强化练(八)　思辨型语篇2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练专题一　四选一阅读

强化练(八)思辨型语篇2025高考英语大二轮专题强化练专题一四选一阅读强化练(八)思辨型语篇考情速递：思辨素养是高考英语科三大素养之一，指在使用英语进行交际或学习时，独立思考与判断，运用科学思维方式发现问题、分析问题并解决问题的意识和能力。因此高考试题在选材中会选取一些思辨气息浓郁的说明文或议论文，旨在培养同学们的辩证思维、批判性思维等高阶思维能力。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·青岛高三期末)“Practicemakesperfect”isaverypopularexpression.However,canwetakethissayingliterally？Manyscientificstudieshavesoughttoeitherproveordisprovethisidea.Onepopulartheoryisthatifapersonpracticesforatleast10，000hours,theywillreach“perfection”，orbecomeanexpertintheirfield.ThistheorywasmadefamousbyMalcolmGladwellinhis2008best－sellingbook,Outliers：TheStoryofSuccess.HementionedthemusicgroupTheBeatlesandMicrosoftco－creatorBillGates.Althoughtheyallseemedtohavelotsofnaturaltalent,theyalsoclearlyputinover10，000hoursofpracticebeforetheybecamesuccessful.Gladwell’sworkwaslargelybasedonresearchdonebyAndersEricsson,whoarguedthatGladwellmisinterpretedhisresearch.Firstly,Ericssonstatedthat10，000hourswasanaveragefigure.Somepeopleneededfarfewerthan10，000hours,andothersmanymore.Moreimportantly,Ericssonsaidthatjustpracticingalotwasnotenough;thetypeandqualityofpracticewerealsoessential.Hewentontoexplaintheimportanceof“deliberatepractice”，whichiswhenapersonpracticesaspecificpartofaskillindepthratherthanpracticingaskillasawhole.AmorerecentstudyfromPrincetonUniversitystatedthatpracticeonlyaccountedforupto26%ofreachinganexpertlevel.Manypeoplesaythatnaturaltalenthasalargeinfluenceonbecominganexpert.Anothernaturalfactorisphysicalsuperiority,whichisespeciallyevidentinsports.IQ,personality,attitude,andstartingagearedecisive,too.Butbecominganexpertdoesn’tequalinstantsuccess,whichalsoreliesonsocialandenvironmentalfactors.Inconclusion，practicemaynotmakeperfect，butdeliberatepracticehasbeenshowntoleadtosignificantimprovement.BasedonEricsson’sresearch，herearesometipsonhowtopracticeeffectively:bemotivated;makespecificandrealisticgoals；workoutsideyourcomfortzone;beconsistentandpersistent；andgetplentyofrest!Forthosewantingtobecomeanexpertinsomething,rememberthatbeingmotivatediskey—enjoywhatyoudoandfollowyourpassions.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章论证了练习可能无法达到完美，但刻意练习已经被证明能带来明显的提高。1.HowdidGladwellsupporthisidea?A.Bylistingnumbers.B.Byusingexamples.C.Byinterviewingfamouspeople.D.Bymentioningotherresearchers.答案B[写作手法题。根据第二段中的“Hementionedthemusicgroup...beforetheybecamesuccessful.”可知，格拉德威尔是通过乐队和微软联合创始人为例来支持他的1万小时理论的。]2.WhichofthefollowingmayEricssondisagreewith?A.Practicealoneisfarfromenough.B.10，000hoursofpracticeleadstosuccess.C.Practicehoursvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Deliberatepracticeismuchmoreeffective.答案B[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Ericssonsaidthatjustpracticingalotwasnotenough；thetypeandqualityofpracticewerealsoessential.”可知，Ericsson认为，只大量练习是不够的，实践的类型和质量也很重要。由此可知，Ericsson可能不同意一万个小时的练习通向成功这个观点。]3.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Theroleofpractice.B.Factorsincreatingexperts.C.Theimportanceofnaturaltalent.D.Warningsforexperts.答案B[段落大意题。第四段提到普林斯顿大学最近的一项研究表明，练习只占到达到专家水平的26%；很多人说天赋对成为专家有很大的影响；另一个自然因素是身体优势，这在体育运动中尤其明显；智商、性格、态度和起步年龄也是决定性因素，但成为专家并不是一蹴而就的，成功还取决于社会和环境因素。由此可知，这段主要讲的是成为专家的一些因素。]4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheidea“Practicemakesperfect”？A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Objective.答案D[观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Inconclusion，practicemay...tosignificantimprovement.”可知，熟可能不能生巧，但刻意的练习已被证明能带来显著的进步。再结合第二段内容可推知，作者对“熟能生巧”这一观点持客观的态度。](2023·巴蜀中学月考)IntherecentlyopenedOurBrokenPlanetexhibitioninLondon’sNaturalHistoryMuseum，asmallpieceofdarkmaterialcoveredwithfaintholesisonshowinadisplaycontainer.Thenodule(小圆块)couldeasilybemistakenforcoal，butitstruenatureismuchmoreinteresting.ThenoduleisacombinationofmetalsandoceanographershavediscoveredtrillionsofthemonEarth’soceanfloors.Eachisrichinsomeofthemostimportantelementsformakingtheelectriccars,windturbinesandsolarpanelsthatweneedtoreplacethecarbon－emittingmotors,powerplantsandfactoriesnowdamagingourclimate.Thesenodulescouldthereforehelphumanitysaveitselffromtheilleffectsofglobalwarming,andargueminingcompanieswhosaytheirexploitationshouldberatedaninternationalpriority.Byminingupchunks(厚块)fromthedeepwecanslowtheburningofourplanet’ssurface.“Wedesperatelyneedsubstantialamountsofmetalscontainedinthesenodulestobuildelectriccarsandpowerplants，”saysHansSmit，chiefexecutiveofFlorida’sOceansMineralsLLC,whichhasannouncedplanstominefornodules.“Wecannotincreaselandsuppliesofthesemetalswithouthavingasignificantenvironmentalimpact.It’sour__only__alternative.”Otherresearchersdisagree,however.Theysayminingdeep－seanoduleswouldbedisastrousforouralreadystressed,plastic－ridden,overheatedoceans.Delicate,long－livingresidentsofthedeep—shells，fish,coralsandsquids—wouldbeerasedbymining.Atthesametime,mudwithpoisonousmetalswouldbesentupwardstodisturbthemarinefoodchains.“Itishardtoimaginehowseabedminescouldworkablyoperatewithoutdestroyingtheoceanspecies，”saysUKmarinebiologistHelenScales,aviewsharedbyDavidAttenborough,whohascalledforapauseonalldeep－seaminingplans.“Inthiscaseitmeansthedestructionofanecosystem,anissueworththebestattentionfromeveryentity(实体)involved，”hesays.Forbetterorworse,thesemineralnodulesaregoingtoplayacriticalroleindeterminingourfuture—eitherbyreleasingusfromourcurrentecologicalheadachesorbystimulatingevenmorefataloutcomes.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了深海开采矿物小圆块的利弊。5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthenoduleondisplay?A.Aninterestingartificialartwork.B.Adifficult－to－tellchunkofcoal.C.Anoceanicpiecerichinmetals.D.Acontainerforelectricmaterials.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thenoduleisacombination...onEarth’soceanfloors.”可知，这种小圆块是金属的结合体，海洋学家在地球的海底发现了数万亿种金属。由此可知，展出的小圆块是从深海开采来的且富含金属元素。]6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ouronlyalternative”inparagraph4referto?A.Newtechnologyforpowerplants.B.Massiveproductionofelectriccars.C.Landexploitationformoreminerals.D.Underwaterminingforspecificmetals.答案D[词义猜测题。第四段陈述的是支持深海开采的HansSmit的观点，故可猜测该段中画线部分的“ouronlyalternative”指的是特定金属的水下开采。]7.WhatisDavid’smajorconcernfordeep－seanoduleexploitation?A.Thedisorderlymovementsofoceanspecies.B.Thedisturbanceofecologicalbalanceatsea.C.Theoperationalworkabilityforseabedmining.D.Theunevendistributionofprofitsamongentities.答案B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Inthiscaseitmeansthedestructionofanecosystem，anissueworththebestattentionfromeveryentity(实体)involved”可知，在这种情况下，它意味着生态系统的破坏，这是一个值得每一个相关实体高度关注的问题。由此可推知，David主要担心深海开采会破坏生态系统，打破它的平衡。]8.Whydothemineralnodulesplayacriticalroleindeterminingourfuture?A.Theycanbeusedbothforgoodandforbad.B.Theirexploitationcanbringopposingeffects.C.Theycontainbeneficialandharmfulelements.D.Theirexploiterscannotreachagreementtillnow.答案B[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，这些矿物小圆块要么把我们从目前令人头痛的生态问题中解脱出来，要么引发更致命的后果。由此可推知，矿物小圆块在决定我们的未来方面起着至关重要的作用是因为它们的开采可能会带来相反的效果。](2023·武汉高三质检)IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygete－mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.AndIrespond，“Transfer(转学)tohighschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofthefirst－ratemodernwisdom！”Icanexpecttobesendingmoreofthesee－mailsbecauseoftheCommonCoreStateStandards(共同核心国家标准),whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear，DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard，whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCoreStateStandardsInitiative,said，“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays，‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmeforamarketanalysis.Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear，tightlystructurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwroteinanewformat—atravelessay,ascreenplay，anapologye－mail—Ireadabunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently：anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowweexpressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn’tmerelytrainingforwork;it’strainingforcommunicationthroughoutourlives.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。针对美国教育系统的问题，作者认为要提高写作水平可以阅读各种类型的读物，如小说、诗歌、演讲等，以促使自己用不同的方式思考词汇。高中阅读不应该只提倡非小说类纪实作品，学校的工作更应强调教会学生沟通。9.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents’assignment?A.Proud. B.Satisfied.C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.答案C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Iwasnotworriedabout...readingmaterial.”可知，当自己的专栏作品被用于学生的作业时，作者对此很担心。]10.WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?A.Stressnonfiction.B.Readmorefiction.C.Teachmarketanalysis.D.Encouragewriting.答案A[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thenewcurriculum...emphasisonnonfiction”可知，新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品。而DavidColeman作为新课程标准的其中一个首席创造者，他应该也强调非小说类纪实作品。]11.WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech?A.Tocreatewords. B.Tobetterhiswriting.C.Totellastory. D.Tofollowtheformat.答案B[细节理解题。根据尾段中的“ButwhenIwant...aGeorgeW.Bush’sspeech”可知，为了提高写作水平，使自己能用不同的方式思考词汇，作者阅读小说、诗歌并听乔治·布什的演讲。]12.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theshiftofteachingtechniques.B.ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.C.Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.D.TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.答案D[文章大意题。通读全文可知，本文首句“Iwasnotworried...mycolumnasreadingmaterial”是文章主题句。结合下文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者对美国教育系统问题的担心和质疑。新课程标准使高中英语阅读清单转向强调非小说类纪实作品，但作者认为学校不应该仅仅教会学生工作，更应该教会学生沟通。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2023·锦州高三期末统考)GoingtoZhangjiajieremindspeopleofthemountainsinAvatar.Forthosewholovenature,ZhangjiajieNationalParkis1.____________musttovisit.ItisnowaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,onethathasseentourismboom,stimulatingeconomic2.____________(grow),andprovidingalotofjob3.____________(opportunity)forthelocals.Overtheyears,therockcavesandkarst(喀斯特)formations4.____________(lead)peopletocallita“fairyland”.Theparkhasthickforests,deepcanyons,unusualpeaks,caves,andpillar－like(像柱子似的)rockformationsblanketedthroughoutthepark.Thesepillar－likerockformationsare5.____________theparkisfamousforaroundtheworld.Oneofthefastestandmost6.____________(effort)waystoexperiencetheareaisbyridinguptheworld’stallestoutdoorelevator.The326－meter－tallglassBailongElevator7.____________(build)ontothesideofacliffatthestartofthiscenturyandoffersamazingviewsofthepark.ZhangjiajieNationalParkisalsohome8.____________manyendangeredspeciesofanimalsandplants,andtheChinesegovernmenthastakenconservationefforts9.____________(preserve)thelandscape,whichwill10.____________(undoubted)helpbalancetheecosystembetterformorepeopletoenjoytheout－of－this－worldscenery.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产：张家界国家公园。1.a[考查冠词。句意：对于热爱大自然的人来说，张家界国家公园是一个必游之地。该空后must作名词意为“必做之事，必备之物”，可数名词，此处主语及谓语动词都使用了单数形式，且该空表泛指，must的发音以辅音音素开头，应填不定冠词a。]2.growth[考查词性转换。句意：它现在是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产，一个见证了旅游业繁荣，刺激经济增长，并为当地人提供了大量就业机会的地方。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作宾语，前面有形容词修饰。所给词grow为动词，其名词形式growth符合题意。]3.opportunities[考查名词的数。句意同上题。该空需要一个名词作宾语，所给词opportunity为可数名词，根据前面alotof可知，应使用复数形式。故填opportunities。]4.haveled[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，岩洞和喀斯特地貌已使得人们称它为“仙境”。所给动词lead在句中作谓语，根据时间状语Overtheyears可知，应使用现在完成时态，主语为复数名词，故填haveled。]5.what[考查名词性从句。句意：这些柱状的岩层是公园闻名世界的原因。分析句子，该空需要一个连接词引导表语从句，并指代事物在从句中作宾语，应使用what。]6.effortless[考查词性转换。句意：体验该地区最快、最轻松的方式之一就是乘坐世界上最高的户外电梯。该空需要一个形容词与fastest并列作定语；根据句意，乘坐户外电梯应该是最快捷又最不费力气的方式。所给词effort为名词，形容词effortless符合题意。]7.wasbuilt[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：百龙电梯高326米，建于本世纪初的悬崖边，在这里可以看到公园的美景。所给动词build在句中作谓语，主语glassBailongElevator应是被建造，应使用被动语态；电梯已在使用，建造时间应该是过去，应使用一般过去时态，谓语动词用单数形式。故填wasbuilt。]8.to[考查介词。句意：张家界国家公园也是许多濒危动植物物种的家园，中国政府已经采取了保护措施来保护景观，这无疑将有助于更好地平衡生态系统，让更多的人享受到这个世间罕有的风景。固定短语behometo意为“拥有，是……的原产地/故乡/所在地”符合句意。]9.topreserve[考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。该空所给动词preserve在句中作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式。故填topreserve。]10.undoubtedly[考查词性转换。句意同第8题。分析句子，该空需要一个副词修饰动词help，所给词undoubted为形容词，其副词拼写为undoubtedly。]A篇Para.1：expressionn.表达Para.2：naturaladj.自然的；天赋的successfuladj.获得成功的B篇Para.3：humanityn.人类；人性exploitationn.开采C篇Para.1：columnn.(报刊的)专栏，栏目；(书、报纸印刷页上的)栏assignv.分配(某物)；分派，布置(工作、任务等)regularlyadv.经常；有规律地commentaryn.评论；评论性文章(或书籍)；实况报道Para.2：dramaticallyadv.剧烈地，明显地；戏剧性地，夸张地emphasisn.重点B篇译文：每一种都富含制造电动汽车、风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板所需的一些最重要的元素，我们需要这些元素来取代排放碳的发动机、发电厂和工厂，它们正在破坏我们的气候。C篇译文：直到我开始写专栏之后，我才开始担心美国的教育体系，因为那时我发现有英语老师把我的专栏布置为阅读材料。强化练(二)隐含推断题与观点态度题解题提示：1.隐含推断题：要求准确定位原文信息，理解关键词句的言外之意。2.观点态度题：画出文中体现作者或者所叙述人物感情色彩和态度的语句，并且要熟悉常见选项的含义。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·湖南六校联考)DeepakChopraisanAmericanauthorwhowasborninIndiain1946.Heisawell－knownandrespectedadvocateofalternativeapproachestomedicine.Hehaswrittensome80booksandproducedseveralvideosthatpromotehisphilosophyoflife.Afteracareerinconventionalmedicine,hebecameinfluencedbyMaharishiMaheshYogiandadoptedanapproachtomedicinebasedonspiritualityandconsciousness.Essentially,heviewsthehumanbodyasawholeunit,andbytreatingthewhole,apersoncanachieve“perfecthealth”.Hedescribesthisstateasbeingfreefrompain,disease,andtheagingprocess.ForChopra,thementalstateofapersonaffectseveryotherpartofhisbody,includinghisspirit.Fromthis,allaspectsofaperson’slifeareinfluenced，includinghissociallife,workinglife,relationships,andeventheenvironmentaroundhim.PartofthetreatmentsthatChopraencouragesismeditation(冥想)，whichaimstocalmthementalstateofthepatient.Healsobelievesthatthepowerofthemindcanbeusedtocorrectimbalancesinthebody.Hesuggeststhatseriousillnessescanbecuredorpositivelyaffectedbythepowerofthemind.Chopra’sphilosophyoflifegoesbeyondjustmedicalmatters.Manyofhissayingscanbeappliedtoeverydaylifeandthepursuit(追求)ofhappiness.Hebelievesthattoachievehappiness—whichforhimistheultimatemeasureofsuccess—requirespositivechoicestobemade,andthatonlywhenweareintherightmentalstatecanwedothat.Forhim,partofthejourneytowardsultimatehappinessistheabilitytoreflectandmeditate.Inotherwords,weallshouldadoptaphilosophicalapproachtolifeandthusfreeourimaginations,creativity,andtheabilitytoactwithfreewill.Thepromotionofself－awarenessisalsoanaspectofChopra’sphilosophy.Self－awarenesscomesfromtheabilitytomakechoices,andtherearechoicestobemadethroughoutone’slife,andthosechoicesoftenrequirebothdynamicactionandmeditativerelaxation.Throughself－awareness,wecanknowthatwecanmakethosechoicesfromaninformedposition.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了DeepakChopra对实现幸福的看法和他的生活哲学。1.What’sChopra’sconceptof“perfecthealth”？A.Abodythatcanstanddailyactivities.B.Aperfectfunctionofaperson’smind.C.Agoodconditionofapartofthebody.D.Well－beingforthewholebodyandmind.答案D[隐含推断题。根据第二段中的“Essentially，heviews...apersoncanachieve‘perfecthealth’...theagingprocess”和第三段内容可知，Chopra认为“完美健康”指的是全身心的健康。A项“能忍受日常活动的身体”，B项“一个人大脑的完美功能”，C项“身体一部分的良好情况”，D项“全身心的健康”。]2.WhatcanweknowaboutChopra’sviewaboutthepowerofthemind?A.Itisoflittlehelptoourphysicalhealth.B.Ithasthesameeffectasdailyexercise.C.Itgreatlyinfluencesthecureofillnesses.D.Itmightleadtoimbalancesinthebody.答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Hesuggeststhatseriousillnessescanbecuredorpositivelyaffectedbythepowerofthemind”可知，Chopra认为精神的力量极大影响着疾病的治愈。]3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsuitChopra’sviewabouthappiness?A.Itisthebaseofone’ssuccessinhisfield.B.Onlyinpropermentalstatecanwegetit.C.Itcanbegainedthroughoureffortsinwealth.D.Itistheabilitytoforgetthepastandgiveup.答案B[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“andthatonlywhenweareintherightmentalstatecanwedothat”可知，只有精神状态良好，人才能得到幸福。]4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetoChopra’stheory?A.Objective. B.Supportive.C.Subjective. D.Oppositive.答案A[观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者在全文中讲述了Chopra对获得幸福的看法和他的生活哲学，并未对其理论发表看法，因此，作者对Chopra的理论持客观的态度。](2023·济南名校联考)Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.Peoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringthepandemicandhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast－spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasindevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16areintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitandtheirabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customersareoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderservedpopulations.Nationslackinginschools，hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AstheeconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolutionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets，buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了新兴经济发展艰难，但数字革命可以拯救新兴经济。5.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomiesfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.ItdevelopsmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasindevelopedones.”可知，数字革命在新兴经济体和发达经济体都发展良好。]6.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.D.Insocietieswitheasyaccesstodoctorsandbanks.答案B[隐含推断题。根据第三段中的“Incountrieswherepeople...establishingonlineservices.”可以推断，那些缺乏基础设施的国家更容易接受数字服务。]7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable. B.Hopeful.C.Depressing. D.Challenging.答案B[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“theeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun...tocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld”可以看出，作者对数字化的前景充满了希望，故B项正确。depressing“令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的；令人消沉的”。]8.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.答案A[文章大意题。文章第一段讲到了新兴经济的发展面临困难；第二段提出了对应方案——数字革命；第三段和第四段讲述数字技术的市场广泛、前景光明，故A项“数字技术拯救新兴经济。”最能概括本文主旨。](2023·湖北重点中学高三联考)Solarpanelsthatgrowspinach(菠菜)bypullinginsteamfromtheaircouldofferalow－coststrategytoproducecropsinthedesert,anewstudysays.Anewsystem,calledWEC2P,consistsofsolarpanelscoatedwithhydrogel(水凝胶)，researchersinSaudiArabiareport.Thehydrogel－linedsolarpanelsaremounted(安装)ontopofalargemetalboxthatturnswatervaporfromtheairintoliquidwaterforgrowingcrops.Overtwoweeksofhotweatherlastsummer,theresearcherswereabletogrowspinachwithacropsurvivalrateof95percent.Accordingtotheexperts,thetechnologyoffersa“low－coststrategy”toimprovefoodandwatersecurity.It’sdescribedas“lowcost”asthehydrogelsusematerialascheapas$1perkilogram,althoughthecombinedcostofbuildingandadoptingsuchasystemwouldbemuchmore.Aswellaspoweringthegrowthofcrops，harvestingsteamfromtheaircanalsoprovidecleandrinkingwater.“Ourgoalistocreateasystemofcleanenergy，water,andfoodproduction,especiallythewater－creationpartinourdesign，”saidWang.“Ourdesignmakeswateroutofairusingcleanenergythatwouldhavebeenwastedandissuitableforscattered,small－scalefarmsinremoteplaceslikedesertsandoceanicislands.”Commercialsolarpanelscanusuallytransformlessthanaquarterofabsorbedsunlightintoelectricity,whiletheremainderoftheradiationislostasheatorheatsupthepanels,whichinturnreducestheirefficiency.Onepotentialissuewiththesystemisitreliesonhighlevelsofhumidity(湿度)—whenthereisalotofsteaminthesurroundingair—andmaynotbequiteaseffectiveinverydryareas.“Theperformanceandfurthermorethecostofthesystemwillhavetobefurtherandsignificantlyimprovedbeforeitcanbemadeeconomicallyattractive，”saidWang.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。一种名为WEC2P的新系统由涂有水凝胶的太阳能电池板组成，可以通过从空气中吸收蒸汽来种植菠菜，为在沙漠中种植作物提供一种低成本的策略。9.Whichbestdescribestheresearchers’spinachplantinglastsummer?A.Costly. B.Demanding.C.Profitable. D.Unattractive.答案C[隐含推断题。根据第一段的第一句可知，这种太阳能电池板可以为在沙漠中种植作物提供一种低成本的策略；根据该段尾句可知，在去年夏天两周的炎热天气中，研究人员种植了菠菜，作物存活率达到95%。由此可推知，研究人员去年夏天的菠菜种植是有好处的。C项“有好处的”。]10.Whyisthetechnologydescribedas“lowcost”？A.Becauseit’seasytocollectsteamfromtheair.B.Becauseofthelowcostofbuildingthesystem.C.Becauseoftheextensiveapplicationofthesystem.D.Becausethematerialusedinhydrogelsisinexpensive.答案D[细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句可知，这种技术被认为低成本是因为用于水凝胶的材料很便宜。]11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetechnologyinparagraph4?A.Itmakesupfortheweaknessesofcommercialsolarpanels.B.Itwillbewidelyusedonlargefarmsinremotedesertareas.C.Mostofthesunlightabsorbedistransformedintoelectricity.D.Absorbedsunlightreducestheefficiencyofthesolarpanels.答案A[隐含推断题。根据第四段的第二句可知，商业太阳能电池板通常只能将吸收的不到四分之一的阳光转化为电能，而其余的辐射以热量的形式损失掉，或者加热电池板，这反过来又降低了它们的效率。结合第四段的第一句可知，第四段中提到的技术弥补了商业太阳能电池板的缺点。]12.HowmayWang’steamimprovetheperformanceofthesystemlater?A.Bystayingawayfromverydryareas.B.Byreducingdependenceonhumidity.C.Byincreasingresearchcosts.D.Byincreasingthelevelofhumidityintheair.答案B[隐含推断题。根据尾断的第一句可知，该系统的一个潜在问题是它依赖高湿度——当周围空气中有大量蒸汽时——在非常干燥的地区可能不太有效。据此可以推知，Wang的团队可能会通过减少对湿度的依赖来提高系统的性能。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·长沙高考适应性考试)OnedayChristopherColumbuswasatapartythataSpanishgentlemangaveinhishonor.Peopleweresaying，“Whatagreat__1__youhavemade！”However，severalpeoplepresentwereenviousofhim.TheybegantotrytomakeColumbus__2__.“Youhavediscoverednew__3__beyondtheseas，”theysaid，“butwhatofthat?Anybodycan__4__acrosstheoceanandanybodycancoastalongtheislandsontheotherside.Itisthe__5__thingintheworld.Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That’snota(n)__6__feat(功绩).”Columbusmadeno__7__，butafterawhilehetookaneggfromadishandsaidtothecompany，“Whoamongyou,gentlemen,canmakethisegg__8__onend？”“That’simpossible，”thehostreplied.“Youwouldneedtobea__9__todothat.”Onebyone,thoseatthetable__10__theexperiment.__11__，noneofthemsucceeded.Afterashortsilence,Columbustooktheeggandstruckitssmallend__12__uponthetablesoasto__13__theshell(壳)alittle.Afterthat,therewasno__14__inmakingitstandupright.“Gent