培优练（十三）2025高考英语大二轮考前培优练C、D篇强化组合练

培优练（十三）2025高考英语大二轮考前培优练C、D篇强化组合练eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十三）32分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·泉州高三质检)Scientistssaytheplantenset,anEthiopianstaple(主食)，couldbeanewsuperfoodandalifesaverinthefaceofclimatechange.“Thisisacropthatcanplayareallyimportantroleinaddressingfoodsecurityandsustainabledevelopment，”saidauniversityprofessorinAwasa,Ethiopia.Theenset,orthe“falsebanana”，isacloserelativeofthebananabutisconsumedonlyinonepartofEthiopia.Thebanana－likefruitoftheplantisinedible(不宜食用的),butthestemsandrootscanbeprocessedtomakeporridgeandbread.However,Ethiopiaisisolated(隔离)bydrylowlands,whichareunsuitablefortheensettogrow.Andtheproceduresforensetraisingandpreparingrequirespecialknowledge.Therefore,despiteitswildrelativesdistributingacrossAfrica,theensetisonlyusedasacropinEthiopiaandhasneverbeenwidelyadoptedelsewhere.Usingagriculturalsurveysandmodellingwork，scientistsfoundthecropcouldpotentiallyfeedmorethan100millionpeopleandboostfoodsecurityinEthiopiaandotherAfricancountries.ThestudyresearcherDrJamesBorrelloftheRoyalBotanicGardensKew,saidplantingtheensetasanalternativecropfortoughtimescouldhelpsupportfoodsecurity.“It’sgotsomereallyunusualcharacteristicsthatmakeitabsolutelyuniqueasacrop，”hesaid.Reachingtenmeterstall,asfewas15ensetplantscanfeedapersonforayear.Also,ithasflexibleharvesttimes,isstoredwell,andisrelativelydroughtanddiseasetolerant.Allthesefeatureshaveearneditthename“thetreeagainsthunger”.Thereisgrowinginterestinseekingnewplantstofeedtheworld.Nearlyhalfofallthecaloriesweeatcomefromthreespecies—rice,wheat,andcorn.“Weneedtodiversifytheplantsweusegloballyasastaplebecausealloureggsareinaverysmallbasketatthemoment，”saidDrBorrell.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了只能生长在埃塞俄比亚的一种植物，这种超级食物可以在解决食物安全和可持续发展方面发挥真正重要的作用。28.Whatcanweknowabouttheenset?A.ItiswidelyconsumedinEthiopia.B.Itsstemsandrootscanserveasastaple.C.Itismainlygrownindrylowlands.D.Itdistributesthroughouttheworld.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thebanana－likefruit...makeporridgeandbread.”可知，这种香蕉模样的植物的果实无法食用，但其根茎可以被加工成粥和面包，即它们可以被食用。]29.Whataffectsthewideadoptionoftheenset?A.Lackofrelatedknowledge.B.Poorqualityoffarmland.C.Lowproductivity.D.Strictstorageconditions.答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andtheproceduresforensetraisingandpreparingrequirespecialknowledge...widelyadoptedelsewhere.”可知，这种植物培育和准备的过程需要专业知识，从而导致尽管它的野生近亲分布在非洲各地，但它只在埃塞俄比亚被用作作物。由此可知缺乏相关的专业知识影响了它的广泛采用。]30.Whichaspectoftheensetistalkedaboutinparagraph5?A.Itsadvantages. B.Itsedibility.C.Itsvariety. D.Itsdistribution.答案A[段落大意题。第五段介绍了这种植物的高度带来的好处、灵活的收获时间、易储存并相对耐旱和抗病等，再结合该段前两句可知，此段主要讲述了这种植物的优点。]31.WhatdoesDrBorrellmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Peoplearefedupwithexistingstaples.B.Aworldofbiodiversityisneeded.C.Cropvarietiesshouldbeincreased.D.Foodsecurityhasbeenaddressed.答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Borrell博士的话“Weneedtodiversifytheplants...atthemoment”可知，Borrell博士认为我们需要使我们在全球范围内用作主食的植物多样化，故选项C正确。文中的diversify与选项C中的varieties相呼应。](2023·南京六校联考)Televisionshowsandmoviesoftenfeaturepeoplewipingtheirfingerprintsoffsurfacesliketabletops，steeringwheels,anddoorknobstoavoidbeingidentifiedbythepolice.However,iswipingasurfaceenoughtoensurethatfingerprintscan’tbeidentified?Itisprovedthatevenifyourfingertipsarenotsoiledbybloodordirt,theywillstillleavebehindchemicalimprintsonthingsyoutouchbecausethesebaceousglands(皮脂腺)underourskinproducesweatandoil.Thisphraseisknownasthe“exchangeprinciple”andformsoneofthebasicprinciplesofforensic(法医的)science,whichwaspopularizedbyEdmundLocard,oneofthepioneersinthefieldofforensics,whoshowedthateverytimetwoobjectscameincontactwitheachother,therewasanexchangeofmaterialbetweenthem.CrimeSceneInvestigators(CSIs)lookforthreedifferenttypesoffingerprints：patent,plasticandlatent.Thehuntforliftinglatentfingerprintsisthemostchallenging.Sincetheseareinvisibleorbarelyvisible，CSIsmustusechemistrytoenhancesuchprints,ifanyexists.CSIsusetheirtrustybrushandfingerprintpowderstovisualizeprintsfrombothsmoothandtexturedsurfaces.Scientistshavedevelopedamethodthatcanvisualizeprintsfromeventhefaintestfingerprintsleftafterthemetalofaguniswipedoff.Thistechniqueusesacolored－electroactivefilmthatusesinvisiblefingerprintstoblocktheelectriccurrent.Besides,scientistscannowidentifywhohandledthebulletbeforeitwasfiredbyvisualizingcorrosion(腐蚀)onit.Therehavebeenmanyextraordinaryadvancesinforensictechnology,sounfortunately,thedaysofwipingdownweaponstoremovefingerprintswillsoonbeamythfromapastera.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。在办案过程中，犯罪现场调查员往往通过寻找明显纹、成型纹或潜伏纹锁定犯罪线索，其中寻找潜伏纹最具挑战性，但通过潜伏纹锁定犯罪嫌疑人这项技术取得了很大突破。32.What’sthecommonmisunderstandingoffingerprints?A.Fingerprintsareuniqueandstaywithusallourlife.B.Wipingasurfacecan’tguaranteefingerprintscanberemoved.C.Thedaysofwipingdownweaponstoremovefingerprintsaregone.D.Ifpeoplewipetheirfingerprintsoffsurfaces,theycan’tbeidentified.答案D[细节理解题。根据文章第一段的内容可知，在电视剧和电影里人们常常把自己的指纹从桌面、方向盘和门把手等表面擦掉，以避免被警察识别出来。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，这种做法是人们的一种误解，即人们错误地认为如果擦去物体表面上的指纹，指纹将无法被识别。]33.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Togiveexamples.B.Togiveevidence.C.Topresentthetopic.D.Tomakecomparisons.答案C[写作意图题。第一段主要讲在电视剧和电影里人们常常把自己的指纹从桌面、方向盘和门把手等表面擦掉，以避免被警察识别出来；第二段提出了一个问题：擦干净表面真的足以确保指纹不被识别吗？紧接着第三段阐述了“交换原则”，告诉人们即便你的指尖没沾染血或污垢，它们仍然会在你触碰过的东西上留下化学印记。第三段回答了第二段的问题，因此第二段是过渡段，起到了承上启下的作用，旨在引出下文，说明指纹被擦掉不能避免被识别。]34.Accordingtoparagraph3，“exchangeprinciple”worksby________.A.givingandreceivingmaterialB.identifyingtypesoffingerprintsC.dependingondifferentsurfacesD.leavingfingerprintswithdirtyfingertips答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话中的“everytimetwoobjectscameincontactwitheachother，therewasanexchangeofmaterialbetweenthem”可知，每当两个物体相互接触时，它们之间就会发生物质交换。]35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Invisiblefingerprints.B.Threetypesoffingerprints.C.The“exchangeprinciple”.D.Advancesintakingfingerprints.答案D[文章大意题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要介绍了犯罪现场调查员通过潜伏纹锁定犯罪嫌疑人的技术有了很大进步。]Ⅱ.七选五(2023·南京六校联考)Planningafamilytrip?Lettheprofessionalshandleit.Intheever－evolvingworldoftravel,usingatravelprofessionaltodecodeyourfamilyvacationoptionscanreallypayoff.Hereareseveralthingstobearinmind：Isittraveltime?Beforethepandemic,planningavacationtooktime,knowledge,patienceandperseverance.Whilethepaceofchangehasslowed，keepingtrackofthegloballandscapecanstillbeincredible.__1__Heorsheuseshisorherexperienceandskillstomakeeventhemostcomplicatedtravelscheduleareality.Knowhowitworks.__2__Somegetpaidbytravelsupplierssuchasahotelorrestaurant.Otherschargeconsultingfeessometimesdeterminedbythenumberofpeopletravelingandthecomplexityofthetrip.Still，othersrelyonacombinationofboth.Familiesalsobenefitfromtopagents’accesstoupgradesandvalue－addedoptions.Shouldyourtriptakeanunwelcometurn，agoodagentwillhaveyourbacktohelpwithcanceledflights，healthchallengesortheneedforalast－minuteshiftinthetravelschedule.__3__IfyouareeagertovisitaDisneyresort,understandtheevolvingnatureofthecruiseworld,visitaskiresortorexploreaspecificcity,regionorcountry,usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus.__4__They’llknowhowtobookthebestcabins，sortthroughthemealandactivityoptionsandprovideinsightintohoweachmemberofthefamilymightmakethemostofthesailing.Spendyourtimewell.Whetheryou’retravelingwiththekidsorwiththeextendedfamilyforamilestonebirthdayorananniversarycelebration,younodoubthopetoreturnwithtreasuredmemoriesratherthantalesofatripgoingwrong.__5__Withmorefamilieslearningandworkingfromhome,agoodagentcanhelpzeroinondestinationsandlodgingoptionsthatcanmaximizeyourcurrentlifestyle.A.Chooseaspecialist.B.Chooseadestination.C.Thisiswhereatravelagentcancomeintoplay.D.Travelagentscanprovideyouwitharewardingholiday.E.Travelagentsearnmoneybyofferingtheirserviceinvariousways.F.Travelagentsbenefitalotfromtheirplanningthetravelrouteforyou.G.Thoseprofessionalscanselectthebrandthatbestmatchesyourtravelexpectations.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。从是否为旅游的最佳时间、旅行社的运作流程以及选择一个有专长的旅行代理商等方面针对家庭旅行提出了几点建议。1.C[根据空前的“keepingtrackofthegloballandscapecanstillbeincredible”和空后的“Heorsheuses...scheduleareality”可知，空处内容应承上启下，讲述旅行代理商在旅行当中所起的作用。C项“这正是旅行代理商发挥作用的地方”符合语境。下文的Heorshe指代选项C中的atravelagent。]2.E[根据本段小标题“Knowhowitworks.”和空后的“Somegetpaid...Otherscharge...othersrelyonacombinationofboth.”可知，有些人的报酬来自旅馆或餐厅等旅游供应商，其他人通过收取咨询费获取报酬，还有一些人的报酬来源是这两者的结合。E项“旅行代理商通过各种方式提供他们的服务来赚钱。”符合语境。]3.A[根据空处所在位置可知，空处应为本段小标题；再结合本段内容尤其是“usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus”可知，本段旨在建议选择一个有专长的旅行代理商。A项“选择一个专家。”符合语境。]4.G[根据空前的“usinganagentwiththatspecialtycangiveyouabonus”可知，找一个有这方面专长的旅行代理商会给你带来额外的好处；再结合空后的“They’llknowhowtobookthebest...mostofthesailing.”可知，空处内容应是专业人士会带来什么样的好处的具体阐述，故G项正确。空后的They指代G项中的“Thoseprofessionals”。]5.D[根据空前内容可知，无论是和孩子们一起旅行，还是和大家庭一起庆祝里程碑式的生日或周年纪念，你都希望带着珍贵的回忆回来，由此可推知，D项“旅行代理商可以为你提供一个值得的假期。”符合语境。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·潍坊高三测试)Whenitcomestoancientcivilizations,mostpeoplethinkoftheGreeksandRomans.It’sunderstandableasboth1.____________(shape)modernsocietyinsomewaysofar,whetheritbetheirsocial,cultural,orpoliticalinfluences.However,dozensofcivilizationshadbeenaroundlong2.____________theGreeksandRomans,thelesser－knownJiahupeople3.____________(include).TheJiahusettlementislocatedinthecentralplainofancientChina,4.____________areaknowntodayastheHenanProvince.Thepeoplecreatedthecountry’soldestrecognizedcivilization.Theareaisrichinartifacts,5.____________(make)itanarchaeologist’sdream.Apartfromtheusualfinds,peoplehaveuncoveredrecordsoftheearliestexamplesofChinesewritingandproof6.____________theywereproducersoftheworld’soldestwine.Otherremarkablediscoveriesweretheoldestworkingboneflutes(长笛).7.____________(typical)carvedfromthewingboneofacrane,theyweremostlikelyusedinspecialceremonies.Roughweavingtoolsandboneneedlesalso8.____________(unearth)fromthesite,indicatingthatJiahuresidentsmayhavepossessedbasicweavingandsewingskillsfor8，500years.Thesettlement’sendcamearound5，800BCwhenthenearbyriversoverflowedandfloodedthearea.ItisassumedthattheJiahupeoplelefttheirhome9.____________(settle)elsewhere,eventhoughthereisnoindicationasto10.____________thatmighthavebeen.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了鲜为人知的贾湖文化，位于河南省的贾湖地区文物丰富，是考古学家梦寐以求的地方。不仅如此，人们还在该地区发现了最早的中国文字的记录和贾湖人是世界上最古老的葡萄酒生产者的证据。1.haveshaped[考查时态和主谓一致。该句中的sofar表示“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用；又根据主语为both可知，谓语动词应用复数形式，故填haveshaped。]2.before[考查介词。根据语境可知，此处指早在希腊人和罗马人之前，就有几十种文明存在了，故填before。]3.included[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该处为非谓语；又因为Jiahupeople与include之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词included。]4.an[考查冠词。句中area为可数名词，在句中作thecentralplainofancientChina的同位语，指今天的河南省的一个地区，此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词；又因为area的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]5.making[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该空以及后面的itanarchaeologist’sdream在句中作结果状语，故填现在分词making表示自然而然的结果。]6.that[考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中空处以及后面的部分为同位语从句，解释说明proof的具体内容；又因为该空在从句中不作成分且没有意义，故填that。]7.Typically[考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语，故填Typically。]8.wereunearthed[考查时态语态和主谓一致。结合上下文可知，“挖掘”这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时；句子的主语和unearth之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为复数形式，故填wereunearthed。]9.tosettle[考查非谓语动词。贾湖人离开家是为了到别处定居，此处在句中作目的状语，故填不定式tosettle。]10.where[考查名词性从句。句中asto为介词词组，意为“关于”，该空引导宾语从句；根据语境“即使没有迹象表明那有可能是个什么地方”可知，应填where。]C篇Para.1：inthefaceof即使面对(问题、困难等)playanimportantrolein...在……方面起重要作用address常用义：n.地址文章义：v.设法解决；处理；对付Para.2：consumev.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)processv.加工Para.5：alternativeadj.可供替代的D篇Para.1：feature常用义：n.特点，特征文章义：v.由……主演wipev.擦干净；抹掉identifyv.识别；认出；找到；发现Para.3：soil常用义：n.土壤文章义：v.弄脏popularizev.推广；宣传；使普及Para.4：enhancev.增强；提高；增进visualizev.使形象化texturedadj.起纹理的；质地不平的D篇译文：事实证明，即使你的指尖没有沾染血或污垢，它们也会在你接触的东西上留下化学印记，因为我们皮肤下的皮脂腺会分泌汗液和油脂。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十五）32分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·湖北重点中学高三联考)AnunlikelyscandalaffectedtheBritishgovernmentgreatly.Afterthegovernmentwasforcedtocancelthe“A－level”examsthathelpdetermineuniversityadmission,theBritisheducationregulatorusedanalgorithm(算法)topredictwhatscoreeachstudentwouldhavereceivedontheirexam.Thealgorithmreliedinpartonhowtheschool’sstudentshadhistoricallyfaredontheexam.Schoolswithricherchildrentendedtohavebettertrackrecords,sothealgorithmgavewealthystudents—eventhoseontrackforthesamegradesaspoorstudents—muchhigherpredictedscores.High－achieving,low－incomepupilswhoseschoolshadnotpreviouslyperformedwellwerehitparticularlyhard.Afterthreatsoflegalactionandwidespreaddemonstrations,thegovernmentbackeddownandcanceledthealgorithmicgradingprocessentirely.Thiswasn’tanisolatedincident：IntheUnitedStatessimilarissuestroubledtheInternationalBaccalaureateexam,whichusedanopaque(不透明的)artificialintelligencesystemtosetstudents’scores,promptingprotestsfromthousandsofstudentsandparents.Theseepisodeshighlightsomeofthetrapsofalgorithmicdecision－making.Astechnologyadvances,companies,governments,andotherorganizationsareincreasinglyrelyingonalgorithmstopredictimportantsocialoutcomes,usingthemtodistributejobs,forecastcrime,andeventrytopreventchildabuse.Thesetechnologiespromisetoincreaseefficiency,enablemoretargetedpolicyintervention,andremovehumanimperfectionsfromdecision－makingprocesses.Butcriticsworrythatopaquemachinelearningsystemswillinfactreflectandfurtherkeepshortcomingsinhoworganizationstypicallyfunction—includingbyestablishingtheracial,class,andgenderprejudicesofthesocietiesthatdevelopthesesystems.Butthereisanevenmorebasicconcernaboutalgorithmicdecision－making.Evenintheabsenceofsystematicclassorracialprejudice,whatifalgorithmsstruggletomakeevenremotelyaccuratepredictionsaboutthetrackofindividuals’lives?【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种被用来预测学生在考试中可能获得的分数的算法。尽管该算法在社会很多方面正被运用着，但是该算法对学生并不公平，所以人们反对它在教育上的应用。28.WhydidtheauthormentionA－levelexamsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexposeascandal.B.Topresentanexample.C.Tointroducethetopic.D.Toarousepublicconcern.答案C[写作意图题。根据文章第一段中的“Afterthegovernment...ontheirexam.”可知，在政府被迫取消帮助决定大学录取的A级考试后，英国教育监管机构使用一种算法来预测每个学生在考试中会获得的分数，再结合下文内容可推知，作者在第一段中提到A级考试是为了引出话题。]29.Whoareprobablyinfavorofthealgorithmicgradingsystem?A.Averagestudentsfromtopschools.B.StraightAstudentsfromtopschools.C.Averagestudentsfrombetter－offfamilies.D.StraightAstudentswithdisadvantagedbackgrounds.答案A[推理判断题。通读第二段可知，该算法在一定程度上取决于该校学生以往的考试成绩。有富裕孩子的学校往往有更好的成绩记录，所以算法给富裕学生——即使是那些与贫困学生成绩相同的学生——更高的预测分数。所在的学校在之前表现不佳的成绩优异、低收入学生受到的打击尤其严重。据此可推知，顶尖学校的普通学生可能会支持算法评分系统。]30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thealgorithmicgradingsystemresultedinlegalaction.B.Algorithmicdecision－makingisnotnecessarilyreliable.C.Algorithmicdecision－makingdevelopssystematicprejudices.D.TheBritishgovernmentapprovesofthealgorithmicgradingsystem.答案B[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Butcriticsworry...developthesesystems”可知，批评者担心，这种算法的运作方式存在缺点。由此可推知，算法决策不一定是可靠的。]31.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisamajorconcernregardingalgorithmicdecision－making?A.Potentialsystematicclassandracialprejudice.B.Increasingdependenceonitspredictedoutcomes.C.Potentialfeaturestokeeptrackofanindividual’slife.D.Furtherapplicationtoforetellanindividuals’fortune.答案D[细节理解题。通读尾段可知，对于算法决策还有一个更主要的问题：即使没有阶级或种族偏见，如果算法很难对个人的生活轨迹做出哪怕是微乎其微的准确预测呢？据此可知，预测个人命运的进一步应用是算法决策的一个主要问题。](2023·广东六校联考)Dreams，accordingtoCarlJung，revealacertainamountofrealityhiddenduringwakingconsciousness.InJungianphilosophy，theconflictandchaosexperiencedindreamsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smysticaltheoriesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofreportsshowthatacontinuouslackofdreamingisdamagingourwakinghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新陈代谢的)systems,letalonetheelectronicproductsthatkeepusuplateatnightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong－termconsequencesforourmemorysystem.OnestudyshowedthatnotallowingmicetohaveadequateamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,themicecouldn’tstrengthenmemories.Youmightthinkthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleepincycles(周期),eachlastingabout90minutes；inasleepcycle,wegothroughnon－REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepperiodsincreaseinlengthwhiledeepsleep(oneofthestagesofnon－REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhyweareoftendreamingwhenwakingupinthemorning.Ifwesleeplessthansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleepinganddreamingactsasanemotionalstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotionalhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’renotgettingenoughsleeptocyclethroughthestagestotakeadvantageofthisnaturalcircadiananti－depressant(抗抑郁药)—dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedicinestogettosleep,whichonlymakesthingsworsebecauseevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti－depressantspromotedeepsleepattheexpenseofREM.We’repayingforthislackofdreaminginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestandnon－REMsleep,REMpromotedtheformationofassociativenetworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.VolunteersthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwerebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsrequiringcreativesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScientist,writesthatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunctionofREMsleepandthatweshouldlookatsleeppatternsasseriouslyaswelookatdietandexercisehabits.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了做梦和睡眠之间的关系，以及做梦的缺乏给我们带来的损害。32.What’sCarlJung’sviewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydamageimmunity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Theymirrorreality.答案D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Dreams，accordingto...duringwakingconsciousness.”可知，CarlJung认为梦揭示了在清醒意识中一些被隐藏的现实，即梦会反映现实。]33.Whyisthesleepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.ToshowadreammainlyoccursduringREMsleep.B.Toprovetheminimumsleeptimeshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeopleoftendreamwhenwakingupinthemorning.答案C[写作意图题。根据第三段内容可推知，我们是否做梦，与睡眠时长及睡眠过程中的快速眼动是有直接关系的，所以第三段对睡眠过程进行解释，是为了证明做梦问题和睡眠问题是有关联的。]34.Whatconclusioncanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfightdepression.C.ThebrainstillreceivesnewinformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon－REMsleep.答案A[推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Volunteersthatexperienced...requiringcreativesolutions.”可知，经历了更多快速眼动睡眠的志愿者更善于解决需要创造性解决方案的问题。由此可推知，做梦让人更具有创造力。]35.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatternsaremoreimportantthanwerealize.D.Dreaminghasmysticalpowerofstrengtheningmemories.答案B[文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段阐述了做梦的重要性，做梦的缺乏会给我们带来损害；第二段介绍了做梦的缺乏会对我们的免疫系统、新陈代谢和记忆造成损害；第四段说睡眠和做梦结合起来可以起到稳定情绪的作用；第五段说我们正以许多方式为缺乏做梦付出代价。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了做梦的缺乏对于我们来说是可怕的。]Ⅱ.七选五(2023·杭州高三联合测试)MyheartwentouttothedramateacherIreadaboutinarecentnewsitem.EachparentfromherclassinsistedthatshecasttheirownchildasSnowWhite.Thisremindedmeofmyseventhgrademusical—“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”.IdesperatelywantedtoplaytheroleofBecky,thefemaleleadwhowasTom’sgirlfriend.__1__Forstarters,Beckyhadtosingnumeroussolos，andIcouldn’tcarryatune.Ialsodidn’thavelongblondecurlslikeprettyLindaWrightwhowonthepart.Iwasassignedthenon－singingroleofMissWatson，themaid.Ihadtowearanuglydress.AndIhadonlyonelinetolearn，“That’swhatIsay.”__2__MissWatsonwasonstageinquiteafewscenes,andgottorepeat“That’swhatIsay”throughouttheplay.Atlast,ourproductionwasputonstage.ImaginemysurprisewhenMissWatsonmadetheaudiencelaughoutloudeachtimeIpipedupwith“That’swhatIsay”.Ihadn’tknownthatshe—orI—couldbefunny,orthathercharacterwasimportantinmovingtheplotalong.__3__Thatnight,Ibegantounderstandthatbeingthestarmaynotbeanymorefunthanbeingastandoutinasupportingrole.Eachperson,onstageandbackstage,isessentialintheater.Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart,theplaywouldbedullasdishwater.__4__Ifeveryoneisastarthennothinggetsdone.It’sallnoiseandchaos.AndsoIbelieveallchildrenshouldgettheopportunitytoplayMissWatson,tobecomesomeonetheydidn’tknowtheywantedtobe.__5__A.Soitisinlife.B.Itwasnottobe.C.Itwasanythingbutagreatpart.D.MyMissWatsonturnedouttobeahit.E.Ittooktheentirecasttomakeagoodshow.F.Therewasanadvantage,inmyopinion,though.G.Iwouldhopeallchildrencouldbeahitinlife.【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者小时候在一次戏剧表演中扮演了一个小角色，并取得成功的经历。作者认为所有的孩子都应该有机会扮演小角色，并希望每个孩子都能在生活中取得成功。1.B[空前一句讲到了作者很想出演Becky这个角色，但结合下文中的“Icouldn’tcarryatune...whowonthepart”可知，作者并没有如愿，故B项符合语境。]2.F[空前一句讲到了“Ihadonlyonelinetolearn”，而空后则讲到MissWatson这个角色需要在整个剧的很多场景中重复这句台词，这无疑是好的方面，因此F项“然而，在我看来，有一个优势。”符合语境。]3.D[结合空前的“MissWatsonmadetheaudience...‘That’swhatIsay’”可知，作者饰演的MissWatson在那次表演中很受欢迎。故D项“我演的MissWatson很受欢迎。”符合语境。]4.A[根据空前的“Withouteveryonedoingtheirpart，theplaywouldbedullasdishwater.”可知，空前讲到了舞台上每个演员都很重要，空后一句讲到了“Ifeveryoneisastarthennothinggetsdone.”。由此可知，空前空后将舞台表演和生活实际结合在了一起，A项“生活中亦是如此。”承上启下，符合语境。]5.G[结合全文内容可知，最后一段总结上文，空前一句讲到“我相信所有的孩子都应该有机会扮演MissWatson，成为一个他们不知道自己想成为的人。”，空处应该会紧扣文章主题“小角色也能大放异彩”来表达作者的期待，故G项“我希望每个孩子都能在生活中获得成功。”符合语境。且G项中的“allchildren”对应上句中的“allchildren”。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·南京六校联考)Legendhas1.____________thattofuwasdiscoveredbyahealth－consciousChineseprincenamedLiuAnmorethan2，000yearsagowhenhewasmakinganelixir(灵丹妙药).Herealizedthatsoymilkleftincertainconditionscoagulated(凝固)anddevelopedapudding－likesubstanceandthatwasthebeginningoftofu.It’s2.____________(universal)believedthatmonksvisitingChinabroughttofutoneighbouringcountrieslikeJapan.3.____________EastAsiahasbeeneatingtofuformorethan1，000years,ittookalotlongerforittocatchonglobally.BenjaminFranklin,oneoftheUnitedState’sfoundingfathers,wrotealetter4.____________somesoybeansattachedwhilehewasinLondon,praisingitasa“Chinesecheese”in1770.Theletterwasoneoftheearliestdocumentsonrecord5.____________mentionedtofuintheWest.LiShizeng，6.____________enthusiastoftofu,isoftencreditedwithmakingtofuamorewidelyacceptedfoodoutsideofAsia.It’ssaidthathewasthefirstsentbytheChinesegovernmenttoattendaFrenchmilitaryschool.Heendedup7.____________(study)attheagriculturalschoolinMontargisandwas8.____________(passion)aboutpromotingtofuinFrance.Nowadays,tofu9.____________(serve)inamodernway.Inmanyfinediningrestaurants,thetastingmenuisdesignedarounditstextures.Thedishesandingredientschangeaccordingtotheseasons.Forexample,inoneoftherestaurants,thecurrentmenustartswiththetexture“silken”，10.____________(represent)bytofu.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，讲述了豆腐起源于中国，然后又传到日本等东亚国家，豆腐在全球流行起来却花了较长一段时间，现在豆腐以一种现代的方式被世人所食用。1.it[考查代词。Legendhasitthat...是固定句型，意为“据传说……”，故填it。]2.universally[考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词。故填universally。]3.While/Although/Though[考查状语从句。根据句意可知，此处表示尽管东亚人吃豆腐已有一千多年，但它在全球流行起来却花了更长的时间，故填While/Although/Though引导让步状语从句。]4.with[考查介词。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，此处考查with复合结构，表示Franklin在伦敦时写了一封信，信上附着一些黄豆。故填with。]5.that[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且因为先行词中含有形容词最高级，故空处只能填关系代词that。]6.an[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处表泛指，又因enthusiast的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]7.studying[考查非谓语动词。endupdoing为固定搭配，意为“以……而告终”，此处指他最终在Montargis的农业学校学习。]8.passionate[考查词性转换。根据句意可知，此处表示他热衷于在法国推销豆腐，故填passionate。]9.isserved[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Nowadays并结合句意可知，此处陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；句子的主语tofu与serve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；因为主语tofu为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填isserved。]10.represented[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，represent与thetexture“silken”之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词represented。]C篇Para.1：admissionn.准许加入，加入权Para.2：historicallyadv.关于历史事件；在过去，在历史上previouslyadv.先前地demonstrationn.游行示威；演示；证明tendto往往backdown放弃；认输Para.3：highlightv.突出；强调advancev.发展；进步abusen.虐待；滥用Para.4：prejudicen.偏见；成见intheabsenceof不存在；缺乏D篇Para.1：consciousnessn.知觉；意识conflictn.冲突；争执；争论debatableadj.可争辩的；有争议的Para.2：consequencen.结果；后果adequateadj.足够的；合格的；合乎需要的Para.3：inseparableadj.(与某事物)不可分离的，分不开的D篇译文：这种趋势正在对我们的免疫系统和新陈代谢系统造成损害，更不用说让我们熬夜的电子产品了，它们正在破坏我们的睡眠模式，这对我们的记忆系统有长期的影响。二、C、D篇强化组合练从最近几年的高考来看，阅读理解C、D篇一般为说明文或者议论文，难度较大，是阅读理解的“压轴题”，更是制约高考高分的瓶颈，因此阅读要得高分，必须从突破C、D篇入手，强化训练，定向突破，努力提高正答率和做题速度。eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（十一）32分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·济南名校联考)ThewatersoffthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStatesaresomeofthefastestwarmingintheworld.NewresearchpublishedinGlobalChangeBiologyshowsthatthisregion’stigersharksaremakingswiftandsignificantchangestotheirrangetocopewithandtakeadvantageoftheextremewarming.NeilHammerschlag,asharkresearcherattheUniversityofMiamiandhiscolleaguescaptured47tigersharksoffsoutheastFlorida,southwestFloridaandthenorthernBahamasandoutfittedthemwithsatellitetrackingdevicestomonitorthesharks’movementsfrom2010to2019.Theteamcombinedthesenew,detailedtrackingdatawiththetimesandlocationsof8，764tigersharksthatwerecaughtandtaggedbyscientistsandfishersbetween1980and2018.Thestudyfoundthatthenorthernedgesofthetigershark’spreferredwatertemperaturerangehaveshiftedabout186milespolewardinthecoldseasonandabout248milespolewardinthewarmseasonoverthelast40years.Meanwhile,theirnorthernedgesshiftabout186milesnorthinthecoldseasonand270milesnorthinthewarmseasoncomparedtothe1980s.Hammerschlagisn’tsurewhattheecologicalresultofalargesharkpressingfarthernorthastheseasheatupwillbe,butoffthecoastofCaliforniagreatwhitesharksareofferinganexampleoftheunpredictablenewinteractionsthatcanoccur.SalvadorJorgensen,asharkresearcherwh