福建省三明市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试 英语 含解析

三明市2024—2025学年第一学期普通高中期末质量检测高二英语试题（满分150分考试时间120分钟）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Howdidthemanfindthenewfilm?A.Fascinating.B.Traditional.C.Boring.2.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Repairingtheengine.B.Borrowingmoney.C.Sellingthecar.3.Whatarethetwospeakersdiscussing?A.Theirmeetingtime.B.Theirmeetingplace.C.Theirmeetingpurpose.4.Whydoesthewomanvisittheman?A.Tojoinaparty.B.Tobuyahouse.C.Tolookforaspareroom.5.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hisofficewaslocked.B.Hemissedacall.C.Helosthisphone.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatcanusuallybeseenaroundthistimeoftheyear?A.Babyeagles.B.Manyducks.C.Geesehunters.7.Whichisthehighestmountain?A.MountKaren.B.MountBrown.C.MountHeather.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What'swrongwiththewoman?A.Sheforgotherwatch.B.Herwatchstopped.C.Sheforgotherphone.9.Whenshouldthemeetingstart?A.8:00.B.8:30.C.8:35.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatkindofphonedoesthemanhave?A.ASamsung.B.AnOPPO.C.AniPhone.11.Whatdoesthewomanmostlyuseherphonetodo?A.Totextpeople.B.TosendEmails.C.Tomakephonecalls.12.Whendocsthewomanhavetogohome?A.Inanhour.B.Inthreehours.C.Tomorrowmorning.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Onthestreet.B.Inaclothingstore.C.Inafashionstudio.14.Whydoesthemanwanttotalktothewoman?A.Hethinksherclothesaredifferent.B.Heisattractedbyherguitar.C.Helikeshergiftcard.15.Wheredoesthewomanshopforclothes?A.Unpopularstores.B.Departmentstores.C.Second-handclothingstores.16.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Lookatsomepictures.B.BuysomecoffeeatStarbucks.C.Changeintosomeclothes.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhenisthebesttimetovisitAowandainautumn?A.When-theleavesfalloffthetrees.B.Whentheleaveschangecolors.C.Whenwildbirdslookforfood.18.Whendidtheygoonthehike?A.OnSeptember20th.B.OnSeptember22nd.C.OnSeptember24th.19.WhatdidKenneyshowthespeaker?A.Abeautifulwaterfall.B.Somecolorfulleaves.C.Howtomakealeafpicture.20.Whatarepeoplegoingtoseeinthemountaininspring?A.Colorfulleaves.B.Pinkflowers.C.Wildbirds.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABelowaresomeofthebestFather’sDaygiftideasforyou.KindlePaperwhite$259Forthedadneedingtowinddown.Showdadsomeofhisfavouritereadsinthepalm.TheKindleisthin,lightweightand10weeksofbatterylifeonasinglecharge.Keyfeatures:WaterproofreadingfunctionincaseofaccidentalimmersionAdjustablewarmlightCreedAventusEauDeParfum$339Forthedadwholooksforanewscenttosmellamazing.SpoildadthisFather’sDaywiththesmellofluxurybroughtbyCreedAventusEauDeParfum.KeyfeaturesLong-lastingqualityscentalldaylongOriginalscentSmartGogglesbyTherabody$299Forthesleep-deprived(剥夺)dad.Howaboutthiswearablefacialmassagedevice?SmartRelaxmodeeasesfacialtension,reducesheadachesandlowersheartratetohelpreducestress.DadwillbeakingwiththeTherabodySmartGogglesashenapsonthecouch.Keyfeatures:SleepmodesprovidemassageFoldabledesignforrelaxationeverywhereyougoBrevilleNespressoVertuoPop$194.65Forthedadwhoisgo-go-go.Coffeeloverscan’tresistthismoderncoffeemachine.DadcanbrewhismorningcuppainstylewiththebrightTurquoisecolourandstylishdesignthatdoesn’tlackinfunction.Keyfeatures:4cupsizesupto230mlforafullcupdoseofcoffeeCapsulerecognitiontechnologytoensurethemachinebrewsyourfavouritecup1.Whichoneisthemostaffordable?A.KindlePaperwhite. B.CreedAventusEauDeParfum.C.SmartGogglesbyTherabody. D.BrevilleNespressoVertuoPop.2.What’sspecialaboutSmartGoggles?A.It’sfoldable. B.It’swater-proof.C.Itsrecognitiondesign. D.Itslong-lastingquality.3.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.TointroducegiftsforFather’sDay.B.Torecommendmoderndevicesforfathers.C.Togivetipstoimprovefathers’lifequality.D.ToofferadviceoncelebratingFather’sDay.【答案】1.D2.A3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几个适合送给爸爸的父亲节礼物。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“KindlePaperwhite$259(KindlePaperwhite售价259美元)”、“CreedAventusEauDeParfum$339(AventusEauDeParfum淡香水售价339美元)”、“SmartGogglesbyTherabody$299(Therabody公司的SmartGoggles售价299美元)”、“BrevilleNespressoVertuoPop$194.65(BrevilleNespressoVertuoPop售价194.65美元)”可知，BrevilleNespressoVertuoPop是最便宜的。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“SmartGogglesbyTherabody$299”部分中“Foldabledesignforrelaxationeverywhereyougo(可折叠设计，无论你去哪里都可以放松)”可知，这款SmartGoggles特殊之处在于它是可折叠的。故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“BelowaresomeofthebestFather’sDaygiftideasforyou.(以下是一些适合你的父亲节礼物)”以及下文对几款产品的具体的描述可知，文章的目的是介绍了几款适合在父亲节送给爸爸的礼物。故选A。BJohnson,wholikestolookupatthesky,isavolunteeradvocatewithDarkSky,amovementaimedatreducinglightpollutionandpromotingresponsibleoutdoorlighting.DarkSkyisactiveinmorethan70countries.Lightpollutioncanbedisastrousforwildlifeandparticularlyformigrating(迁徙)birds.Manymigratorybirdsareeasytobedrawntolight.Onceinabigcitywithlitupbuildings,birdshavetroublefindingtheirwayoutagain.JohnsonmovedtoRidgefieldyearsagoandlovedhowdarktheskywascomparedtolivinginthecity.SheworkedwiththeCityofRidgefieldtohelpensurenewhousedevelopmentgoingupfollowedlocallightingregulationsandpassionatelybegansharinginformationaboutDarkSkyatlocalevents.JohnsonandotherDarkSkyvolunteersandbirdingorganizationsmadeDarkSky’sPrinciplesofOutdoorLightingforbirdsafety:Usetargetedlighting;Useoutdoorlightingonlyifneeded;Turnoutdoorlightstothelowestlevelpossible;Addcontrollingfeaturestoyourlights;Usewarm-coloredoutdoorlights.TheBirdAllianceofOregonpromotesa“LightsOut”campaignduringmigrationseasonstoraiseawarenessaboutresponsiblelighting.Thisyear,PortlandmayorsignedadeclarationsettingSept.19-Oct.19,2024as“LightsOutPortlandMonth”,encouragingresidentstoturnoffunnecessarylightsfrom11p.m.untildawnduringmigrationperiods.Alltheseeffortshavemadeanimpactonprotectingthenightskyforthehealthofbirdsandotherwildlife.Johnsonsaidproudly,“Lightsmay,beoutduringmigrationseason,butthefuturefordarkskiesislookingup.”4.What’sDarkSky?A.Aprivatecompany. B.Acharityclub.C.Apublicactivity. D.Agovernmentagency.5.WhendidJohnsonactivelystartspreadingknowledgeaboutDarkSky?A.BeforeshemovedtoRidgefield.B.Themomentshebecameavolunteer.C.AftershejoinedtheCityofRidgefield.DWhenPolandmayorissuedthedeclaration.6.WhatdoestheauthorwanttohighlightinPara4?A.Successfulexamplestosavewildlife.B.Significanceofresponsiblelighting.C.Stepstodevelopbirdingorganizations.D.Combinedeffortstoreducelightpollution.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.Therewillbeadecreaseinlightpollution.B.It’shardtopredictthefuturefordarkskies.C.Birdmigrationseasonwillbechangedwithoutlights.D.It’surgenttoprotectthemightskiesduringmigration.【答案】4.C5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍了DarkSky组织为减少光污染、保护候鸟做出的努力和取得的成果。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“DarkSky,amovementaimedatreducinglightpollutionandpromotingresponsibleoutdoorlighting(DarkSky是一项旨在减少光污染和提倡负责任户外照明的运动)”可知，DarkSky是一项公共活动。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“SheworkedwiththeCityofRidgefieldtohelpensurenewhousedevelopmentgoingupfollowedlocallightingregulationsandpassionatelybegansharinginformationaboutDarkSkyatlocalevents.(她与Ridgefield市合作，帮助确保新房开发遵守当地照明法规，并热情地在当地活动中分享DarkSky的信息)”可以得知，Johnson在加入Ridgefield市后，热情地开始传播关于DarkSky的知识。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“JohnsonandotherDarkSkyvolunteersandbirdingorganizationsmadeDarkSky’sPrinciplesofOutdoorLightingforbirdsafety:Usetargetedlighting;Useoutdoorlightingonlyifneeded;Turnoutdoorlightstothelowestlevelpossible;Addcontrollingfeaturestoyourlights;Usewarm-coloredoutdoorlights.TheBirdAllianceofOregonpromotesa“LightsOut”campaignduringmigrationseasonstoraiseawarenessaboutresponsiblelighting.Thisyear,PortlandmayorsignedadeclarationsettingSept.19-Oct.19,2024as“LightsOutPortlandMonth”,encouragingresidentstoturnoffunnecessarylightsfrom11p.m.untildawnduringmigrationperiods.(约翰逊和其他DarkSky志愿者和观鸟组织为鸟类安全制定了DarkSky户外照明原则：使用有针对性的照明；只在需要时使用室外照明；将室外灯光调到尽可能低的亮度；给你的灯添加控制功能；使用暖色的户外灯。俄勒冈州鸟类联盟在迁徙季节发起“熄灯”运动，以提高人们对负责任照明的认识。今年，波特兰市市长签署了一项宣言，将9月19日至10月19日定为2024年9月19日定为“波特兰熄灯月”，鼓励居民在迁徙期间从晚上11点到黎明时分关掉不必要的灯)”可知，这段话强调了为减少光污染而付出的共同努力。故选D。【7题详解】句意猜测题。根据划线句子前一句“Alltheseeffortshavemadeanimpactonprotectingthenightskyforthehealthofbirdsandotherwildlife.(所有这些努力对保护夜空以保证鸟类和其他野生动物的健康产生了影响)”可推知，划线句子“Lightsmaybeoutduringmigrationseason,butthefuturefordarkskiesislookingup.(在迁徙季节灯光可能是关闭的，但黑暗天空的未来在不断提高)”意为“光污染将会减少。”故选A。CAnincrediblyadaptivespeciesofcoral(珊瑚)discoveredoffthecoastofGool-boodiIslandinNortheastAustraliahasweatheredhundredsofyearsofcoralbleaching(白化)andsurvivedtillnow.Whatcanthisteachscientistsaboutpreservation?At34feetwide,thiscoralisroughlythesizeofacarousel.Itsincrediblewidthisaresultofitshardskeleton,whichismadeofcalciumcarbonatefromthesurroundingseawater.NicknamedMugadhambi,or“bigcoral”,itstandsover16feettall,makingMugadhambithetallestcoralintheGreatBarrierReef.Thisrecord-breakingcoralisdiscoveredbylocalcitizens.Basedonthecoral’ssizeandgrowthrate,scientistshavecalculateditslifetimeisabout421-438years,meaningthisancientcoralhassurvivedasmanyas80cyclonesandweathered99coralbleachingevents.Ithassurvivedthroughcenturiesofandoutlivedmanyinvasive(入侵的)species.“It’sextremelyinspiringtoknowthatthesethingslikeMugadhambiexist,andhavesurvivedforalongtime.Thecolonyisinfairlygoodhealthwith70%ofitconsistingoflivecoral.Evenasmorecoralcoverislostduetoclimatechange,thereishopethatadaptivespecieslikeMugadhambiwillcontinuetosurvive.AncientcoloniesliketheMugadhambiofferscientistsarareopportunitytolearnmoreaboutreefconditionsaslongasthesemassivecoralscontinuetogrow.Hopefullyithelpstoprovideanewsenseofhopeforthefuture.TherearemanyunexploredcornersoftheGreatBarrierReef,soitispossiblethattherearelargercoralcolonieswaitingtobedocumentedbylocalcitizenscientistssomeday.8.What’sthepurposeofPara2?A.Toraiseanargument. B.Toexpressopinions.C.Togiveexamples. D.Togiveinformation.9.WhathelpstoestimatethelifetimeofMugadhambi?A.Thesurroundingseawater. B.Itssizeandgrowthrate.C.Itsadmirablesurvivalskills. D.Thescaringinvasivespecies.10.Whatcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword”documented"?A.Displayed. B.Recorded. C.Spread. D.Reflected.11.Whichisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheGreatBarrierReefProducesaVarietyofRareCoralsB.MultipleInvasiveSpeciesSurroundtheGreatBarrierReefC.TheGreatBarrierReefSurvivesSeriesofCoralBleachesD.ACenturies-OldCoralOffersHopefortheGreatBarrierReef【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在澳大利亚东北部古尔布迪岛海岸发现的一个极其适应环境的珊瑚品种Mugadhambi。它经历了数百年的珊瑚白化事件并存活至今，给科学家们提供了关于珊瑚保存的重要信息。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容“At34feetwide,thiscoralisroughlythesizeofacarousel.Itsincrediblewidthisaresultofitshardskeleton,whichismadeofcalciumcarbonatefromthesurroundingseawater.NicknamedMugadhambi,or“bigcoral”,itstandsover16feettall,makingMugadhambithetallestcoralintheGreatBarrierReef.Thisrecord-breakingcoralisdiscoveredbylocalcitizens.(这片珊瑚宽34英尺，大小和旋转木马差不多。它令人难以置信的宽度是它坚硬的骨架的结果，它是由周围海水中的碳酸钙组成的。它被昵称为Mugadhambi，或“大珊瑚”，高达16英尺，使Mugadhambi成为大堡礁最高的珊瑚。这种破纪录的珊瑚是由当地居民发现的)”可推知，第二段的目的是提供这个巨大珊瑚的信息。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Basedonthecoral’ssizeandgrowthrate,scientistshavecalculateditslifetimeisabout421-438years,meaningthisancientcoralhassurvivedasmanyas80cyclonesandweathered99coralbleachingevents.(根据珊瑚的大小和生长速度，科学家们计算出它的寿命约为421-438年，这意味着这种古老的珊瑚经历了80次飓风和99次珊瑚白化事件)”可知，帮助估算Mugadhambi寿命的是其大小和生长速度。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“TherearemanyunexploredcornersoftheGreatBarrierReef,soitispossiblethattherearelargercoralcolonieswaitingtobedocumentedbylocalcitizenscientistssomeday.(大堡礁有许多未被探索的角落，因此可能有更大的珊瑚群落等待某天被当地公民科学家documented下来)”可知，大堡礁有许多未被探索的角落，等待着科学家去记录。由此可知，关系词documented与“recorded(代替)”意思一致。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Anincrediblyadaptivespeciesofcoral(珊瑚)discoveredoffthecoastofGool-boodiIslandinNortheastAustraliahasweatheredhundredsofyearsofcoralbleaching(白化)andsurvivedtillnow.Whatcanthisteachscientistsaboutpreservation?(在澳大利亚东北部Gool-boodi岛海岸发现的一种适应性极强的珊瑚，经历了数百年的珊瑚白化事件仍然存活。这能为科学家提供有关保护什么方面的借鉴？)”及最后一段“Hopefully,ithelpstoprovideanewsenseofhopeforthefuture.(希望它能为未来提供新的希望)”可知，本文主要介绍了在澳大利亚东北部古尔布迪岛海岸发现的一个极其适应环境的珊瑚品种Mugadhambi。它经历了数百年的珊瑚白化事件并存活至今，给科学家们提供了关于珊瑚保存的重要信息。由此可知，D选项ACenturies-OldCoralOffersHopefortheGreatBarrierReef(一个世纪之久的珊瑚为大堡礁提供了希望)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。DForbusinessleaders,theideaofapplyingAIsuchasChatGPTtostrategicplanningismouthwatering.ButhowdoweidentifytheareaswhereAIcanbooststrategicplanning?CanAIovercomeblindspotsandpredictthefuture?KeithisCEOofTrident,acommercialagriculturalcompany.Keithcalledhismembersfortheirannualstrategydiscussion.Onestepinvolvedlistingthe“keystrategicissues”.Here’stheteam’slist:Competition;Branchnumberandlocation;Productpricing;Profitability;Climate.WhileKeithwashappywiththelist,herecognizedtheyhadalimitedperspective.Asagriculturalscientists,theyknewtheirgame,buttheydidn’tknowanyothers.Hence,Keithraisedtwoquestions:CanAIprovideanon-agriculturalperspective?CanAIhelpforecastfuturedemandforservice?Thefirstconcernsasingle-mindedviewbasedontheindustryexperiencealone.Keithwantedtotapintoaviewpointoutsideagriculturalsciencetoproduceafreshperspective.HeturnedtoAIforhelp.AI’sresponsecontainedmultipleheadings.Wasthereanythingnew?Yes.Buttherewerealsomisses.AIdidn’tpickup“branchnumberandlocation”and“profitability”onKeith’slist.“Branchlocation”isaveryspecificissuetoTridentandAIhardlyknowsaboutthat.Notmentioning“profitability”wasabigmiss.Also,itdidn’tmentionthecriticalissueof“productpricing”relatedtocompetition.AI’slargelanguagemodellacksaccesstocompany-specificinformation,explainingsomemisses.Totacklethis,Keithregeneratedresponsestoseealternativeanswers.Forinstance,askingAItosimplyprovide10moreideashelpedcreatealongerlistandavoidthoseobviousmisses.OnKeith’sfirstquestion,AIhadsucceeded.ItpresentedimportantareasthatKeith’steammissed:technologicaladvancementsandregulatorychanges.Keith’ssecondquestionprovedmorechallengingforAI,becauseitistrainedonhistoricaldataandcannotpredictthefuture.However,withcleverclues,AIcanprovidetheteamwithfoodforthought.Whenasked“Whatwillimpactthefuturedemandforourservices?”,thetoolhighlightedfactors,fromchangingconsumerpreferencestoglobalpopulationgrowth.ThesedrivershelpKeith’steamthinkmorebroadlyaboutdemand.12.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoprovewithKeith’scompany?A.AI’sabilitytospotdifferentperspectives.B.AI’sfunctioninimprovingproduction.C.Alcancontributetostrategicplanning.D.AIcanboostprofitability.13.WhatmadeKeithturntoAIforhelp?A.Limitationsofhisteam’sfist.BDreamtoinventnewtechnology.C.Uncertaintyaboutfuturedemand.D.Changeoftheconventionalpattern.14.WhatisthemainideaofPara4?A.AIhelpedtospotnewpossibilities.B.AIignoredsomeimportantparts.C.AIcreatedautomaticalternatives.D.AIaccessedlargelanguagemodel.15.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsAI’sapplicationinstrategicplanning?A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了人工智能在战略规划中的应用，并以Keith的公司为例，展示了AI在战略规划中可能的帮助和局限性。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Forbusinessleaders,theideaofapplyingAIsuchasChatGPTtostrategicplanningismouthwatering.ButhowdoweidentifytheareaswhereAIcanbooststrategicplanning?(对于商业领袖来说，将ChatGPT等AI应用于战略规划是令人垂涎的想法。但我们如何识别AI可以提升战略规划的领域呢？)”以及文中描述的Keith的公司通过AI进行战略规划的例子可知，作者想证明AI可以有助于战略规划。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“WhileKeithwashappywiththelist,herecognizedtheyhadalimitedperspective.Asagriculturalscientists,theyknewtheirgame,buttheydidn’tknowanyothers.(尽管Keith对这个列表感到满意，但他意识到他们的视角有限。作为农业科学家，他们对自己的行业了如指掌，但对其他行业却一无所知)”可知，Keith求助于AI是因为他们团队列出的列表有局限性，需要寻找新的视角。故选A。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“AIdidn’tpickup“branchnumberandlocation”and“profitability”onKeith’slist.“Branchlocation”isaveryspecificissuetoTridentandAIhardlyknowsaboutthat.Notmentioning“profitability”wasabigmiss.(AI没有提到Keith列表中的“分支数量和位置”和“盈利能力”。“分支位置”是Trident公司非常具体的问题，AI几乎不了解这个。而未提及“盈利能力”则是一个重大遗漏)”可知，本段主要讲述了AI忽略了一些重要的部分。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whenasked“Whatwillimpactthefuturedemandforourservices?”,thetoolhighlightedfactors,fromchangingconsumerpreferencestoglobalpopulationgrowth.ThesedrivershelpKeith’steamthinkmorebroadlyaboutdemand.(当被问到“哪些因素将影响我们服务的未来需求？”时，这个工具突出了从消费者偏好变化到全球人口增长的因素。这些驱动因素帮助Keith的团队更广泛地考虑需求)”可推知，作者对AI在战略规划中的应用持积极态度。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lifeisfullofuncertaintiesandsurprises.Youoftenmakedetailedplans,butthingsdon’talwaysgoasexpected.Haveyoueverbeeninsuchasituation?____16____Thephrase“playitbyear”isnotoftenusedinaseriousway.Actuallytheexpressionisallaboutbeingflexible.____17____Justlikeamusicianplayinganinstrumentwithoutsheetmusic,youmakedecisionsbasedonwhatyouobserveasthingshappen,ratherthanfollowingastrictschedule.Thephrasehasitsrootsinmusic.Musicianssometimesplayapiecewithoutlookingatsheetmusic.Instead,theyrelyontheir“ear”toguidethem.____18____Itdependsonmusicians’abilitytolistenandcreatemusiconthespot.Overtime,“playitbyear”turnedintoabroaderphrasedescribingtheabilitytoadaptinnon-musical,situations.____19____Forsocialplanslikeaparty,ifyou’renotsurehowlongyouwanttostayataparty,youmightsay,“Let’splayitbyearandseebowtheeveninggoes.”Inworkmeetings,youmayuseittoadjuststrategiesflexibly.Andfortravelplans,thisphrasesuggeststhatyou’lldecideonstopsandactivitiesbasedonwhatyoufeellikedoingatthetime.Ineachexample,“playitbyear”allowsforarelaxed,adaptableapproach.____20____Byfreeingfromfixedplanning,youopenyourselvesuptoaworldofpossibilitiesandhandleallchallengesgracefully.A.Usethephrasecarefully.B.Don’tlookatsheetmusic.C.Thisskillisknownas“earplay”.D.“Playitbyear”isusedinmanysituations.E.Inshort,“playitbyear”isacruciallifestrategy.F.That’swhenyoumightdecideto“playitbyear”.G.Itmeansdealingwithasituationwithoutafixedplan.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.D20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“playitbyear”的含义、起源以及在不同场合的应用。【16题详解】上文“Haveyoueverbeeninsuchasituation?(你遇到过这种情况吗？)”提问是否遇到过类似的情况，下文具体阐述了“playitbyear”，故F项“这时你可能会决定‘随机应变’”回答了上文问题，同时引出本文主题，故选F。【17题详解】根据上文“Actuallytheexpressionisallaboutbeingflexible.(实际上，这个表达是关于灵活的)”和下文“Justlikeamusicianplayinganinstrumentwithoutsheetmusic,youmakedecisionsbasedonwhatyouobserveasthingshappen,ratherthanfollowingastrictschedule.(就像一个没有乐谱的音乐家演奏乐器一样，你根据观察到的事情做出决定，而不是遵循严格的时间表)”可知，本段是阐述“playitbyear”的意思，下文举例加以说明，G项“它的意思是在没有固定计划的情况下处理情况”符合语境，故选G。【18题详解】上文“Musicianssometimesplayapiecewithoutlookingatsheetmusic.Instead,theyrelyontheir‘ear’toguidethem.(音乐家有时演奏时不看乐谱。相反，他们依靠他们的‘耳朵’来引导他们)”提到音乐家有时依靠“耳朵”来引导，C项“这种技巧被称为‘耳朵游戏’”和上文呼应，音乐家依靠“耳朵”来引导的技巧被称为“耳朵游戏”，故选C。【19题详解】根据下文“Forsocialplanslikeaparty,ifyou’renotsurehowlongyouwanttostayataparty,youmightsay,‘Let’splayitbyearandseebowtheeveninggoes.’Inworkmeetings,youmayuseittoadjuststrategiesflexibly.Andfortravelplans,thisphrasesuggeststhatyou’lldecideonstopsandactivitiesbasedonwhatyoufeellikedoingatthetime.(对于像聚会这样的社交计划，如果你不确定你想在聚会上待多久，你可以说‘让我们见机行事，看看今晚的情况如何。’在工作会议上，你可以用它来灵活地调整策略。对于旅行计划，这个短语暗示你将根据你当时想做的事情来决定停留地点和活动)”可知，本段主要讲使用“playitbyear”的不同场合，D项“‘Playitbyear’在很多情况下都会用到”适合作为本段主题句，故选D。【20题详解】空处是最后一段，应是总结上文，E项“简而言之，‘见机行事’是一个至关重要的生活策略”符合语境，故选E。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分24分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）Myfamilyhadalotofchickens,amongwhichPiliwasDad’sfavorite.Hepromisedmethatifhegotanotherchickthenexttime,Icould____21____it.Withtimepassing,PiliandIbecamecloser.UnluckilyPiliwas____22____suddenly.Everyoneinthefamilyjoinedinthe____23____foritbutitwasnowheretobefound.ThedisappearanceofPilibroughtgreat____24____tous.OnedaywhenIcamehomefromschool,mysistertoldmeDadcycledtothemarkettobuya____25____chick.“Whatdoyouthinkhewillcallit?”Shepulledmyclothes____26____.InstantlyIrememberedthe____27____Dadhadmade.Ipatientlywatchedtheroadleadingtothetown,____28____forDad’sreturning.Finally,Iheardthesoundofwheels.Dadwasback!He____29____hisbicyclewhenhesawme.Myeyesshoneashegently______30______intomyhandsafurrychick.“Haveyouthoughtofaname?”Dadaskedwithasmile,______31______thechick’sblack-and-whitefeathers(羽毛).SweetmemoriesofPilicrossedmymind.Itookadeepbreathandaskedeagerly,“HowaboutPili?”Inamazement,Dad______32______,“It’sperfect!”“Welcometoour______33______,Pili!”Iwhisperedtothechickinmyhands.ThenewPiliopeneditstinywingswideasifto______34______me.AfterthatIbecamethechick’s______35______.WhereverPiliwent,itwouldseemearound.21.A.name B.feed C.hold D.choose22.A.dead B.ill C.injured D.missing23.A.research B.search C.party D.care24.A.confusion B.nervousness C.sadness D.regret25.A.precious B.new C.beautiful D.rare26.A.unhappily B.bravely C.unwillingly D.excitedly27.A.mistake B.promise C.discovery D.contribution28.A.begging B.answering C.waiting D.applying29.A.piecedup B.gotoff C.spedup D.jumpedonto30.A.placed B.slid C.swung D.threw31.A.sorting B.washing C.petting D.counting32.A.frowned B.sighed C.wept D.nodded33.A.market B.town C.home D.school34.A.greet B.recognize C.surprise D.defend35.A.companion B.helper C.rescuer D.photographer【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.C25.B26.D27.B28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.C34.A35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者家的小鸡Pili失踪后，父亲给作者买了一只新的小鸡，以及作者和新Pili之间的关系发展。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他答应我，如果下次他再得到另一只小鸡，我可以给它取名字。A.name取名字；B.feed喂养；C.hold举行；D.choose选择。根据下文“Withtimepassing,PiliandIbecamecloser”以及下文“Whatdoyouthinkhewillcallit?”可推测，“我”与Pili关系密切，爸爸答应如果再得到另一只小鸡，可以由我来给它取名字。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，Pili突然失踪了。A.dead死的；B.ill生病的；C.injured受伤的；D.missing失踪的。根据后文“hedisappearanceofPili”可推测，Pili是失踪了。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：家里所有人都加入了寻找它的行动，但是它却无处可寻。A.research研究；B.search寻找；C.party派对；D.care关心。根据下文“butitwasnowheretobefound”可推测，家里所有人都在寻找它。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pili的不见给我们带来了巨大的悲伤。A.confusion困惑；B.nervousness紧张；C.sadness悲伤；D.regret遗憾。根据常识以及“Withtimepassing,PiliandIbecamecloser.”可知，宠物的失踪会带来悲伤，故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天我放学回家，姐姐告诉我爸爸骑自行车去市场买了一只新小鸡。A.precious珍贵的；B.new新的；C.beautiful漂亮的；D.rare稀有的。根据上文“UnluckilyPiliwas____2____suddenly”以及下文“SweetmemoriesofPilicrossedmymind”可知，爸爸买了一只新小鸡。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她兴奋地拉了拉我的衣服。A.unhappily不开心地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.unwillingly不情愿地；D.excitedly兴奋地。根据上文“OnedaywhenIcamehomefromschool,mysistertoldmeDadcycledtothemarkettobuya____5____chick”可推测，姐姐显得很兴奋。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：立即我想起了爸爸的承诺。A.mistake错误；B.promise承诺；C.discovery发现；D.contribution贡献。根据上文“Hepromisedmethatifhegotanotherchickthenexttime,Icould1it”可知，爸爸之前承诺过我，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我耐心地看着通往城镇的道路，等待爸爸的归来。A.begging乞求；B.answering回答；C.waiting等待；D.applying申请。根据上文“Ipatientlywatchedtheroadleadingtothetown”可知，我在等待爸爸回来。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到我时，停了下来。A.piecedup拼凑；B.gotoff下车；C.spedup加速；D.jumpedonto跳上。根据下文“whenhesawme”可知，爸爸回来了，看到我时停下了自行车。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他轻轻地把一只毛茸茸的小鸡放到我手里。A.placed放置；B.slid滑动；C.swung摇摆；D.threw扔。根据“gently”以及“afurrychick”可知，爸爸是轻轻地放到我手里。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸笑着轻轻抚摸着小鸡的黑白羽毛，问我有没有想好名字。A.sorting分类；B.washing洗；C.petting轻抚；D.counting数数。根根据下文“thechick’sblack-and-whitefeathers”可知，爸爸在轻轻地抚摸小鸡的羽毛。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸惊讶地说：“它太完美了!”A.frowned皱眉；B.sighed叹气；C.wept哭泣；D.nodded点头。根据上文“It’sperfect!”可知，爸爸表示惊讶并点头同意。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“欢迎来到我们家，Pili!”我对手中的小鸡轻声说道。A.market市场；B.town城镇；C.home家；D.school学校。根据上文“Myfamilyhadalotofchickens”可知，是欢迎小鸡来到“我家”。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：新Pili张开小小的翅膀，好像在向我问候。A.greet问候；B.recognize认出；C.surprise使惊讶；D.defend防卫。根据上文“ThenewPiliopeneditstinywingswide”推测小鸡做了一个迎接的动作，仿佛在问候我。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我变成了小鸡的伙伴。A.companion伙伴；B.helper帮手；C.rescuer救援者；D.photographer摄影师。根据下文“WhereverPiliwent,itwouldseemearound.”可知，我变成了小鸡的伙伴。故选A。第二节（共6小题，每小题1.5分，满分9分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单的正确形式。ZhanTianyou,thefatherofChina’srailroad,wentabroadwhenhewasonlytwelve.In1872,Zhanwasoneofthefirstboys____36____(choose)bytheChinesegovernmenttosendabroad.Theyboardedaship____37____(head)fortheUSA.Nooneknew____38____toexpect.Totheirjoy,theyreceivedawarmwelcomeonarrival.Zhandisplayedatalent____39____mathsandstudiedscienceandengineering____40____(energetic).Later,hereturnedtoCh