大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷21（共265题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷21（共9套）

（共265题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第1套

一、长篇阅读（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

TheCliaiigingGciicialiun[A|Ilturnsoultoday'steenagersaren,tsuscaryafterall.

ResultsofUSAWEEKEND'STeens&Parentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoung

peoplewhogelalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey'rebeingraised.

Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect.TheyspeakwithMomorDad

whentheyhaveaproblem.Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem,andtheybelieve

theirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents'lives.Manyeventhinktheirparentsare

cool!Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeep

secretfromtheirparents,rarelyisitanythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color（低

俗的）bookorCD.[B]Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundof

shockingincidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung.InOctober2000,

thesamemonththesurveywastaken,theWashington-basedCenterforMediaandPublic

AffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecentmonthofTVnews

coverageofAmericanyouth,just2%ofteenswereshewnathome,andjust1%were

portrayedinaworkselling.Incontrast,thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearly

oneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds.Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmight

spinoutofcontroloncetheyhittheturbulentwatersofadolescence.[C]Theoverallfacts

oughttoreassureus.Thesurveyshowsusthattoday'steensareaffectionate,sensibleand

farhappierthantheangryandtorturedsoulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes.

Fromothersources,wcalsoknowteenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexarein

generaldecline.We,ofcourse,needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwith

discontentandhostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourview

ofmostyoungpeople.|D]MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceuses

in-depthinterviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge-scalesurvey.Still,

inmystudiesandothersIhaveread,IfindthesamepatternsasinUSAWEEKEND'S

survey.Today'steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcomeparentalguidanceabout

importantmatterssuchascareerchoice—thoughcertainlynotMomandDad'sadviceon

mattersofpersonaltaste,suchasmusicorfashion.Whenweaskteenstochooseahero,

theyusuallyselectanolderfamilymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure.Mostteens

saytheyenjoythecompanyofbothparentsandfriends.|E|Contrarytosome

stereotypes,mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbetolerantofdifferencesamong

individuals(thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthiseasyinthecliquishenvironmentofhigh

school).Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople.One

prevalentqualitywehavefoundinteens'statementsaboutthemselves,theirfriendsand

theirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone.Byandlarge,theseareverynice

kids,andasthebandTheWhousedtosing,"Thekidsarealright."[F]Howmuchis

today'sspiritofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulentpast?Ameregenerationago,

parent-childrelationsweredescribedas"thegenerationgap."Yeteventhenreportsof

widespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone:Mostkidsinthe'60sand'70ssharedtheir

parents*basicvalues.Still,itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthe

dawnofthisnewmillennium(千年).Perhapsthereislesstofightabout,withthecountry

inaperiodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesomebehavior

wellknown.Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidatingglobalization,ayoung

person'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhananoppressivetrap.Andperhaps

parentsareactingmorelikeparentsthanintherecentpast.Withinjustthepastfiveyears.

Ihavenoticedparentsreturningtoabeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofelders

ratherthantheliberal,"anythinggoes"modeofchild-rearingthatbecamepopularinthe

secondhalfofthe20thcentury.[G]Buimissingfromallthesedatais(hesensethat

today'syoungcareverymuchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpolitical

environment,oraboutthefutureoftheirsociety.Theyseemtobeturninginward一

generallyinapro-socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimate

relationships,buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfuture

worldbeyond,includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit.[H]Recently,weexamined

morethan400essaysonthe"lawsoflife"thatteensfromtwocommunitieshadwritten

aspartofaneducationalprograminitiatedbytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor,

Pa.Inthoseessays,andinfollow-upinterviewswithafewoftheteenagers,wefound

lotsofinsight,positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking.Butwealsofoundlittleinterest

inciviclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends.[I]For

example,onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrowsup.WhenIwas

inhighschool,dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswereddifferently.Infact,other

recentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatimeinAmericanhistorywhensosmall

aproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtoracceptedleadershiprolesinlocalcivic

organizations.Itisalsotroublingthatvotingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters一

18-to24-year-olds-arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneintournowgotothepolls,even

innationalelections,comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirst

giventhevote.|J|Inourinterviews,manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionand

distaste."Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不诚实的)onestudentdeclared.

Another,discussingnationalpolitics,said."Igettheimpressionmostpeopledon'tthinka

groupofpeoplecandothatmuch."Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld,

thestudentsmentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceoflife,

gaininggoodfriends,becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermorematerially

successfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent'svalues),andbeingmore

respectfuloftheEarth,animalsandotherpeople.Oneboysaid,"I'dratherbe

concentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething."[K]Itisfineand

healthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests,anditisgoodnewswhenyoung

peopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyandfriends.Butthereisalsoaplace

inayounglifefornoblepurposesthatincludeadedicationtothebroadersociety,alove

ofcountryandanaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions.[L]Inthepast,

theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivicaffairs,oftenwithlotsof

energyandidealism.Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,weshouldaskwhy.Oursociety

needsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensifitistocontinuetothrive.Weknow

thepromiseisthere—thisisawell-grounded,talented,warm-heartedgroupof

youngsters.Wchaveeverythingtogainbyencouragingthemtoexploretheworld

beyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshaping

thatworld.

1、Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelections

thesedays.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：题干：如今没有多少具有投票资格的年轻选民对本地或国家选举感兴

趣了。题干的关键词Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingarcinterestedinlocal

ornationalelections与1段末句的votingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters—18-

to24-year-olds—arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneinlournowgotothepolls,evenin

nationalelection*相对应，题干是对I段末句的同义替换「故本题选L

2、Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesonce

theyreachtheirteens.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题干：父母担心，他们的孩子一旦成为青少年，就会被卷入刑事犯罪

中o题干的关键词Parentsareconcernedthat和getinvolvedincriminaloffences与B

段末句的Nowonderparentsworry及倒数第二句的thecriminaljusticesystem

accountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds相对应，题干是对B段

的概括总结。故本题选B。

3、Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoftenexaggerated

inthemedia.

标准答案：F

知识点3析：题干：即使是在20世纪的动荡年代，媒体也经常会夸大年轻人的叛

逆。题干的时间关键词duringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,以及其他关键词

youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia与F段第二句的Ameregeneration

ago及第三句的thenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone相对应，题

干是对F段第二、三句的概括总结。故本题选F。

4、Teenagersoftodayoftenturntotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportantmattersas

careerchoice.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干：如今的年轻人经常向父母寻求关于职业选择等重要事项的建

议。题干的人物关键词Teenagersoftoday,以及其他关键词turntotheirparentsfor

advice,onsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice与D段第三句的Today'steenagers

及welcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice相对应，题

干是对D段第三句的同义替换。故本题选D。

5、Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题干：如今，青少年的犯罪率和行为不端的发生率在逐渐降低。题干

的关键词Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehavior和isdecreasingnowadays4

C段第三句的teenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline相对

应，题干是对C段第三句的同义替换。故本题选C。

6、Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：题干：年轻人在生活中应该具有崇高的理想，努力成为领导人。题干

的关键词Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyideals和strivetobeleaders与K段末句的a

placeinayounglifefornoblepurposes及anaspirationtomaketheirownleadership

contributions相对应，题干是对K段末句的同义替换。故本题选K。

7、Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon'twanttheirparents

toknowaboutit.

标准答案：A

知识点角1析：题干：一些年轻人想要保留一些秘密，不想让父母知道。题干的关键

词Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselves和don'twanttheirparents

toknowaboutit与A段末句的haveallobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeep

secretfromiheirparems相对应，题干是对A段末句的同义替换。故本题选A。

8、Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldandgetready

tomakeitabetterplace.

标准答案：L

知识点解析：题干：鼓励年轻人探索更广阔的世界，并准备好使其变成一个更美好

的世界，这是有益的。题干的关键词encourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroader

worldgetreadytomakeitabetterplace和isbeneficial与L段末句的encouraging

themtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselves

fortheirturnatshapingthatworld及Wehaveeverythingtogain相对应，题干是对L

段末句的同义替换。故本题选L。

9、Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy.

标准答案：E

知识点解苏•：题干：许多年轻人现在自愿为有需要的人提供服务。题干的关键词

offertorenderservicetotheneedy和Manyteenagers与E段第二句的Manyofthem

volunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople相对应，题干是对E段第

二句的同义替换。故本题选E。

10、Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedaboutpersonal

matters.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：题干：从对学生的采访中发现，他们中的许多人只关心自己的事情。

题干的关键词Interviewswithstudents和onlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatter与J段

第一句的Inourinterviews第四句的studentsmentionedonlypersonalconcerns相对

应，题干是对J段第一、四句的同义替换。故本题选J。

TheAmericanWorkplaceIsBroken.Here'sHowWecanStartFixingIt.[A]Americans

areworkinglongerandharderhoursthaneverbefore.83%ofworkerssaythey're

stressedabouttheirjobs,nearly50%saywork-relatedstressisinterferingwiththeir

sleep,and60%usetheirsmartphonestocheckinwithworkoutsideofnormalworking

hours.Nowonderonly13%ofemployeesworldwidefeelengagedintheiroccupation.

|B]Glimmers（少许）ofhope,however,arebeginningtoemergeinthisbruising

environment:Americansarcbecomingawareofthetolltheirjobstakeonthem,and

employersareexploringwaystoalleviatetheharmfuleffectsofstressandoverwork.Yet

muchmoreworkremainstobedone.Tocallstressanepidemicisn'texaggeration.The

83%ofAmericanemployeeswhoarestressedabouttheirjobs—upfrom73%justayear

before-saythatpoorcompensationandanunreasonableworkloadaretheirnumber-one

sourcesofstress.Andifyoususpectedthattheworkplacehadgottenmorestressfulthan

itwasjustafewdecadesago,you'reright.Stresslevelsincreased18%forwomenand

24%formenfrom1983to2009.Stressisalsostartingearlierinlife,withsomedata

suggestingthattoday'steensareevenmorestressedthanadults.|C]Stressistakinga

significanttollonourhealth,andthecollectivepublichealthcostmaybeenormous.

Occupationalstressincreasestheriskofheartattackanddiabetes,acceleratestheaging

process,decreaseslongevity,andcontributestodepressionandanxiety,amongnumerous

othernegativehealthoutcomes.Overall,stress-relatedhealthproblemsaccountforupto

90%ofhospitalvisits,manyofthempreventable.Yourjobis'literallykillingyou,"as

TheWashingtonPostputit.It'salsohurtingourrelationships.Workingparentssaythey

feelstressed,tired,rushedandshortonqualitytimewiththeirchildren,friendsand

partners.|D]Sevenin10workerssaytheystruggletomaintainwork-lifebalance.As

technology（andwithit,v/orkemails）seeps（渗入）intoeveryaspectofourlives,work­

lifebalancehasbecomeanalmostmeaninglessterm.Addarapidlychangingeconomy

andanuncertainfuturetothis24/7connectivity,andyou'vegotarecipefbroverwork,

accordingtoPhyllisMoen."There'srisingworkdemandcoupledwiththeinsecurityof

mergers,takeovers,downsizingandotherfactors,“Moensaid."Partofthework-life

issuehastotalkaboutuncertaintyaboutthefuture."[E|Thesefactorshaveconvergedto

createanincreasinglyimpossiblesituationwithmanyemployeesoverworkingtothe

pointofburnout.It'snotonlyunsustainableforworkers,butalsoforthecompaniesthat

employthem.Sciencehasshownaclearcorrelationbetweenhighstresslevelsinworkers

andabsenteeism（旷工），reducedproductivity,disengagementandhighturnover.Too

manyworkplacepolicieseffectivelyprohibitemployeesfromdevelopingahealthyv/ork-

lifebalancebybarringthemfromtakingtimeoff,evenwhentheyneeditmost.|F]The

U.S.trailsfarbehindeverywealthynationandmanydevelopingonesthathavefamily­

friendlyworkpoliciesincludingpaidparentalleave,paidsickdaysandbreast-feeding

support,accordingtoa2007study.TheU.S.isalsotheonlyadvancedeconomythatdoes

notguaranteeworkerspaidvacationtime,andit'soneofonlytwocountriesintheworld

thatdoesnotofferguaranteedpaidmaternityleave.Butevenwhenemployeesaregiven

paidtimeoff,workplacenormsandexpectationsthatpressurethemtooverworkoften

preventthemfromtakingit.Fulltimeemployeeswhodohavepaidvacationdaysonly

usehalfofthemonaverage.[G]Ourmodernworkplacesalsooperatebasedonoutdated

timeconstraints.Thepracticeofclockinginforaneight-hourworkdayisaleftoverfrom

thedaysoftheIndustrialRevolution,asreflectedinthethen-popularsaying,"Eighthours

labor,eighthoursrecreation,eighthoursrest."[H]We'veheldontothisworkday

structure—butthankstoourdigitaldevices,manyemployeesneverreallyclockout.

Today,theaverageAmericanspends8.8hoursatworkdaily,andthemajorityof

workingprofessionalsspendadditionalhourscheckinginwithworkduringevenings,

weekendsandevenvacations.Theproblemisn'tthetechnologyitself,butthatthe

technologyisbeingusedtocreatemoreflexibilityfortheemployerratherthanthe

employee.Inacompetitiveworkenvironment,employersareabletousetechnologyto

demandmorefromtheiremployeesratherthanmotivatingworkerswithflexibilitythat

benefitsthem.[I]Inastudypublishedlastyear,psychologistscoinedtheterm

"workplacetelepressure"todescribeanemployee'surgetoimmediatelyrespondto

emailsandengageinobsessivethoughtsaboutreturninganemailtoone'sboss,

colleaguesorclients.Theresearchersfoundthattelepressureisamajorcauseofstressat

work,whichovertimecontributestophysicalandmentalburnout.Ofthe300employees

participatinginthestudy,thosewhoexperiencedhighlevelsoftelepressureweremore

likelytoagreewithstatementsassessingburnout,like'I'venoenergyforgoingtowork

inthemorning,"andtoreportfeelingfatiguedandunfocused.Tclcpressurcwasalso

correlatedwithsleepingpoorlyandmissingwork.|J|HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessor

LesliePerlowexplainsthatwhenpeoplefeelthepressuretobealwaysMon,"theyfind

waystoaccommodatethatpressure,includingalteringtheirschedules,workhabitsand

interactionswithfamilyandfriends.Perlowcallsthisviciouscyclethe"cycleof

responsiveness":Oncebossesandcolleaguesexperienceanemployee'sincreased

responsiveness,theyincreasetheirdemandsontheemployee'stime.Andbecausea

failuretoaccepttheseincreaseddemandsindicatesalackofcommitmenttoonc*swork,

theemployeecomplies.|K]Toaddressskyrocketingemployeestresslevels,many

companieshaveimplementedworkplacewellnessprograms,partneringwithhealthcare

providersthathavecreatedprogramstopromoteemployeehealthandwell-being.Some

researchdoessuggestthattheseprogramsholdpromise.Astudyofemployeesathealth

insuranceproviderAetnarevealedthatroughlyonequarterofthosetakingin-officeyoga

andmindfulnessclassesreporteda28%reductionintheirstresslevelsanda20%

improvementinsleepquality.TheseIcss-strcsscdworkersgainedanaverageof62

minutesperweekofproductivity.Whileyogaandmeditation(静思)arescientifically

proventoreducestresslevels,theseprogramsdolittleiotargettherootcausesofburnout

anddisengagement.Theconditionscreatingthestressarelonghours,unrealistic

demandsanddeadlines,andwork-lifeconflict.[L]Moenandhercolleaguesmayhave

foundthesolution.Ina2011study,sheinvestigatedtheeffectsofimplementinga

ResultsOnlyWorkEnvironment(ROWE)ontheproductivityandwell-beingof

employeesatBestBuy'scorporateheadquarters.[M]Forthestudy,325employeesspent

sixmonthstakingpariinROWE,whileacontrolgroupof334employeescontinuedwith

theirnormalworkflow.TheROWEparticipantswereallowedtofreelydeterminewhen,

whereandhowtheyworked—theonlythingthatmatteredwasthattheygotthejobdone.

Theresultswerestriking.Aftersixmonths,theemployeeswhoparticipatedinROWE

reportedreducedwork-familyconflictandabettersenseofcontrolofiheirtime,andthey

weregettingafullhourofextrasleepeachnight.Theemployeeswerelesslikelytoleave

iheirjobs,resultinginreducedturnover.It'simportanttonotethattheincreased

flexibilitydidn'tencouragethemtoworkaroundtheclock."Theydidn'tworkanywhere

andallthetime—theywerebetterabletomanagetheirwork,"Moensaid."Flexibility

andcontroliskey,"shecontinued.

11、Workplacenormspressureemployeestooverwork,deterringthemfromtakingpaid

timeoff.

标准答案：F

知识点解析：题干：职场标准迫使员工过劳工作，阻止他们带薪休假。题干的关键

词Workplacenorms和deterringthemfromtakingpaidtimeoff与F段倒数第二句的

workplacenorms及preventthemfromtakingit(it指paidtimeoff)相对应，题干是对

F段倒数第二句的同义替换。故本题选F。

12、Theoverwhelmingmajorityofemployeesattributetheirstressmainlytolowpay

andanexcessiveworkload.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题干：绝大多数员工认为自己的压力主要源于低工资和过度的工作负

担。题干的人物关键词Theoverwhelmingmajorityofemployees,以及其他关键词

lowpayandanexcessiveworkload>attributetheirstressmainlyto与B段第四句的

The83%ofAmericanemployees及poorcompensationandanunreasonableworkload,

theftnumber-onesourcesofstress相对应，题干是对B段第四句的同义替换。故木

题选

13、AccordingtoMoen,flexibilitygivesemployeesbettercontrolovertheirworkand

time.

标准答案：M

知识点解析：题干：根据莫恩的说法，灵活性能够让员工更好地协调自己的工作和

生活。题干的人物关键词Moen,以及其他关键词flexibility、bettercontrolover

theirworkandtime与原文M段末句的Moensaid/Flexibilityandcontroliskey相对

应，题干是对M段最后两句的概括总结。故本题选M。

14、Flexibilityresultingfromtheuseofdigitaldevicesbenefitsemployersinsteadof

employees.

标上答案：H

知识点解析：题干：因使用数字设备而产生的灵活性对雇主有利，而非员工。题干

的关键词Flexibilitybenefitsemployersinsteadofemployees和theuseofdigital

devices与H段第三句的createmoreflexibilityfortheemployerratherthanthe

employee及首句的thankstoourdigitaldevices相对应，题干是对H段第一、三句的

概括总结。故本题选H。

15、Researchfindsthatifemployeessufferfromhighstress,theywillbelessmotivated,

lessproductiveandmorelikelytoquit.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：题干：研究发现，如果员工压力过大，他们的工作积极性就会降低，

I：作效率下降，更有可能离职。题干的关键词Researchfindsthatifemployeessuffer

fromhighstress和belessproductiveandmorelikelytoquit与E段第三句的Science

hasshownaclearcorrelationbetweenhighstresslevelsinworkers...highturnover相对

应，题干是对E段第三句的同义替换。故本题选E,

16、In-officewellnessprogramsmayhelpreducestresslevels,buttheyarehardlyan

ultimatesolutiontotheproblem.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：题干：办公室内的健身项目可能有助于缓解压力，但它们难以完全解

决该问题。题干的关键词In-officewellnessprograms和hardlyanultimatesolutionto

theproblem与K段第五句的yogaandmeditation及dolittletotargettherootcauses

相对应，题干是对K段第五句的同义替换。故本题选K。

17、Healthproblemscausedbystressintheworkplaceresultinhugepublichealth

expenses.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题干：职场压力带来的健康问题导致巨大的公共健康支出。题干的关

键词Healthproblemscausedbystress和resultinhugepublichealthexpenses与C段

首句的Stressistakingasignificanttollonourhealththecollectivepublichealthcost

maybeenormous相对应，题干是对C段首句的同义替换。故本题选C。

18、Ifemployeesrespondquicklytotheirjobassignments,theemployerislikelyto

demandmorefromthem.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：题干：如果员工迅速响应工作任务，雇主就有可能对他们提出更多的

要求。题干的关键词employeesrespondquickly和demandmorefromthem与J段第

二句的anemployee'sincreasedresponsiveness及increasetheirdemandsonthe

employee'stime对应，题干是对J段第二句的同义替换。故本题选J。

19、Withtechnologyeverywhereinourlife,ithasbecomevirtuallyimpossibleformost

workerstokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：题干：随着科技渗透我们生活的方方面面，大多数工人保持工作和生

活的平衡实际上是不可能的。题干的关键词technologyeverywhereinourlife和

impossibleformostworkerstokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife与D段第二句的

technologyseepsintoeveryaspectofourlives及work—lifebalancehasbecomean

almostmeaninglessterm相对应，题干是对D段第二句的同义替换。故本题选D。

20、InAmericatoday,eventeenagerssufferfromstress,andtheirproblemisevenmore

seriousthangrown-ups*.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：题干：在当今的美国，即使是青少年也有压力，他们的问题甚至比成

年人还要严重。题干的关键词teenagerssufferfromstress和evenmoreseriousthan

grown-ups与B段末句的today飞teensareevenmorestressedthanadults相对应，题

干是对B段末句的同义替换。故本题选B。

二、仔细阅读(本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。)

Closeto6,000individuals,amongthemmanyhistorians,havesignedanonlinepetition

protestingtherecentdecisionbyadministratorsatAstonUniversityinBirmingham,

U.K.,todissolvetheirdepartmentofhistory,languagesandtranslationandtorenderthe

facultymembers"redundant'1—thatis,toterminatetheircontractswithinthenextfew

years.Fromaperspectivebeyondtheethicsofemploymentinhighereducation,whatis

happeningatAstonamplifiesalarmsthathavebeguntoringelsewhereaswell,notjustin

theU.K.butalsohereintheUnitedStates.Itappears,basedonTheGuardian'sreporting,

thatthedecisionatAstoncouldbepartofabroaderattackonhumanitiesteachinginthe

so-calledmodernuniversitiesintheU.K.thatcaterinparticulartofirst-generation

collegestudents.Similarly,inAmerica,especiallyatnoneliteuniversities,governing

boardsandadministratorshavemistakenlyassumedthathistoryandotherhumanities

subjectsdonotpreparestudentsforjobs.Statelegislatureshaveevenbeguntoconsider

proposalstoliefinancialaidtoastudent'sdeclarationofmajorsthat"leaddirectlyto

employment."Thisisnotamatterofthescience,technology,engineeringand

mathematicsdisciplines(STEM)versusthehumanities.Onewouldbehard-pressedto

seewherephysicsleadsanymore"directly"toimmediateemploymentthanhistory.

Instead,itisanattackontwooftheverypremisesofundergraduateeducationina

democraticsociety:accesstoopportunityandpreparationforcitizenship.Many

employersareseekingentry-levelapplicantswhoknowhowtolearn,ratherthan,orin

additionto,specificoccupationalknowledge.Moreover,learninghowtolearn-indeed,

thehungerforlifelonglearning—mightwellbemoreappropriatetoaneconomythai

shiftsasrapidlyasweseetoday,nottomentiontheforeseeablefuture.WhenAston

Universityeliminatesprogramsinhistoryandotherhumanitiesdisciplines,itisdenying

itsstudentsthebroadeducationalfoundationnecessarytoopenopportunitiesavailableto

theirpeersattheUniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge.Aston'sdefenseseemstobethat

itwantstoprovidea"practical"education.History,likeotherhumanitiesdisciplines,

mightnotpreparestudentsforparticularjobs.Butitpreparesthemforalifeofcareers.

Studentswholearntothinkhistoricallywillbelifelonglearners.Inthe21st-century

economy,thatisratherpracticalindeed.Everythinghasahistory.AsoneAstonstudent

recentlyexplained,"IfeelliketheskillsIamlearninginthisdegree,Icouldtake

anywhere.It'saboutputtingtogetherinformationandbackingupanargumentwith

evidence.Theideathathistoryisn'tanemployabledegreeisjustbizarre.”

21>WhathavetheAdministratorsatAstonUniversityrecentlydecidedtodo?

A、Toterminatesomehumanitiesdepartments.

B>Toinvitemorehistorianstodeliverlectures.

C>Torenewfacultymembers'contracts.

D^Toredesignhistoryandlanguagescourses.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词AdministratorsatAstonUniversity和

recentlyhavedecided可定位至第一段，该段指出Closeto6000

individuals...terminatetheircontractswithinthenextfewyears（包括许多历史学家在

内的近6000人签署了一份在线请愿书，抗议位于英国伯明翰阿斯顿大学的管理人

员近期作出的一项决定，该决定将解散他们的历史系、语言系和翻译系，致使这些

教职工变得“多余”，也就是说，在未来几年内终止他们的合同），A项“停办部分人

文院系”是对todissolvetheirdepartmentofhistory,languagesandtranslation的同义替

换。故本题选A。B项“邀请更多历史学家来做讲座”与第一段的“许多历史学家参

与了请愿”表述不符。C项“跟教职员工续签合同”与第一段的“终止这些教职员工的

合同”表述相反，属于正反混淆。D项”重新设计历史和语言课程”与第一段的“将解

散历史系、语言系和翻译系”表述不符。

22、WhatistheopinionofmanagersofsomeAmericannoneliteuniversitiesabout

humanitiessubjects?

A>Theyhardlyattractfirst-generationcollegestudents.

B、Theyareineffectiveinhelpingstudentsfindjobs.

C、Theyfailtopromotestudents'creativethinking.

D、Theyarcinneedofexcessivefederalfinancialsupport.

标准答案：R

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词managers和Americannoneliteuniversities

可定位至第二段第三句，该句指出Similarly,inAmerica,especiallyat

nonelite...historyandotherhumanitiessubjectsdonotpreparestudentsfbrjobs（同样，

在美国，尤其是在非精英大学，管理委员会和行政人员错误地认为历史和