BEC商务英语（中级）阅读模拟试卷10（共405题）

BEC商务英语（中级）阅读模拟试卷10

（共9套）

（共405题）

BEC商务英语(中级)阅读模拟试卷第

1套

一、概括文意配伍(本题共7题，每题1.0分，共7

分。)

,Lookatthesesentencesandthefourparagraphs.*WhichdipA,B,CorDdoeseach

sentence1-7referto?eForeachsentence1-7,markoneletter(A,B,CorD)onyour

AnswerSheet.*Youwillneedtousesomeofthelettersmorethanonce.AGetasmuch

informationabouttheclientaspossible一annualreportscompanyperiodicals,publicity.

Sometimesthereisapointofcontact,i.e.someonewhoisinvolvedindraftingthe

requestforproposalsandwhocananswertechnicalquestionsabouttheformandcontent

ofyourproposal.Calltheperson—theymayrevealsomeinformationthat,cangiveyoua

competitiveedgeoratleastamorecustomisedapproachtosolvingtheprospective

client'sproblem.Sometimestlieyever,haveachecklistofitemstheylookforineach

proposalandwillbepreparedtotellyouaboutitifyouask.BProposalsareevaluatedby

awiderangeofreaders,fromtopmanagementtotechnicalevaluatorstobudget

analysers.Thesereaderswillfocusondifferentsectionsofaproposal,perhapsmissing

outwholesegments,Allreaders,however,shouldbeable(oevaluatethefirstsectionofa

proposal,whichisasummaryof(hedocument.Thelengthcanvarygreatly—itmay

sometimesbeonlyoneparagraphbutinaveryformalreportitmayruntoseveralpages.

CTheworstthingyoucandeisoffervaluejudgementswhichtheclientcanrefute.You

wanttoseemserious,fair,objectiveandfactual.Onlyafteryoubuildafoundationoffact

canyouofferafewjudgements.Otherwise,youarelikelytoinvitethereadertotake

issuewithyou.Thefactsareyourfindingsandshouldbelabelledassuch:opinionsare

conclusionsandshouldbelabelledthatway.Ifyouuseadjectiveslike'powerful','wide-

ranging','significant',etc.,makesureyousupportthemwithdetails.DInproposal

writingthereisatendencytorelyonstandardformats,i.e.static,standardsentences,

paragraphsorpagesthatseemtofitallsituationsanddonotchangefromproposalto

proposal.No-companyseesitselfasbeinglikeanyotherandsothelastthingyouwantis

foraprospectiveclienttobelieveyouarejustrecyclingoldsolutions.Youmusttryto

create(theideas(ofittheneedsofihepanicularclientandtrynotcocopyoldideas

becauseyoucannotbebotheredtogeneratenewones).

1、Startwithastatementthatwillbeaccessibletoeveryonewhostudiesit.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、Youshouldbackupallclaimsyoumake.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、Don'trepeatthecontentofpreviousproposals.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、Companiesmayalreadyhavepreparedsomeideasaboutwhaltheyexpectinthe

proposal.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Rememberthatproposalsarcreadbymorethanoneperson.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解折

6、Beawarethatallclientsregardthemselvesasunique.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

7^Youshouldseparateverifiableinformationfromyourpersonalpointofview.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、段落完型（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5分°）

•Readthearticlebelowabout.eChoosethebestsentencetofillineachofthegaps.,For

eachgap8-12,markonletter(A-G)onyourAnswerSheet.*Donotuseanylettermore

(hanonce.TheSteadyProgressofAPECItisameasureofAPECssuccessthatits

summitmeetings(statingwiththefirstheldin1993atSeattleinUSA)arenowheld

annually.Thesecondwasheldin1994atBogorinIndonesia.Itadoptedadeclarationto

abolishtariffsbetweenallitsmembersbytheyear2020.APECsdevelopedeconomies

would,however,followanearlierscheduleoffreeingtradeby2010.Thethirdsummitat

Osake(Japan)inNovemberwastostockoftheprogresstowardsthefreetradegoal.

APEC'sprogressisevengreaterconsideringthatuntilthefirstAsiaPacificEconomic

Cooperation(APEC)meetingof12regionalforeignandeconomicministersinAustralia,

itwassimplyalaudableidea.(8)EversincethatfatefulCanberraconferencein

November1989,APEChasneverlookedback.Theoriginal12-memberforumhas18

members:Australia,Brunei,Canada,Chile,China,HongKong,Indonesia,Japan,South

Korea,Malaysia,Mexico,NewGuinea,thePhilip-pines,Singapore,Taiwan,Thailand

andtheUnitedStates.TherushtojointheAPECclubissogreatthatithadtoimposea

three-yearmoratoriumonnewmembershiptill1996.(9)WhenAustraliafirstmootedthe

proposaltoconveneaconferenceforregionalcooperation,therewasconsiderable

misgivingandscepticismaboutit.MostASEANcountries(AssociationofSouthEast

AsianNations)—Brunei.Indonesia,Malaysin,thePhilippines,SingaporeandThailand

(Vietnamwasnotamemberof(hem)—werenotparticularlyenthusiastic.(10)Indonesia's

ForeignMinister,AhAlatas,simplywantedanyPacificorganizationtobeanextension

ofASEAN.Indonesia'shostingoftheAPECsummitlastyear,wherePresidentSoeharto

playedaleadingroleinputtingtogetherthefreetradedeclaration,wouldsuggestthat

Jakarta'searliermisgivingshavedisappeared.(11)Inthelead-uptotheOsakasummit,

thereportcardonthefreetradeagenda(gleanedfromthemeetingsofofficialsfrom

membercountries)didnotseemterriblygood.TheUnitedStates,whichseeksexpanded

access(andataquickerpace)toregionalmarkets,wasunhappywiththeslownessof

Japantoadvancethefreetradeagenda.JapanwasthecountrychairingAPECfor1995.

AccordingtoMSSandraKristoff,theUSStateDepartment'sCoordinatorforAPEC,

Japanhad"togooutthereandcreateaconsensus[onfreetrade],leadaconsensus,make

thishappen...TheUnitedStatesdoubtedJapan'sfreetradecredentialsandfeltthatits

heartwasnotintheAPECpledge.Tokyohaswantedafreetradeagendatodevelopona

voluntarybasis.(12)However,becauseofAmerica'sgrowingpreoccupationin

themonthsaheadwithpresidentialelections,theClintonadminisiralion'simpatienceand

consequentnegativerhetoricneednotbetakenalitsfacevalue.Washingtoncannot

affordtoignoreoroptoutofAPEC,withtheUSAhavingabout$400billionannual

tradewiththeregion.AThesecondsummitwasheldin1994atBogorinIndonesia.BIt

wasfeltthatapan-Pacificorganizationwoulddwarf12ASEAN,whichmightthenlose

itsreasonforbeingdiscussedandevenitsexistence.CBut.itwasanideawhosetime

hadcome.DItwould,however,benaivetosuggestthatAPECwillbeallsmoothsailing.

EThisinitselfisaproofoftheconsiderableheadwayAPEChasmadeinashortperiod

ofaboutsixyears.FItneedsemphasizingthatallAPECmembersareinfavourof

regionalfreetradebutalldenotfavoursettime-schedulesandtheirenforcement.G

Washingtonhasnotbeenhappywiththisapproach.

8、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：暂无解析

10.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：哲无解析

11、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、常规阅读理解(本题共6题，每题，。分，共6

分。)

,Readthearticlebelowaboutlosinganaccenttoachievesuccess,andthequestionson

theoppositepage.•Foreachquestion18-18.markoneletter(A.B,C,orD)onyour

AnswerSheetfortheansweryouchoose.LOSINGANACCENTTOACHIEVE

SUCCESSItwaspainfulfor[rwinLayton(owarnoneofhisrecentlypromoted

managersthathehadtocorrecthisspeech—oritcouldcosthimhiscareer.Theword

"voltage"cameoutofEdwin'smouthsoundinglike"wokage',and"this"soundedlike

"dis”.Thisoftenresultedinmistakesbeingmadeintheshipmentsheordered."Iwas

reallyforcedintosubmission.Theysaid,'Eitheryouimproveyouraccentoryourchances

ofgettingpromotedtoseniormanagementwon'tbegood,'"saidEdwin.Edwinisajunior

managermaking$51,000ayearatamanufacturingcompanyinMountainView.Despite

ofmixedfeelings,hehiredaspeechcoachtohelphimout.Heisnotalone.Accent

reductionisrapidlyturningintoamajorbusinessforspeechcoachesintheBayAreaand

otherlargecities.Young,first-generationforeignprofessionalsinAmericahopingto

improvetheircareersappeartomakeupthemajorityofthosepayingtogetridoftheir

accents."IhavepeoplewhosecommandofEnglishisgood—they'vegonetouniversities

hereintheUnitedStales,butwhentheygointotheworkplace,theyareheldback,"said

ArthurCompton,founderoftheInstituteofLanguage&PhonologyinSanFrancisco.

Edwinsaidhewasembarrass汨andtriedtoignoreincidentsthroughouthiscareerwhen

colleagueswouldpointouthisaccentanddoimitationsofhispronunciationsforfun.

Edwin'sexperiencesearlyinhiscareermadehimverysensitivetotheproblemshefaced

withhisaccent,and.likemanyothers,hecompensatedbypushinghimselftogreat

extremesineducation."IfeltthatjustbecauseIhadanaccent,somepeoplethoughtIwas

stupid,"Edwinsaid."Theylostpatience.TheydidnotwanttowaittolistenforwhatI

wastryingtosay.Itmademefeelsobad.IknewIhadsomuchtooffer-myprimary

motiveforworkingtherewastodowhatIcouldtoimprovethecompany.Yet,noneof

thatseemedtomattertothembecausetheydidn'thavepatience."Speechcoachesand

manyotherprofessionalssaythatsomeAmericanshaveaprejudiceagainstthosewho

speakwithanaccent.Losinganaccentishardwork.Eachlanguagehascertainsounds,

aswecantellfrom(hemanydifferentalphabets,(hatarejustnotfoundinother

languages.Welearnasbabiestomakethesesoundsbymovingthelips,mouth,and

tonguemusclesinsetpatterns.Soaspeechcoachtriesandresetsthesepatternsfor

peoplewhospeakotherlanguages.For13weeks,andatacostof$795,Edwinspentan

houreachweekwithaspeechinstructor,pronouncing,overandoveragain,compound

wordssuchas"zookeeper",prepositionphrasessuchas"inregardto",aswellaswords

suchas"this"and"voltage",allthewhilelookingintoamirrorathismouth.Seeing

himselfallowedhimtohaveavisualimagetogoalongwiththesoundshewasmaking.

"Whenclasswasover,Iwasexhausted,"hesaid.Butfollowingthelongprocessionof

lessons,heimprovedby78percent,receivedahealthyinjectionofconfidence,and

admittedthatheshouldhavedoneitsooner.Hisboss,Layton,calledita"win-win"

situation,andissoenthusiasticthatheissponsoringasecondemployeeintheprogram.

13、HowdidMr.Edwin'saccentbringtroubletohiswork?

A、Hecouldnotgetalongwellwithhiscolleagues.

B、Hemademistakesatworkjustbecauseofhisaccent.

C、Histalentandpassionfbrworkwereignored.

D、BothBandC.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、19.WhatwouldhappenifMr.Edwindidn'ttrytogetricofhisaccent?

A、Hemightmakelessthan$51,000ayearatthemanufacturingcompany.

B、Hecouldnotordersuccessfulshipmentsanymore.

C、Hischancesofgettingpromotedtoseniormanagementwouldn'tbegood.

D^Hewouldpushhimselftoohardineducationbecausehewastoosensitive.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、20.HowdosomeAmericansthinkofpeoplewithaccents?

A^Theythinkpeoplewithaccentsarenotintelligent.

B、Theythinkpeoplewithaccentsdon'tdeservetobepromoted.

C、Theythinkpeoplewithaccentsneedspeechcoachestohelpthemgetridoftheir

accents.

D^Theythinkpeoplewithaccentslackexperienceinbusiness.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、2Whyisithardtoloseanaccent?

A^Becausepeoplewithaccentsarestupid.

B、Becausepeoplehavetoresetthespeechpatternsduetodifferentalphabets.

C、Becausehiringaspeechcoachistooexpensive,andpeoplecannotafford.

D、Becausepeoplewithaccentshavedifferentculturebackgroundswhichmaynotbe

overcomeeasily.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、2WhatresultedfromMr.Edwin5sefforts?

A^Heimprovedalotinhiscareer.

B、Hebecamemoreself-confident.

C、Hegotpromotedveryquickly.

D、Heisgoingtosupportothercolleagueswiththesameproblem.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、2WhydidMr.Laytoncallita"win-win"situation?

A^ThesituationprovedtobebeneficialtobothMr.Edwinandtheemployer.

B、ThesituationprovedtobebeneficialtoMr.Edwin,whowithhistalentandpassion,

wouldhavebetterchancesfbrcareerdevelopment.

C、Thesituationprovedtobebeneficialtotheemployerwhowouldsponsorasecond

employer.

D、Thesituationprovedtobebeneficialtoboththemanufac:uringcompanyandspeech

coaches.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、完形填空(本题共万题，每题分，共万分。)

•Readthearticlebelowabouttheimportanceofwritingjobdescriptions.•Choosethe

bestwordorphrasetofilleachgapfromA,B,C,orDontheoppositepage.•Foreach

question19—83,markoneletter(A.B,C,orD)onyourAnswerSheet.WritingEffective

JobDescriptionsAjobdescriptiondescribesthemiijorareasofanemployee'sjobor

position.Agoodjobdescriptionbeginswithacareful(19)ofthe.importantfactsabouta

job,suchastheindividualtasks(20),themethodsusedtocompletethetasks,the

purposeandresponsibilitiescfthejob,the(21)ofthejobtootherjobs,andthe(22)

neededforthejob.It'simportantto(23)ajobdescriptionpracticalbykeepingit

dynamic,functional,andcurrent.Don'tgetstuckwithaninflexiblejobdescription!A

poorjobdescriptionwill(24)youandyouremployeesfromtryinganythingnewand(25)

howtoperformtheirjobmoreproductively.Awell-written,practicaljobdescriptionwill

(26)youavoidhearingarefusaltocarryoutarelevantassignmentbecause"Itisn'tinmy

jobdescription."Realisticallyspeaking,manyjobsare(27)tochangedueeitherto

personalgrowth,organizationaldevelopment,and(heevolutionofnewtechnologies.

(28)jobdescriptionswillencourageyouremployeestogrowwithintheirpositionsand

learnhowtomakelarger(29)toyourcompany.Forexample.Isyourofficemanager

stuck(30)orderingofficesuppliesforthecompanyandkeepingthestorageclosetwell

stockedorishe(31)andimplementingasystemoforderingofficesuppliesthatpromotes

costsavingsand(32)withintheorganization?Whenwritingajobdescription,keepin

mindthatthejobdescriptionwill(33)asamajorbasisforoutliningjobtrainingor

conductingfuturejobevaluations.

19、

A、management

B、analysis

C^resume

D、contract

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、

A、involved

B、engaged

C^accepted

D、met

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A^partnership

B、development

C、relationship

D、arrangement

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

degree

B、qualifications

C、quality

D、limitation

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

23、

A、make

B、let

C、have

D、put

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、allow

B、keep

C、require

D、send

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、showing

B、doing

C、expecting

D、learning

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A、enable

B、help

C、stop

D、make

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

27、

A^subjected

B、attached

C、forced

D、asked

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、

A、Fixed

B、Changed

C、Flexible

D^Various

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、

A^distribution

B、donation

C、demands

D、contribution

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A^routinely

B、reasonably

C、hardly

virtually

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、researching

B、developing

C、advertising

D、thinking

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、capability

B、expense

C、payment

D、efficiency

标准答案：D

知识点解析：哲无解析

33、

Asoffer

B、work

C、serve

D^take

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、改错（本题共72题，每题7.0分，共72分。）

,Readthetextbelowabouthowtodenycustomers'claims.,Inmostofthelines34-45

thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesnotfitinwiththe

meaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.•Ifalineiscorrect,write

CORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.•Ifthereisanextrawordintheline,writetheextra

wordinCAPITALLETTERSonyourAnswerSheet.DenyingClaimsCorrect

CustomersoccasionallywantsomethingtheyarcnotentitledtoorthatyouTheircan't

grant.Theymaymisunderstandtheirwarrantiesormakeunreasonable34demands.

Becausethesecustomersareoftenunhappywithaproductor35service,theyare

emotionallyinvolvedin.Lettersthatsaynoloemotionally36involvedreceiverswill

probablybeyourmuchmostdifficultcommunication37task.AsifpublisherMalcolm

Forbeshaspointedout,"Tobeagreeablewhile38bedisagreeing-ihat'sanan."

Fortunately,thereasons-before-refusalplan39enablesyoutobeempathicandartfulin

handlingwithbadnews.Obviously,in40deniallettersyouwillneedtoadopttheproper

tone.Don'tblameoncustomers41orsuggestthatthecustomerdocsnotreador

understandwhatthecontractor42relativepolicies,eveniftheyareatfault.Avoiduse

"you"statementsthat43soundpreachy.Instead,thesafestpathistouseneutraland

objective44languagetoexplainthatwhytheclaimmustberefused.Sometimesyoumay

45hopeconsiderofferingresaleinformationtorebuildthecustomer'sconfidenceinyour

productsororganization.

34、

标准答案：CORRECT

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、

标准答案：IN

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、

标准答案：MUCH

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、

标准答案：IF

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、

标准答案：BE

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、

标准答案：WITH

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、

标准答案：ON

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、

标准答案：WHAT

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、

标准答案：USE

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、

标准答案：CORRECT

知识点解析：暂无解析

44、

标准答案：THAT

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、

标准答案：HOPE

知识点解析：担无解析

BEC商务英语（中级）阅读模拟试卷第

―”▲

一、概括文意配伍（本题共7题，每题1.0分，共7

分。）

HowtoapproachReadingTestPartOne,InthispartoftheReadingTestyoumatch

sevenstatementswithfourshorttexts.,Firstreadeachshorttextandthenreadthe

sentencestoseewhichonesrefertothetext.,Makesureyoureadeachtextfbroverall

meaning.Donotchooseananswerjustbecauseyoucanseethesamewordsinthetext.•

Lookatthesentencesbelowandtheadvicefbrsecretariesandpersonalassistantsabout

dealingwithanewmanagerontheoppositepage.•Whichcompany(A,B,OorD)does

Bachsentence1-7referto?,Foreachsentence1-7,markoneletter(A,B,CorD)on

yourAnswerSheet.,Youwillneedtousesomeofthelettersmorethanonce.AIfyou

areasecrctaiy,orpersonalassistant,gettinganewmanagermeansthatyourjobwill

probablychange,too.Thenewpersonislikelytohavedifferentideasabouthowthings

shouldbedone,andyoumaywellfindthatsomeofthesearechangesfbrthebetter.But

rememberthatthenewmanagermightbefeelingnervous.Ifyoutreattheirfirstdayin

thejobasthoughit'syourownfirstday,too,itwilleasethetransitionforthem,and

benefityouboth.BYournewmanagermayhavedifferentideasfromyourpreviousone

aboutpersonalhabits,suchaseatinga(yourdesk,andyouwillhavetoaccept(hat.Their

changesmaynotalwaysbeappropriateorhelpful,however.Itcouldbethatyouare

askedtoopenthepostlateronintheday,whenyouknow(hatitisimportanttogetit

sortedfirstthing.In(hiscase,ratherthangrumblingaboutitandspreadingdiscontent

aroundtheoffice,explainifthereisagenuinereasonforaparticularwayofworking.C

Ifyournewmanagerhasjoinedthecompanyfromoutside,theywillbeonasteep

learningcurve.Youcanreallyshowyourworthbybringthemuptospeedonthe

companyhistoryandculture.Theappointmentofanewmanagerisalsotheideal

oppnunityforyoutodiscussyourprospectsfortrainingandpronioiionwith(hem,

thoughraisingthesubjectontheirfirstdayisunlikelytogivethemagoodimpressionof

you.DIfyouarcconcernedaboutchangesthatyournewmanagerwantstomaketoyour

job,firstcheckyourjobdescription,ifyouhaveone,thenspeaktohimorhercalmly

aboutit.Ifworkisbeingputyourwaythatissomeoneelse'sresponsibility,sayso.Make

itclearwhatyoubelievetobethelimitsofyourjob.Ideally,thetwoofyouwillcometo

anagreementthatsuitsbothparties,failingthat,considercontactingthehumanresources

departmenttoseeifitcanactasmediator.

1、Youmaybeabletoexploreyourcareerdevelopmentwithyournewmanager.

标准答案：C、

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、Youmayneedtopointoutwhycertainproceduresareinplace.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、Helpyournewmanagertofeelrelaxedwhen(heytakeuptheposition.

标准答案:A

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、Youshouldresisttakingonextrataskswhichyoudonotconsiderpartofyourrole.

标准答案：D、

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Youmayneedhelpinsettlingdifferenceswithyournewmanager.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、Youshouldnotencouragecolleaguestobecomehostiletowardsyournewmanager.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、Anewmanage!maybuucfilfromyourknowledgeofuonvcnlioiisandaltitudes

withinthecompany.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、段落完型(本题共5题，每题分，共5分。)

HowtoapproachReadingTestPartTwo•InthispartoftheReadingTestyoureadatext

withgapsinit,andchoosethebestsentencetofilleachgapfromasetofseven

sentences.•Firstreadthetextfortheoverallmeaning,thengobackandlookforthebest

sentenceforeachgap.•Makesurethesentencefitsboththemeaningandthegrammarof

thetextaroundthegap.•Readthearticleontheoppositepageaboutthemarketingguru

TheodoreLevitt.,Choose(hebestsentencefrombelow[ofilleachofthegaps.,For

eachgap8-12,markoneletter(A-G)onyourAnswerSheet.•Donotuseanyletter

morethanonce.•Thereisanexampleatthebeginning,(0).Didthismaninvent

marketing?Fortheworldofmanagement-orthetrend-settingpartofitwhichreadthe

HarvardBusinessReview(HBR)-1960wastheyearthatmarketingbegan.

Extraordinaryasitseemstoday,untilHBRpublishedanarticlebyaGerman-American

academiccalledTheodoreLevittsayingthat'industryisacustomer-satisfyingprocess,

notagoods-producingprocess',mostmanagersoperatedoniheprinciplethatpeople

wouldbuywhatever(heirconpaniesproduced,withtheaidofalittleadvertising.(0)It

wasonewherethepublicwassopleasedtohaveanychoicecfgoodsafterthebarren

yearsofWorldWarIIthatconsumerproductsvirtuallysoldthemselves.Theremightbe

competitionbetweendifferentmakesofsoappowderortoothpaste,butnoonein

industryseriouslyconsideredprobingmoredeeplyintowhatcustomerswanted,ormight

wantinthefuture.LevittchangedallthatwithonearticleinHBR.entitled'Marketing

Myopia'.(8)...Hismessagewasverysimple.Sellingwasnotmarketing,hepointedout.

'Sellingconcernsitselfwiththetricksandtechniquesofgettingpeopletoexchangetheir

cashforyourproduct.(9)...Anditdoesnot,asmarketinginvariablydoes,viewthe

entirebusinessprocessasconsistingofatightlyintegratedefforttodiscover,create,

arouseandsatisfycustomerneeds.Sellingfocusesontheneedsoftheseller,marketing

ontheneedsofthebuyer.'Levittbeganbyexplainingthateveryindustrywasoncea

growthindustry.Butgrowthwillnotcontinuethroughimprovementsinproductivityor

costreductionalone.(10)...Hecited(heDetroitautomobileindustryasaprimeexample:

ruledbytheproductionethos,inI960ilwassimplygivingthscustomerwhatitthought

(hecustomershouldhave.'Detroitneverreallyresearchedthecustomer'swants.Itonly

researchedthekindsofthingsithadalreadydecidedloofferhim,'Levittwrote.

Eventually,itwaspunishedbytheJapanesewiththeircompactcars.(11)...Industries

candieiftheydon'tunderstandhowtheirmarketsarechanging,Levittwarned,citinghis

famoushorse-whipexample:aftertheautomobilekilledthehorseandcarriageas

personaltransportation,makersofhorse-whipscouldnotsavethemselvesbyimproving

theproduct.(12)...Thesedays,althoughLevittcalledmarketinga'stepchild',ithascome

alongwaytowardsgrowingup.AOnlya'thoroughlycustomer-orientedmanagement'

canmaintainit.BItissuchafar-sightedassessmentthatmanycompaniesarcstillfailing

it.CTheyneededtoreinventtheirwholebusinessbystudyingwhatcustomerswould

nowwantfanbelts,say,oraircleaners.DItisnotconcernedwiththevaluesthatthe

exchangeisallabout.EItsethimupasthefirstmarketingguruandovertheyearsHBR

hassoldhundredsofthousandsofreprints.FThesewerewhatcustomerswantedafter(he

oilpriceshocksof.(heearly1970s.GBusinessinthe1950shadbeenacomplacent,

producer-orientedworld.

8、

标准答案.F

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、

标准答案：D

知识点解析，暂无解析

10、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：暂无解析

12、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：西无解析

三、常规阅读理解(本题共6题，每题7.0分，共6

分。)

•ReadthearticlebelowaboutCommonStockandPreferredStockandthequestions.*For

eachquestion13〜18,markoneletterA,B.CorDonyourAnswerSheet.Common

StockandPreferredStockApubliccorporationissuescertificatesofownership,called

commonstock,whichmaybetradedonstockexchanges.Anyonecanbuyandsell

sharesofcommonstock.Ownersofstockarereferredtoasshareholdersand

stockholders.Commonstockholdersareaccordedcertainrightsbythecorporatecharter.

IntheUnitedStates,theseriglitsvaryfromstatetostate,butingeneralthearticlesof

incorporationspelloutvotingrightsandrightstoreceiveprofits.Commonstockholders

arethevotingownersofaCorporation.Theyareusuallyentitledtoonevotepershare.

Theymayvoteonnumerousaffectingthecorporation(includingadecisiontosellor

mergewithanthercorporation)andelectahoardofdirectors,who,inturn,hiremanagers

torunthebusiness.Amajorityshareholderisonewhoownsover50percentofthe

outstandingsharesinacorporationand,thus,cancalltheshots.Allothershareholders

areminorityshareholders.Inlargecorporationsnosinglepersonororganizationowns

anywherenearamajorityinterest.Inlarge,publiclyownedcorporationsashareholder

withaslittleas10percentof(hesharesmaycontrolthecorporationeffectively.Ifthings

gobadly,acoalitionofsocalleddissidentshareholdersmaygatherenoughvotesto

replacetheexistingboardofdirectors;(henewboardmayfiretheexistingmanagement

andbringintheirownmanagementteam.Althoughcommonstockrepresentsownership

inacompany,itdoesnotguaranteetheownersaspecifiedrateofreturn.Asowners,the

stockholdersreceiveprofitsafterallexpenses,includingdebtsandtaxes,havebeenpaid.

Theyreceiveprofitsfromthebusinessintheformofdividendpayments,whichrepresent

apercentageofprofits.Notallafter-taxprofitsarepaidtothestockholdersindividends.

Directorsusuallydecidequarterlyhowmuch,ifany,iftheprofitstheywishtodistributed

totheowners.Theprofitsarceitherdistribu