【学案与测评】高中英语-Unit2-Cloning词汇课件-新人教版选修8

假设你班就科学家是否应该克隆人进行了讨论，20％的同学赞成，认为其一：有利于促进该科学领域取得突破；其二：克隆智力过人的伟大科学家，人类将拥有更多有非凡贡献的人。80％的同学反对，因为这样违背社会道义，克隆人没有父母，无法像正常人一样生活，试谈谈你的看法。词数120字左右。范文背诵Didyoueverimaginehavingachildthatistheexactreplica（复制品）ofyou?Didyoueverimagineofhavingthecureforheartdiseaseorcancer?Well,thesefantasiesarenotfarfromreach.Thewaywecouldreachthesefantasiesisthroughaprocesscalledcloning.Cloningisthereplicationofanexactgeneticcopyofanorganismbyuseofasomatictissue(orcell)fromthedonororganism.Cloningcanbeusedinhumans,humanorgans,orevenanimals.Therearemanyadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcloning.Abenefitofcloningiscloninghumanorgansorbodyparts.Ifapersonhasadysfunctional（变形）liverorheartthentheycouldgetitclonedandgetabrandnewone.Thesearesomeofthebenefitsofcloning.Eventhoughtherearealotofbenefitstocloning,therearealsoalotofdisadvantagesofcloning.Onedisadvantageiswhethercloningisethical.Cloningwillbringupagreatcontroversyonwhethercloningisthe“right”thingtodoornot.Thiscontroversyiscurrentlygoingonrightnowandwillbeevenagreatercontroversyifthegovernmentallowscloning.Manypeoplethinkthatnatureshouldjusttakeitscourse.Otherpeoplethinkthatcloningwillbeaverygoodthingtosociety.句型背诵

①Thewaywecouldreachthesefantasiesisthroughaprocesscalledcloning.②Abenefitofcloningiscloninghumanorgansorbodyparts③Eventhoughtherearealotofbenefitstocloning,therearealsoalotofdisadvantagesofcloning.1._______vi.不同；相异→_______

adj.不同的→_______

n.不同;不同之处2._______

adj.精确的;准确的→_______

adv.精确地，准确地3._______

adj.商业的；贸易的→_______

n.商业；贸易4._______

adj.简单的;直接的;坦率的5._______

n.程序;手续;步骤6._______

v.着手;从事;承担7.______v.反对；不赞成→______

n.不赞成；反对；异议8.______

adj.道德（上）的;伦理的→______

adv.道德上地;伦理上地9.______

vt.&vi.积累;聚积→______

n.积累;聚积10.______

vi.退休;离开→______

n.退休11.______

vt.打扰；vi.操心;n.烦扰12.______

n.假定；设想→______

v.以为；设想；承担；呈现13.______

n.规则，规章;法规→______

v.规范；调节→______

adj.定期的，有规律的;正规的14.______

vt.抵抗，对抗→______

n.抵抗，反抗；抵抗力→______

adj.有抵抗力的15.______

adv.仅；只；不过→______

adj.仅仅的答案：1.differ;different;difference2.exact；exactly3.commercial;commerce4.straightforward5.procedure6.undertake7.object;objection8.moral;morally9.accumulate;accumulation10.retire；retirement11.bother12.assumption；assume13.regulation;regulate;regular14.resist;resistance;resistant15.merely;mere1.pay______得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2.______down沮丧；不愉快3.______to反对；不赞成4.in______

of支持；赞成5.be______todo...一定或注定（做）……6.______...intoone’sheart使……刻骨铭心7.from______totime不时；偶尔8.bring______tolife使复生；使复活9.in______白费力气；枉费心机10.ingood/poor______状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）答案：1.off2.cast3.object4.favour5.bound6.strike7.time8.back9.vain10.conditionThefact______sheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.多莉看来是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。答案：that1.undertakevt.着手;从事;承担；承诺，答应Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.科学家从事这项实验。Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。常用结构：undertakesth.着手/从事/承担某事undertaketodosth.保证/答应做某事undertakethat...保证……【即学即练】完成句子①他欣然承担那项艰难的任务。He______thedifficulttaskwillingly.②他许诺当我们的向导。He__________________ourguide.答案：①undertook②undertooktobe单项填空③He_______toimprovetheworkingconditionsandtheworkerswereexpectingit.A.undertookB.allowedC.answeredD.admitted解析：选A。考查动词辨析。undertake此处意为“答应”相当于promise。温馨提示：其过去式为：undertook;过去分词为：undertaken。2.objectionn.不赞成；反对；异议Nobodyraisedanyobjectiontomydoingitrightnow.没人反对,我现在就做这件事。Thechiefobjectiontotheessayisitsinappropriateuseofspecialjargons.这篇文章的主要缺点是专业术语用得不当。【联想拓展】object表示“反对”，为不及物动词，后接宾语时需要加介词to。oppose表示“反对”，为及物动词，接宾语时不加介词to。但是在beopposedto中需要加介词to，表示“反对……，与……相反”。objecttosb./sth.不赞成某人/某事(to为介词)objectto（sb.）doingsth.反对(某人)做某事objectthat...反对……Itwasobjectedthat...有人反对……常用结构：have/makeanobjectionto（doing）sth.对……表示反对【即学即练】

完成句子①我们反对受到这样的待遇。We_________________treatedlikethis.②母亲反对说，吉米身体太虚弱，不能承担那份工作。Mother____________Jimmywastooweaktotakeupthejob.答案：①objecttobeing②objectedthat3.obtainvt.获得；赢得Ihaven’tbeenabletoobtainthatrecordanywhere.我到处都没买到那张唱片。Hesaidthatthepolicehadobtainedthisinformationbyillegalmeans.他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。常用结构：obtainsth.fromsb./sth.从……获得某物obtainsth.bydoingsth.通过做某事获得某物【易混辨析】obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieveobtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或达到目的的意味，属正式用语。acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等”，也可用于对财物等的“获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处”；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。earn意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。【即学即练】选词填空(obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve）①Ifinallymanagedto______acopyofthereport.②Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual______manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.③Aninvestor______bybuyingstocksthatgoupinvalue.④Howmuchdoyou_______aweek?⑤Themoviestar______successandwealth.答案：①obtain②acquires③gains④earn⑤achieved4.owevt.欠（账，钱，人情等）；归功于……Heoweshisfather￡50.=Heowes￡50tohisfather.他欠他父亲50英镑。WeowethisdiscoverytoNewton.我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。常用结构：owe...to...欠……；把……归功于；应感激……owe...to...for...因……欠……owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物owingto因为，由于【联想拓展】owingadj.欠的，未付的【即学即练】完成句子①他把自己的成功归功于他的父母！He_______hissuccess_______hisparents!②我们全靠牛顿才知道引力的原理。We_______theprincipleofgravitation______Newton.答案：①owed;to②owed;to5.resistvt.抵抗；对抗Theywerepowerlesstoresist.他们无力反抗。Manyyoungpeoplecouldnotresistthespiritualpollution.很多年轻人不能抵制精神污染。Ican’tresistthetemptation.我不能抵挡诱惑。常用结构：resiststh.抵制；阻挡某事resistdoingsth.反对做某事can’tresistdoingsth.忍不住做某事 beresistanttosb./sth.对某人/某事有抵抗力用法点拨：resist表示“忍得住”，常与can’t/couldn’t连用，后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。【即学即练】完成句子①她忍不住要笑。She______hardly

______

______.②我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。I

______

______bakedapples.答案：①could;resistlaughing②can’tresist单项填空③Sheisoverweight,butshecan’t

______thetemptationtoeatmoredeliciousfood.A.forbidB.attachC.allowD.resist解析：选D。考查动词词义辨析。resist抵制；forbid禁止；attach吸引，粘上；allow允许。由句意可知，应选D。6.payoff得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清；解雇Wewillhavemoremoneytospendafterwepayoffourmortgage.在付清贷款后,我们会有更多钱花。Thecompanyhaspaidoffsomeredundantemployees.公司在发放工资后解雇了一些多余的雇员。【联想拓展】payfor付……的钱；为……而付出代价paybacksth.(=paysb.backsth.)偿还；报复paysb.forsth.=paysth.tosb.forsth.付钱给某人作为……的费用【即学即练】

单项填空①Ifyougoforalongrideinafriend’scar,it’sthecustomtoofferto_______someoftheexpenses.A.payB.payoffC.payforD.payback解析：选C。此处表达偿付一部分费用。payfor付……的钱。用与pay相关的词组填空②Aftertenyearsofhardworkingshefinally__________herdebt.③Oureffortsaresureto_____________.④Haveyou______themoney______thebankyet?答案：②paidoff③payoff④paid;to7.infavourof赞成，支持Everyoneintheclassvotedinfavourofthecompetition.班里的每个人都投票赞成参加那个竞赛。【联想拓展】insb.’sfavour对某人有利dosb.afavour=doafavourforsb.帮某人忙dosb.thefavourtodosth.=dosb.afavourbydoingsth.帮忙做……CouldyoudomeafavourandtellKellyIcan’tmakeit?你能帮我个忙告诉凯利我没法做成吗？温馨提示：dosb.afavour(doafavourforsb.)帮助某人(在该短语中带有不定冠词a,但当后边带动词不定式作定语时，favour前的冠词应为the)。【即学即练】

单项填空①Heargued_____astrike.A.infavourofB.inhonourofC.infaceofD.inneedof解析：选A。考查短语辨析。infavourof支持;inhonourof为了纪念……;infaceof面对；inneedof需要。由句意可知，选A。②Idon’tliketoaskpeopleforhelpasarulebutIwonderifyoucould______meafavour.A.makeB.doC.findD.get解析：选B。dosb.afavour帮助某人，符合句意。温馨提示：当表示“支持，赞同某人/某事”时除用infavourof之外；其他常用：beforsb./sth.standby;standonone’sside等。表示“不支持，不赞同某人/某事”时用beagainstsb./sth.8.beboundtodo一定；注定(做)【联想拓展】beboundfor去，准备去……beboundupwith...与……有密切关系beboundtosth.受……限制；被……束缚【即学即练】完成句子①明天天气一定会变得更好。Theweather________________getbettertomorrow.②你下了这么多工夫,一定能考及格。You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou________________passtheexam.③这艘轮船前往青岛。Thisship__________________Qingdao.答案：①isboundto②areboundto③isboundfor9.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.(P11)她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally是一个同位语从句，作thefact的同位语。同位语从句一般由that引导，常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。当先行词是problem，question或当主句是表示疑问或否定意思时，连接词要用whether或其他的疑问代词或副词。ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.他当选美国总统的消息是真的。Thequestionwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasnotbeenansweredyet.我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。Ihavenoideawherethenewlibrarywillbebuilt.我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。10.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.（P11）接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。now,then位于句首，谓语是come,go,appear等时句子用全部倒装。Nowcomesyourturn.轮到你了。【即学即练】单项填空Inthedarkforests_______,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.A.standmanylakesB.liemanylakesC.manylakeslieD.manylakesstand解析：选B。考查词语辨析以及倒装。地点状语放在句首时，谓语常是come，go，lie,stand等且主语是名词或名词词组时主句用全部倒装。表示某物存在某处，动词应用lie。Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Theroleofthenewsu______informingpublicopinionisofgreatimportance.2.Thesmalltownlookse_____asitdidwhenitwasbuilt200yearsago.3.I’msorrytod______yousolate,butIwaswonderingifIcoulduseyourphone.4.Forateachertohitachildisnotjustm______wrongbutalsoillegal.5.Theseprofitsarebasedonthea______thatpriceswillcontinuetorise.6.Thetreatmentwon’tcureher-itm______stopsthepain.7.Thelawf_____thesaleofcigarettestopeopleundertheageof16.8.Wehaveworkedoutanewsetofp_____forusingthismachine.9.Nooneo______whenthemanagersaiditwastimetogohome.10.Everyservantwillr_____fromhispositionattheageof60.答案：1.undertaken2.exactly3.disturb4.morally5.assumption6.merely7.forbids8.procedures9.objected10.retireⅡ.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空becastdown/objectto/infavourof/beboundto(do)/fromtimetotime/bringbacktolife/payoff/ingoodcondition/invain/castdown1.DuringmystayinJapanmysistervisitedme_______.2.I_______toknowthatshefailedinthefinalexam.3.Allyoureffortswill_______.Justkeepitup!4.Allthosepresentatthemeeting_______theplan.5.Hehasmadefullpreparationsfortheexam.He______succeed.

6.Arethereanyone______humancloning?7.Ithinksomedaydinosaursmaybe______throughcloning.8.Allourhardworkwas______.9.Keeperssaidthepandaswere______.10.They_______theirweaponsatlast.答案：1.fromtimetotime2.wascastdown3.payoff4.objectedto5.isboundto6.infavourof7.broughtbacktolife8.invain9.ingoodcondition10.castdownⅢ.同义句转换1.Atthebeginning,hewasagainstmyproposal.However,intheend,hechangedhismind.Atfirsthehesitatedaboutmysuggestion,buthe_____________agreed.2.Latertheylearntthatanearthquakehadtakenplaceinthatarea.Then__________________thattheareahadbeenhitbyanearthquake.3.Althoughhewasnotstrong,hejoinedinthework.____________________weakness,hetookpartinthework.答案：1.atlast2.camethenews3.DespiteofhisⅣ.根据要求改写句子Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.(改写成两个句子)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.（改写成正常语序）____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.Thefactisthatsheseemedtodevelopnormally.Thefactwasveryencouraging.2.ThedisturbingnewsthencamethatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.Ⅴ.完成句子1.Tellyourparentsthetruth,forthey________________(注定)knowallaboutit.2.Theprojectraised________________________(巨大的反对)andhadagreatimpactonthevillagers.3.Thoughhe_______________________（赞成）theplan,hedidn’tmakestraightforwardreplies.4.He_____________(已经积累)alotofteachingexperienceduringthepast10years.5.Hisassumptionthathumanbeingscancloneanimals______________（证实）atlast.答案：1.areboundto2.astormofobjections3.wasinfavourof4.hasaccumulated5.wasproved

Ⅵ.单项填空1.Afterthreeyearsofhardwork,theyhadatlastpaid_____allthemoneytheyhadborrowed.A.ForB.outC.inD.back解析：选D。payback表示“偿还，还清”，payfor支付；payout花费。2.He’sobviouslyquiteembarrassedaboutitbecauseheforbademe______tellinganyone.A.forB.fromC.offD.of解析：选B。forbidsb.fromdoing禁止某人做某事。3.Scientistshavereachedthe______conclusionthattheamountofsolarener