跨文化交际Unit2课件

Unit2

CultureandCommunicationWhatisCultureOriginofthewordculture

(文化）TheEnglishwordcultureoriginatesfromtheLatincultura,withitsmeaning“tocultivate”.

文化：经由文字、文学、礼乐、制度、律法等对人类的教化与培养WhatisCultureDefinitionsofcultureIn1952,AlfredKroeberandClydeKluckhohncompiledalistofmorethan164definitionsof“culture”inCulture:ACriticalReviewofConceptsandDefinitions.WhatisCultureCultureislike……thementalprogramming,“softwareofthemind”,Windows,IOSthewaterfishswimintheonionwithdifferentlayersofdepth,rangingfrominnercoretothesurfacetheicebergTheonionmodelhttp://www.culturewise.ie/news_and_events/blog.php?month=5&height=550&width=800Theicebergmodel.au/for_teachers/curriculum_resources/history_cr/asiascopeseqhistorycr/secondary_units_of_work_sose/unit_9_voicesvisions/voicesvisions_blm2.htmlWhatisCultureMaterial

componentsofaculture:tangibleobjectsandphysicalsubstancesthathavebeenalteredbyhumanintervention(e.g.architecture,icons,personalpossessions)Material

componentsofculture:

reflectionsofaculture’svalueWhatisCultureNonmaterialaspectsofaculture:Beliefs:conceptionsofwhatistrue,factual,orvalid;rootedinfaith,experience,orscienceValues:sharedviewsofwhatisgood,right,worthwhile,orimportantNorms:informalrulesthatguidehowmembersofacultureact,aswellashowtheythinkandfeelLanguage:shapinghowwethinkabouttheworldWhatisCultureCulturecanbedefinedas“ahistoricallytransmittedsystemofsymbols,meanings,andnorms”.(Collier&Thomas,1988)WhatisCultureCulturecanbedefinedasthecoherent,learned,sharedviewsofagroupofpeopleaboutlife’sconcernsthatrankswhatisimportant,furnishesattitudesaboutwhatthingsareappropriate,anddictatesbehavior.(I.Varner&LindaBeamer,2008)CharacteristicsofcultureCultureiscoherentCultureislearnedCultureissharedCultureisdynamic：CultureevolvesandchangesovertimeCharacteristicsofcultureCultureisdynamic：CultureevolvesandchangesovertimeInnovation:newpractices,tools,orconceptsDiffusion:theborrowingbyoneculturefromanotherCulturalcalamity:adversitysuchaswarornaturaldisastersthatbringaboutchangeCommunicationimpelssignificantchangesinculturallifeAcultureasaparticularwaytosatisfyhumanneedsFivebasicneedsofhumanbeingsThephysiologicalneedsThesafetyneedsThebelongingnessneedsTheesteemneedsTheself-actualizationneedsWhatisCommunicationOrigin:Latinword“commonis”(meaningcommon)TranslationinChinese:

交际（fromthelinguistic

perspective）

沟通（fromthepsychological

perspective）

传播

（inmassmedia)Communicationandculture:CultureisreflectedinCommunicationpracticesCommunicationpracticesshapeculturallife“Communicationisculture”ElementsofCommunicationContextPhysicalsettingHistoricalPsychologicalCulture&subculturesElementsofCommunicationParticipants:senderandreceiverVariables:relationship,gender,cultureMessagesMeaningsSymbolsEncodingDecodingElementsofCommunicationChannels:routesandmeansoftransportationSound(verbalsymbols)Sight(nonverbalcues)Themorechannelsusedtocarryamessage,themorelikelythecommunicationwillsucceed.ElementsofCommunicationNoiseExternalNoiseInternalNoiseSemanticNoiseNoisecanfunctionasacommunicationbarrier.FeedbackFeedback,verbalornonverbal,allowsustobehaveinwaysthatincreaseourunderstandingofourmessagesAmodelofCommunicationCharacteristicsofCommunicationCommunicationisadynamicprocessCommunicationissymbolicCommunicationissystemicCommunicationinvolvesmakinginferencesCommunicationhasaconsequenceCommunicationiscomplexCaseStudyThreekindsofmeaningsinvolved:utterancemeaningthespeaker’smeaningthehearer’smeaning1、字体安装与设置如果您对PPT模板中的字体风格不满意，可进行批量替换，一次性更改各页面字体。在“开始”选项卡中，点击“替换”按钮右侧箭头，选择“替换字体”。（如下图）在图“替换”下拉列表中选择要更改字体。（