotatingcutter（旋转刀具）.The“racks”aredisplacedaxiallytoforma

gashed（很深的裂缝）worm（这些“齿条”轴向排布，形成了有缝的蜗杆）.Metalremovalratesarehighsincenoreciprocationofhoborworkpiece（滚刀和工件）isrequiredandsocuttingspeedsof40m/mincanbeusedforconventionalhobs（普通滚刀）andupto150m/minforcarbidehobs（硬质合金滚刀）.Typicallywitha100mmdiameterhobtherotationspeedwillbe100rpmandsoatwentytoothworkpiecewillrotateat5rpm.…………Eachrevolutionoftheworkpiecewillcorrespondto0.75mmfeedsothehobwilladvancethroughtheworkpieceatabout4mmperminute.Forcarproduction

roughingmultiplestarthobs（多头粗加工滚刀）canbeusedwithcoarsefeedsof3mmperrevolutionsothat100rpmonthecutter,a

two-starthob（双头滚刀）anda20toothgearwillgiveafeedrateof30mm/min.GearBroaching（拉齿）Gearbroachingisnotusuallyusedfor

helicalgears（斜齿轮）butisusefulforinternal

spurgears（直齿轮）；theprincipleuseofbroaching

inthiscontext（在这种情况下）isfor

internalsplines（内花键）whichcannoteasilybemadebyanyothermethod.Aswithallbroachingthemethodisonlyeconomicforlargequantitiessince

setupcosts（设备的费用）arehigh.GearBroachinggiveshighaccuracyandlowsurfaceroughness（低表面粗糙度）butlikeallcuttingprocessesislimitedto“soft”materialswhichmustbesubsequently（随后）case-hardenedorheattreated（表面硬化或者热处理），givingdistortion（产生变形）.GearShaving（剃齿）Gearshavingisusedasfinishingprocessesforgearsinthe“soft”state.Theobjectiveisto

improvesurfaceroughnessandprofile（降低齿面粗糙度和改善齿廓形状）bymatingtheroughed-outgearwitha“cutter”whichwillimproveform（通过采用具有较高齿形精度的“刀具”与经过粗加工的齿轮进行啮合）.Agearshavingcutterlookslikeagearwhichhasextraclearance（附加的凹槽）attheroot(forswarfandcoolantremoval细铁屑冷却液排除)andwhosetoothflankshavebeengrooved（开小槽）togivecuttingedges（形成切削刃）.…………Itisruninmeshwiththeroughgearwithcrossedaxes（剃齿刀与经过粗加工的齿轮成交错轴啮合传动）sothatthereisintheorypointcontact（点接触）witharelativevelocity

alongtheteeth（沿轮齿）giving

scrapingaction（刮削作用）.Thegearshavingcutterteetharerelativelyflexibleinbendingandsowillonlyoperateeffectivelywhentheyareindoublecontactbetweentwogearteeth（剃齿刀的刀齿具有相当的弯曲柔性，因此，只有当它们在两个轮齿之间并且与这两个轮齿都接触时，才能有效地进行切削工作）.…………Thegearandcutteroperateathighrotationalspeedswith

traversing（通过、穿过）oftheworkfaceandabout100micronofmaterialisremoved.

Cycletimes（周期时间）canbelessthanhalfaminuteandthemachinesarenotexpensivebutcutterare

delicate（精密）anddifficulttomanufacture.GearGrinding（磨齿）Geargrindingisextremelyimportantbecauseitisthemainway

hardenedgears（淬硬齿轮）aremachined.Whenhighaccuracyisrequireditisnotsufficientto

pre-correct（预先校正）forheattreatmentdistortionandgrindingisthennecessary.Thesimplestapproachtogeargrindingisformgrinding（成形磨削法）.Thewheelprofileisdressed（修整）accuratelytoshapeusingsinglepointdiamondswhicharecontrolledbytemplatescuttotheexactshaperequired（采用由精密切削成形的样板控制的单刃金刚石可以将砂轮修整成精确的形状）.…………Theprofiledwheelisthen

reciprocated（往返进给）

axiallyalongthegear（沿轴向）,whenonetoothshapehasbeenfinished,involvingtypically100micronmetalremoval,thegearis

indexedto（索引、分度到）thenexttoothspace.Thismethodisfairlyslowbutgiveshighaccuracyconsistently.Settingupislengthybecausedifferent

dressingtemplates（砂轮修整样板）areneededifmodule,numberofteeth,helixangle,or

profilecorrection（齿廓修形量）arechanged.Thefastestgeargrindingmethodusesthesameprincipleasgearhobbing（滚齿）butreplacesa

gashedandrelievedworm（有排屑槽的蜗杆形滚齿刀）byagrindingwheelwhichisarackinsection（截面为齿条的砂轮）.…………Only

singlestartworms（单头蜗杆形）arecutonthewheel（砂轮）butgearrotationspeedsarehigh,100rpmtypically,soitisdifficulttodesignthedrivesystemtogive

accuracyandrigidity（精度和刚度）.Accuracyoftheprocessisreasonablyhighalthoughthereisatendencyforwheelandworkpieceto

deflectvariably（不同的变形量）duringgrindingsothewheelformmayrequire

compensation（补偿）for

machinedeflectioneffects（机床变形的影响）…………Generationofawormshapeonthegrindingwheelisaslowprocess（将砂轮展成为一个蜗杆形状是一个缓慢的过程）since

adressingdiamond（修整砂轮的金刚石）mustnotonly