大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷88（共215题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷88（共9套）

（共215题）

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第1套

一、词汇理解（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Unlessmeasuresarctakenalonuc,llicicisapussibilil）dialalltheoceansuftheworld

willbedeadbythenextcentury.Howcanthispossiblyhappen?Wehavealreadyseen

thatpeople[Cl]allkindsofwasteproductstobethrownintotheseaItis

almost[C2]tomeasurehowmuchindustrialwasteendsupinouroceans,but

wecan[C3]howmuchoilispouredintothemaccordingtothelawandagainst

thelaw.Itisagainstthelawtopouroilintothesea[C4]totheshore,butwhen

ashipismanymilesouttotheseatherearenosuch[C5].Estimateofthe

amountofoilpouredinEuropeanWaters[C6]isabout200,000tonsevery

year.Somepeoplesaythe[C7]couldbetentimesashigharoundtheworld.It

isnotonlyour[C8]thatsufferfromoilpollution.Amongotherthings,many

fishnowcontainveryhighamountsof[C9]substances.Nexttimeyouhavefish

toeat,howcanyoubesurethattheyarefreefromoilpollution?Youcannotseethe

[CIO]andyoucannottastethem,either.Itisreallyquiteaproblem.Nearlyall

ofthecountriesaretryinghardtopreventandcontroloilpollution.Wehopethattheday

willsooncomewhenfishwillbefreefromoilpollution.A.limitationsB.seashoresC.

allowD.invadeE.closeF.poisonousG.afterwardsH.agendaI.editJ.figureK.

impossibleL.aloneM.effectsN.calculateO.extensive

1、[Cl]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处应为及物动词充当谓谙成分。根据上下文的意思“人们各

种各样的废物被扔进大海“，只有allow（允许）最合适。

2、[C2]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：此处应为形容词，可与I。搭配，与is构成本句谓语。上一句提到的

扔进大海的废物是allkinds,因此可推断tomeasurehowmuch是很难或不可能的,

词库中只有impossible最合适。

3、[C3]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：此处应为动词原形。根据but一词表示的转折关系，可以推断空白处

的动词应与前面分句中的measure一词近义，因此答案为calculate。

4、[C4]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：此处应为形容词，与iotheshore构成thesea的后置定语。根据本句

+but引出的转折分句及其中的manymilesouttothesea,可以推断空白处与其意

思相反，因此答案为close。

5、[C5]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处应为名词。比较该分句与前一分句的内容，可以推断空白处的单

词应与前面分旬中的【helaw意思相近，因此limiladons为正确答案。

6、[C6]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：此处应为副词。根据上下文，该副词应涉及倾倒废油的范围，因此答

案为aloneo

7、[C7]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：此处应为名词。联系上一句提到欧洲水域石油的倾泄量及本句中的

luntimesashigharoundIlieworld,可以推断figure最合适。

8、[C8]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处应为名词。本句是对上一段的总结，起到承上启下的作用。因此

seashores是本题答案。

9、[C9]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处应为形容词。联系下一句的oilpollulion,可以推断该形容词应

表示消极意义。因此答案为poisonous。

10、[CIO]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：此处应为名词。上卜.文提到我们不能知道鱼是否有毒，我们既无从知

道吃这种鱼的后果，也不能去吃这种鱼以确定它是否有毒，由此可见，effects最合

适。

Betterthinktwicebeforechoosingapasswordforemails,onlinebankaccountsand

airlinetickets.Passwordsthatshownoimaginationor[Cl]areeasy（捕获物）

forinformationpirates（劫掠者），anewUSstudysays.A（n）[C2]analysisof

28,000passwordsrecentlystolenfromapopularUSwebsiteandpostedontheInternet

[C3]thatpeopleoftendotheeasything.Itfoundthat16percenttookafirst

nameasapassword,[C4]theirownoroneoftheirchildren's,accordingtothe

studypublishedbyInformationWeek.Another14percentreliedontheeasiestkeyboard

[C5]toremembersuchas"1234"or"12345678."ForthoseusingEnglish

keyboards,"QWERTY",waspopular.Likewise,"AZERTY"[C61withpeople

withEuropeankeyboards.Fivepercentofthestolenpasswordswerenamesoftelevision

showsorstarspopularwithyoungpeoplelike"hannah,"[C7]bysingerHannah

Montana."Pokemon,'*"Matrix,"and"Ironman"wereothers.Theword"password,"or

easytoguessvariationslike"passwordl,"accountedforfourpercent.Threepercentofthe

passwordsexpressed[C8]like"Idon'tcare,""Whatever,'1"Yes"or"No."There

were[C9]choices一"Iloveyou"一andtheiropposite一"Ihateyou."Robert

Graham,ofthecompanyErrataSecurity,whichdidtheanalysisandpublishedthe

conclusions,advisesthattobetterprotectagainstcyber[CIO]______:"choosea

passwordthatislongerthaneightcharacterswithonecapitalletterandonesymbol."A.

invasionB.criticalC.combinationsD.attitudesE.furnishedF.uniquenessG.revealsH.

scoredI.generallyJ.liberatesK.emotionalL.statisticalM.converselyN.principleO.

inspired

11、[Cl]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处应为名词，与前面的imagination并列。此处的名词应能与前面

的否定词no构成容易被盗的密码的特点，即“没有相象力或不够”，适合这个内容

的只有uniqueness一词°

12、[C2]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：此处应为形容词。根据该段和下面几段提到的数据和数字，可以推断

文中提到的研究主要是对数据做出“统计”分析，因比，此处应为statistical一词。

13、[C3]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：此处应为动词，在句中作谓语。空白处后的that在句中引导宾语从

句，给出的动词中只有reveal后面可跟宾语从句，且符合句意。

14、[C4]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处应为副词。本题空白处及其后的Iheirownoroneoftheir

children飞是对前面firstname的补充说明，说明人们“通常”用自己或孩子的first

name作为密码，可见本题答案应为generally“通常”。

15、[C5]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处应为名词。本句句末的suchas…通过举例说明人们喜欢用键盘

上简单的数字“组合”作为密码，在词库中，与该词义最相近的是combinalions。

16、[C6]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：此处应为动词。本题句子开头的Likewise表明本句的内容与上句并

列，因此，此处填写的动词应表明欧洲人"喜欢'用AZERTY作为密码。当score用

作不及物动词时，与with搭配，后面跟sb.,表示“讨好某人，使某人高兴”，该

含义适合本句要求，因此，本题答案是scored。

17、[C7]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：空白处后的by表明此处应为动词的过去分词。本题空白处及其后的

内容是对前面hannah的补充说明，说明hannah的“来源”，因此，本题应选择

inspired,表明hannah来源于歌星HannahMontana的名字。

18、[C8]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处应为名词。本题所在的句子中提到的"1don'tcare”，

“Whatever”,“丫6丁。/讽0”表明的都是“态度”，因此，alliludes是最适合本题的选

择。

19>[C9]

标准答案:K

知识点解析：此处应为形容词。木段提到的love和hate都表“情感”，形容词词库

中只有emotional适合。

20、[C10]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处应为名词。本题所在的段落可视为全文的结论部分，前面的段落

提到的内容都是为了提醒我们选择一个适当的密码以抵御网络盗窃或网络“入侵”，

因此，名词词库中的invasion为本题答案。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第2套

一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)

Afterthreeyearsofpreciseanalysis,X-raysandinfra-red(红夕卜线的)imaging,experts

claimtohaveuncoveredtheonlysurvivingportraitofWilliamShakespearepainted

duringhislife.Thecanvas(油画)isthoughttohavebeenpaintedin1610—sixyears

beforetheplaywright'sdeath—whenhewasabout46yearsold.Forthreecenturiesthe

familywhokeptitwas[Cl]oftheidentityofthefigureintheportrait.

AccordingtoAlecCobbe,anartrestorer(做修复工作的人),atone[C2]it

hadbeenthoughttobeofSirWalterRaleigh.In2006,hevisitedtheNationalPortrait

GalleryandsawapaintingofShakespearethat[C3]intheFolger

ShakespeareLibrary,Washington.Ithadbeen[C4]asalifeportraitof

Shakespeare,butwasdenied70yearsago.Mr.Cobbesawthepaintingandrealizedthe

[C5]withthepaintinghehad[C6].Believinghispaintingtobe

the[C7],hecontactedProfessorStanleyWells,chairmanofThe

ShakespeareBirthplaceTrust,whowas[C8]skeptical(怀疑的).Prof.Wells

said,"Myfirstimpressionwasskepticism—Iamascholar.Butmy[C9]has

grownwiththeamountofevidenceaboutthepainting.Iamwillingtogo90percentof

thewaytodeclaringmyconfirmationthatthisistheonlylifetimeportraitof

Shakespeare.Itmarksa[CIO]developmentinthehistoryofShakespearian

portraiture."ThepaintingwasdisplayedfinallyattheShakespeareBirthplaceTrustin

Stratford-upon-AvononApril23,Shakespeare'sbirthday.A)acceptedF)inheritedK)

similaritiesB)envyG)initiallyL)standsC)excitementH)majorM)timeD)hangsI)

obtainedN)uliimaielyE)idealJ)originalO)unsure

1、(Cl]

标准答案：O

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为系动词was,后为介词of,故应填入形容

词。由空格后一句可知，这幅画一度被认为是沃尔特.雷利爵士的画像。因此，可

以推断，3个世纪以来，收藏这幅画的科比家族并不清楚画上人物的身份。结合选

项可知，O)unsure“不确定的”符合句意，故为答案。

2、[C2]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：固定搭配题。分析句子结构可知，空格与atone搭配作状语修饰整个

句子，应填入名词。结合选项可知，固定搭配atonetime”曾经，一度”符合句意，

所以应选M)timeo

3、[C3]

标准答案：I)

知识点解析：动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格前tha【引导的定语从句修饰a

paintingofShakespeare,且that在从句中作主语，故空格处应是谓语动词。该句表

明，阿力克.科比看到一幅于华盛顿的福尔杰.莎士比亚图书馆的莎士比亚

画像。结合选项可知，D)hangs"把……挂在墙上”符合句意。由于这幅画像悬拒于

华盛顿的福尔杰.莎士比亚图书馆是客观事实，故使用hang的第三人称单数形式。

4、[C4]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格前是hadbeen,空格处应为动

词的过去分词形式。由句意判断，这幅画曾被是莎翁的生活画像，但这种

说法早在70年前就被否定了。前后存在转折关系，结合选项可知。A)accepted”接

受''符合句意，故为答案。

5、[C5]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：名词辨析题。空格前为定冠词the,空格处应为名词。本句两次出现

thepainting,第一次指悬挂于华盛顿的福尔杰.莎士比亚图书馆的莎士比亚画像，第

二次指科比木人拥有的画像V因为科比拥有的画像在首段就被确定为莎士比亚的画

像，所以当科比看到图书馆的画像时，稍经对比就意识到该画像和自己的那幅有相

似之处，所以应填入K)similarities。

6、[C6]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格与had构成过去完成时，故空

格处应为动词的过去分词形式。空格所在的定语从句修饰第二个thepainting。由上

文可知，这幅画是科比家族3个世纪以来的珍藏，因此可以判断，这幅画是一代一

代传下来，传到了科比手里，所以应填入"inherited“继承

7、[C7]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：语义推断题。分析句子结构可知，believesth.tobe...可搭配形

容词作表语，或者直接跟名词。由于空格前有定冠词the,所以空格处应为名词，

并且空格所在的短语为现在分词短语作原因状语。由句意可知。科比相信自己的画

像是________,所以他联系斯坦利.韦尔斯教授一辨真伪。结合选项可知，

J)original“原作，原稿”符合句意，故为答案。

8、[C8]

标准答案：G

知识点解析•：副词学析题。分析句子结构可知，空格所在的定语从句主干结构完

整，故空格处应为副词，修饰skeptical。由空格后的“Myfirstimpressionwas

skepticism”可以推断，韦尔斯教授一开始对这幅画持怀疑态度，所以应填入

G）initially“起初”。

9、[C9]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格所在句缺少主语中心词，故空

格处应为名词。根据文义推断，虽然韦尔斯教授起初持怀疑态度，但随着证明这幅

画的证据越来越多，他的________也与日俱增。结合选项来看，C）excitement“激

动，兴奋''符合句意，故为答案。

10、[C10]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。空格前为不定冠词，其后为名词，空格处应为形容

词。由于韦尔斯教授有90%的把握确定这是莎士比亚在世时绘制的唯幅画

像，因此他认为这幅画标志着莎士比亚肖像画研究史上的进展。结合选项

可知，H）major“重大的”符合句意，故为答案。

二、长篇阅读（本题共/0题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

Housingofficialssaythatlatelytheyarenoticingsomethingdifferent:Studentsseemto

lackthewill,andskill,toaddresstheseordinaryconflicts."Wehavestudentswhoare

madateachotherandtheytexteachotherinthesameroom,"saysateacher."Somany

ofourroommateconflictsarebecausekidsdon'tknowhowtonegotiateaproblem."And

asanypoppsychologistwilltellyou,bottledemotionsleadtosilentseething（不满）that

canboiloverintofrustrationandanger.AttheUniversityofFlorida,emotionaloutbursts

occuraboutonceaweek,theuniversity'sdirectorofhousingandresidenceeducation

says.*'Itusedtobe:'Let'ssitdownandtalkaboutit,“'hesays."Overthepastfiveyears,

roommateconflictshaveintensified.Thestudentsdon'thavetheperson-to-person

discussionsandtheydon'tknowhowtohandlethem."Theproblemismostdramatic

amongfreshmen;housingprofessionalssaytheyseeimprovementasstudentsmove

towardgraduation,butsomeneverseemtocatchon,andtheyworryabouthowsuch

studentswilldealwithconflictsaftercollege.Administratorsspeculatethatrelianceon

cellphonesandtheInternetmayhavemadeiteasierforyoungpeopletoavoid

uncomfortableencounters.Whyexpressangerinpersonwhenyoucanventinatext?

Facebookcreatesevenmorefrictionascomplaintsgopublic."Thingsarepostedon

someone'swallonFacebook:'Oh,myroommatekeptmeupallnightstudying,M,says

DanaPysz,anassistantdirectorintheofficeofresidentiallifeattheUniversityof

California,LosAngeles."It'sadifferentwaytoexpresstheirconflicttoeachother.'*In

recentfocusgroupsatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,dormresidentssaidtheywould

notevenconfrontnoisyneighborsontheirfloor.Administratorspointtoparentswho

havefixedtheirchildren'sproblemsintheirentirelives.Nowincollege,thechildrenlack

theskillstoattendtoevenmodestconflicts.Someparentscontinuetointerveneon

campus.

11Whatisthemainreasonformanyroommateconflicts?

A、Studentsarealwaysmadateachother.

B、Studentstexteachotherinthesameroom.

C^Studentsarenotgoodatnegotiating.

D、Housingdirectorsareresponsiblelorthem.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干中的roommateconflicts定位到第一段最后一句。细节辨认

题。由定位句可知，室友之间发生冲突是因为孩子们不知道如何通过协商来解决问

题，故正确答案为C）。

12、Whatdowclearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A、Studentsshouldbottleuptheirdissatisfaction.

StudentsinFloridasitdownandtalkonceaweek.

C>Freshmenusuallyhandleconflictswell.

D、Notallstudentsareabletohandleconflictsbythelimetheygraduate.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干定位到第二段。推理判断题。第二段末句提到，这些问题在新

生中最为严重，随着学生们毕业，慢慢得到改善。但是有些学生似乎从未改变。由

前文可知，“这些问题”指的就是处理冲突的问题。并不是所有学生在毕业时都能学

会如何处理冲突，故正确答案为D）。

13、Accordingtothepassage,wecanseethatcellphonesandtheInternet.

A、makeourlifemoreconvenient

B、makeperson-to-personcommunicationeasier

C、makeiteasiertotakefrustrationout

D、enablestudentstoavoiduncomfortablemeetings

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干中的cellphonesandtheInternet定位到第三段第一句。细节辨

认题.由定位句可知,学生对手机和网络的依赖使他们更容易避开那些令人不舒服

的会面，故正确答案为D）。

14、Whatshouldparentsdoaccordingtothepassage?

A、Theyshoulddealwiththeirchildren'sproblemsintheirwholelives.

B、Theyshouldleavetheirchildrenalonetotackleanyconflicts.

C、Theyshouldinterveneintheirchildren'slifeoncampus.

D、Theyshouldteachtheirchildrentheskillstosettleconflicts.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干中的parents定位到最后一段。推理判断题。由定位段可知，

父母习惯为孩子包办一切，甚至让孩子无法独自应付普通的冲突。即孩子们本身没

有掌握相关的技巧，而这正是父母需要教给孩子们的，故正确答案为D）。

15^Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A、Students'UnhappyLifeinCollege

B、Students'FailuretoDealWithConflicts

C>Parents'InterventioninChildren'sLife

D^Teachers'ConcernAboutStudents

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干中的thebesttitleforthepassage定位到整篇文章。主旨大意

题。由整篇文章的内容可以看出，作者关注的焦点是学生们不善于解决冲突这一问

题,故B）为正确答案。

ShareholdersarewarningLloydsBankingGroupthattheyhaveresidualconcernabout

bonusesof£4milliunawardedtoexecutivesforlastyear,despiteassurancesfiuinthe

bankthatitwillreviewitsproceduresfordeterminingpayouts.Theinvestorsarebeing

urgedtotake"carefulconsideredjudgment"beforebackingthepaypoliciesatthebank

attheannualmeetingwhenvotingontheremuneration（报酬）report.TheAssociationof

BritishInsurers（ABI）,whosemembersincludethebiginsurancecompanyinvestorsin

thestockmarket,hasissuedan"ambertop"alertontheremunerationreport—an

indicationthattheABIseespotentialproblemswiththeapproachtopayandcorporate

governancethatrequirecloseanalysis.Thebank,41%ownedbythetaxpayer,has

attemptedtodefuseapotentialrowwithinvestorsoverthebonuseshandedtoits

boardroombyannouncingtheresignationofthechairmanoftheremuneration

committee,WolfgangBerndt.Heleftafterpressurefromthegovernmentoverconcerns

hehadawardeda£2.3millionbonustochiefexecutiveEricDaniels.UKFinancial

Investments,thebodywhichlooksafterthetaxpayers'stakeinBritain'sstate-supported

banks,playedakeyroleinBerndt'sdeparturebutrefusedtocommentonhowitvoteon

theremunerationreport.Danielsturnedthebonusdown,butfourboardroomcolleagues

acceptedacombined£4millioninbonusesinayearinwhichthebankreportedlosses.

PeterMontagnon,directorofinvestmentaffairsattheABI,said,"Thereissomeresidual

concernamongsomeshareholdersinthewaytheremunerationcommitteemadeits

decisiononbonuses.Wenotethatthereisanewremunerationcommitteechairman,and

acommitmenttomaintainclosedialogue,whichispositive.1'Lloydssaidthatinaddition

totougheninguptheperformancetargetsfornewbonuses,itwouldtakeextracarewhen

awardingbonusesattheendofthisyear.11Followingshareholderrepresentation,the

remunerationcommitteewillreviewperformanceagainsttargetsfortheannualincentive

（鼓励）planinlightoftheoveralloperatingperformance.Itwillexerciseitsdiscretionto

reduceawardsifitisthoughttobeappropriate,"thebanksaid.

16、Whatdoshareholdersfeelafterthebankmakescertainassurances?

ANTheycompletelytrustthebank'spromise.

B、Theystillhavedoubtsaboutthebonuses.

C^Theyholdanoptimisticattitudetowardsthebank.

D^Theythoroughlyignorethebank'sefforts.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干中的shareholders和assurances定位到第一段。细节辨认题。

由定位段可知，尽管银行方面做出相关保证，但股东们对于去年奖励给主管们400

万英镑红利这一事件仍然感到焦虑，故正确答案为B）。

17、Whatdoweknowaboutthe"ambertop"alertby（heAssociationofBritish

Insurers?

A^Itisathreattobiginsurancecompanyinvestors.

BNItindicateshowconfusingthestockmarketis.

C、Itimpliesthatpossibleissuesexistinpaymentandmanagement.

D、Itpointsouttheresponsibilitythegovernmentshouldtake.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干中的"ambertop^alert和theAssociationofBritishInsurers定位

到第三段。细节辨认题。由定位段可知，英国保险协会己发出警示，这表明其看到

了付薪方式以及公司管理体制存在的潜在问题。故正确答案为C）o

18、UKFinancialInvestmentsisaninstitutethat.

A^supportedthebankontheremunerationreport

B、caredforthebenefitsoftaxpayerscompletely

C、playedadominantroleinBritain'sstate-supportedbanks

D^madenocommentonitsvotingtheremunerationreport

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干中的UKFinancialInvestments定位到第四段最后一句。细节辨

认题。由定位句可知，英国金融投资公司管理英国国有银行纳税人的股份，但它拒

绝就如何对薪酬报告进行投票发表评论，故正确答案为D）。

19、WhatisPeterMontagnon^attitudetowardsthecommittee'swayofdeciding

bonuses?

A、Critical.

B、Objective.

C^Pessimistic.

D^Dissatisfied.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由题干中的PeterMomagnon定位到第五段第二、三句。观点态度

题。由定位句可知，彼得.蒙塔尼翁指出，薪酬委员会就红利问题做出决定的方式

仍使部分股东担心。同时，他表示新任命一位薪酬委员会主席并承诺保持密切对话

是积极的表现。由此可知，他对此次事件持客观的态度，故正确答案为B）。

20、WhatcanweseeaccordingtoLloyds?

A、Newbonusesshouldbelimitedbybanksfromnowon.

B、Shareholdersshouldsetpropertargetstoinvestmoney.

C>Theremunerationcommitteeshouldnottaketheresponsibility.

D、Awardscouldbereducedinanappropriateway.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由题干中的Lloyds定位到第六段。推理判断题。由定位段可知，如

果恰当的话，劳埃德将酌情减少奖励，D）的表述符合原文，故正确答案为D）。

三、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)

GratefulPeopleAreHappierandHealthierA)Itturnsoutthatgivingthanksisgoodfor

yourhealth.Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatmaintaininganattitudeofgratitude

canimprovepsychological,emotionalandphysicalwell-being.B)Adultswhofrequently

feelgratefulhavemoreenergy,moreoptimism,moresocialconnectionsandmore

happinessthanthosewhodonot,accordingtostudiesconductedoverthepastdecade.

They'realsolesslikelytobedepressed,envious,greedyoralcoholics.Theycammore

money,sleepmoresoundly,exercisemoreregularlyandhavegreaterresistancetoviral

infections.C)Now,researchersarefindingthatgratitudebringssimilaibenefitsin

childrenandadolescents.Kidswhofeelgratefulandactthankfullytendtobeless

materialistic,getbettergrades,sethighergoals,complainoffewerheadachesand

stomachachesandfeelmoresatisfiedwiththeirfriends,familiesandschoolsthanthose

whodon't,studiesshow.D)"Alotofthesefindingsarethingswelearnedinkindergarten

orourgrandmotherstoldus,butwcnowhavescientificevidencetoprovethem,"says

JeffreyJ.Froh,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatHofstraUniversityinHempstead,

NewYork,whohasconductedmuchoftheresearchwithchildren."Thekeyisnotto

leaveitontheThanksgivingtable/'saysRobertEmmons,aprofessorofpsychologyat

theUniversityofCalifornia-Davisandapioneeringratituderesearch.And,henotes,

"withtherealizationthatonehasbenefitedcomestheawarenessoftheneedto

reciprocate(报答)."E)It'spossible,ofcourse,tooverdoexpressionsofgratitude,

particularlyifyoutrytoshowitwithagift."Thankingsomeoneinsuchawaythatis

disproportionatetotherelationship-say,astudentgivingherteacheraniPod一will

createresentment,angerandasenseofobligation,"saysDr.Froh.F)Gratitudecanalso

bemisusedtoexertcontroloverthereceiverandenforceloyalty.Dr.Frohsaysyoucan

avoidthisbybeingempathic(有同感的)towardthepersonyouarcthanking—andby

honestlyassessingyourmotivations.G)InanupcomingpaperintheJournalof

HappinessStudies,Dr.Frohandcolleaguessurveyed1035high-schoolstudentsand

foundthatthemostgratefulhadmorefriendsandhigherGPAs(GrandPointAverage),

whilethemostmaferialis;tichadlowergrades,higherlevelsofenvyandlesssatisfaciion

withlife."Oneofthebestcuresformaterialismistomakesomebodygratefulforwhat

theyhave,"saysDr.Froh.H)Muchoftheresearchongratitudehaslookedat

associations,notcause-and-effectrelationships;it'spossiblethatpeoplewhoarehappy,

healthyandsuccessfulsimplyhavemoretobegratefulfor.Butinalandmarkstudyin

theJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,Dr.EmmonsoftheUniversityof

MiamiandpsychologistMichaelMcCulloughshowedthatcountingblessingscan

actuallymakepeoplefeelbetter.I)Assimpleasitsounds,gratitudeisactuallya

demanding,complexemotionthatrequires"self-reflection,theabilitytoadmitthatoneis

dependentuponthehelpofothers,andthehumilitytorealizeone'sownlimitations,"Dr.

Emmonssays.J)Beinggratefulalsoforcespeopletoovercomewhatpsychologistscall

the"negativitybias"—theinnatetendencytodwellonproblems,annoyancesand

injusticesratherthanupbeatevents.Focusingonblessingscanhelpwardoffdepression

andbuildadaptabilityintimesofstress,griefordisasters,accordingtostudiesofpeople

impactedbytheSept.11terrorattacksandHurricaneKatrina.K)Canpeoplelearnto

lookonthebrightside,wantwhattheyhaveandbegratefulforit?Expertsbelievethat

about50%ofsuchtemperamentisgenetic,buttherestcomesfromexperience,sothere's

sufficientopportunityforchange."Kidsandadultsbothcanchoosehowtheyfedand

howtheylookattheworld,'1saysAndrewGreene,principalofCandlewoodMiddle

School,whosaysthatrealizationwasoneofthelastinglegaciesofDr.Froh'sresearch

there.L)Forolderchildrenandadults,onesimplewaytocultivategratitudeistoliterally

countyourblessings.Keepajournalandregularlyrecordwhateveryouaregratefulfor

thatday.Bespecific.Listing"myfriends,myschoolmydog"dayafterdaymeansthat

"gratitudefatigue"hassetin,Dr.Frohsays.Writing"mydoglickedmyfacewhenIwas

sad“keepsitfresher.SomepeopledothisontheirFacebookorMySpacepages,orinone

ofdozensofonlinegratitudegroups.There'saniPodapplicationforgratitudejournaling,

too.Therealbenefitcomesinchanginghowyouexperiencetheworld.Looktorthingsto

begratefulfor,andyou'llstartseeingthemeverywhere.M)Deliveringyourthanksin

personcanbeparticularlypowerful.Onestudyfoundthatfburth-graderswhotooka

"gratitudevisit"feltbetteraboutthemselveseventwomonthslater-particularlythose

whosemoodswerepreviouslylow.N)Adoptingamoreupbeatmindsethelpsfacilitate

gratitude,too.Insteadofbondingwithfriendsovercomplaints,trysharingwhatyou're

gratefulfor.Toavoidsoundingboastful,fbcusongivingcredittootherpeople,asin,

"Mymomtookawholedayofffromworktogettom>game."O)Studiesshowthat

usingnegative,derogatory(贬义的)words-evenasyoutalktoyourself-candarken

yourmoodaswell.Fillyourheadwithpositivethoughts,expressthanksand

encouragementaloudandlookforsomethingtobegratefulfor,notcriticize,inthose

aroundyou,especiallylovedones.NewYorkpsychiatristDrewRamseysaysthat'san

essentialtoolforsurvivingtheholidays."Givingthanksfbrthemhelpsyoudealwiththe

crazinessthatispartofeveryfamily,"hesays.P)Last,ifyoufindyoutaketoomuchfor

granted,trythe"It'saWonderfulLife"approach;imaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithout

amajorblessing,likeaspouse,achild,ajoborafriend.

21、AccordingtoDr.Froh,ifastudentgivesherteacheraniPod,thestudentmay

overdotheexpressionofgratitude.

标准答案：E

知识点解析：由题干中的Dr.Froh>aniPod和gradtude定位到E)段。细节归纳

题。由定位段可知，感恩也要讲究度，尤具是馈赠礼物时要考虑到人们之间的关

系，否则就会造成负面影响。本段首先说明观点，即感恩也会过度，随后用孩子送

老师iPod的事例说明这一观点，题干是对定位段内容的概括归纳，故答案为E)。

22、Dr.EmmonsandMichaelMcCullough'sstudyshowedthatitmakespeoplefeel

bettertocountblessings.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：由题干中的Dr.EmmonsandMichaelMcCullough'sstudy定位到H)

段末句。同义转述题。由定位句可知，两人的研究结论是知足让人感觉更好。题干

是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为H)。

23、Forolderchildrenandadults,inordertodeveloptheirawarenessofgratitude,they

shouldliterallycountblessings.

标准答案：L

知识点解析：由题干中的Forolderchildrenandadults定位到L）段首句。同义转述

题。定位句提到，对于年纪稍大的儿童和成年人来说，培养感恩的一个简单方式就

是要知足。题干中的develop是对定位句中cultivate的同义转述，故L）为本题答

案。

24、Childrenwhooftenfeelgratefulperformbetterinschoolsandaremorecontentwith

theirfamilies.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：由题干中的whooftenfeelgrateful定位到C）段第二句。细节归纳题。

由定位句可知，充满感激之情并做出感恩之举的孩子物质主义思想更轻微，成绩更

好。目标更远大，抱怨头疼和胃疼的次数更少，而且对朋友、家人和学校也更满

意。题干是对定位句的概括总结，故答案为C）。

25、Fillingyourheadwithpositivethoughtsisawaytopreventyourmoodfrombeing

darkened.

标准答案：0

知识点解析：由题干中的yourhead和positivethoughts定位到0）段第一、二句。

细节归纳题。定位段第一句提到，研究发现，使用负面、贬义的语言，即使是对自

己说。也会使你的心情变糟。第二句则提到了防止心情变糟的方法：在你的头脑里

装满积极的思想，大声表达你的感谢和鼓励，寻找可以对你周围的人感恩，而不是

批评的事情，尤其是你爱的人。题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故0）为本题答案。

26、Peoplewithanattitudeofgratitudearemorelikelytobementallyandphysically

healthy.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由题干中的altiludeofgratitude定位到A）段第二句。同义转述题。由

定位句可知，保持感恩的心态有利于改善心理、情感和身体健康，即有利于人们的

身心发展。题干中的mentallyandphysicallyhealthy是对定位句中psychological,

emotionalandphysicalwell-being的问义转述，故答案为A）。

27、Anotherwaytodevelopgratitudeissharingwhatyou'regratefi.ilforratherthan

complainingtoyourfriends.

标准答案：N-

知识点解析：由题干中的sharing和friends定位到N）段第一、二句。细节归纳题。

定位句介绍培养感恩的一种方法，即保持乐观的心态。与朋友分享感恩的事，而不

是向朋友抱怨讨厌的事。题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故N）为本题答案。

28>Feelinggratefulforwhatonealreadyhasisoneofthebestcuresformaterialism.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：由题干中的oneofthebestcuresformaterialism定位至UG）段末句。同

义转述题。定位句提到，应对物质主义思想的最佳方法之一是让人们对已拥有的东

西感恩。题干中的Feelinggrateful是对定位句中makesomebodygrateful的同义转

述，故答案为G）o

29、Peoplecanlearntobegratefulbecausenotalloftheircharacterqualitiesare

inherited.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：由题干中的learntobegrateful定位到K）段第一、二句。细节归纳

题。由定位句可知，专家们认为人的性格特征是可以改变的，因为人的性情约有一

半来自遗传，其余则来自个人经历。题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故答案为K）。

30、Inordertoavoidmisusinggratitude,you'dbetterhaveanhonestthoughtaboutyour

motivations.

标准答案；r

知识点解析：由题干中的avoidmisusinggratitude和motivations定位到F）段。细节

归纳题。本段主要讲述避免滥用感恩的两种方法：一是为你要表达感恩的人考虑，

二是端正感恩的动机。题干是对定位段的概括总结，故答案为F）。

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷第3套

一、长篇阅读（本题共30题，每题7.0分，共30分。）

IdentityTheftA）Identitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtoreferloalltypesof

crimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson'spersonaldatain

somewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.B）Thenumbers

associatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneral

AccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas75CL000Americansarevictimsof

identitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow.asmanypeoplechoosenotto

reportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.C）Identitytheftis"an

absoluteepidemic”,statesRobertEllisSmith,a