初高中英语衔接句子种类（按照使用目的和交际功能划分）课件

句子种类（按使用目的和交际功能分）授课人：希希CONTENTS句子种类01习题练习0201句子种类（按使用目的和交际功能分）一、陈述句陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。1.肯定陈述句结构:主语+谓语+其他。Thatboyoftenhelpsothers.Iwenttothecinemayesterday.Iliketalkingwithotherpeople.Singingseemseasyforme.2.否定陈述句（1）当谓语动词含有be动词、助动词或其他情态动词时，否定形式是在这些动词之后加not。Ican’tsingwell.Thesweaterisn’tmadeofwool.Shecan’tbeathome,becauseIsawherboardingyesterday.2.否定陈述句（2）谓语部分是实义动词或含有情态动词have/has/hadto时，否定形式在这些动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。Theboydoesn’tdohouseworkathome.Idon’tliketalkingwithotherpeople.Wedidn’thaveagoodholiday.2.否定陈述句（3）当have（有）、need（需要）、dare（敢于）作实义动词时候，通常在前面加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t构成否定句。Idon’thavedinner.Thebikedidn’tneedtoberepaired.Jimdoesn'tdare（to）gointothehauntedhouse.2.否定陈述句（4）否定词用no表示,no=notany/a。Hehasnosister.=Hedoesn’thaveanysisters.never绝不,从来不。Ihaveneverseensuchaman.little,few几乎没有。Therearefewstudentsintheclassroom.Thereislittlebreadinthekitchen.noone/nobody

没有人。Noone/Nobodyisinterestedinthebook.nothing什么也没有。Thereisnothingwrongwithyou.neitherof两者都不；noneof没有一个(用于三者或三者以上)。NeitherofthemhaseverbeentoBeijing.seldom

很少,hardly

几乎不。Icanhardlysayaword.Sheseldomlistenedtome.too……to

太……而不能……。Hewastoolatetocatchthebus.not...atall一点儿也不......。Hedidn'tcareabouttheresultatall.not…any

more=nomore不再，再没有。Ican’tbelieveyouanymore.=Icannomorebelieveyou.not…any

longer=nolonger不再，再没有。I’mnotachildanylonger.=I’m

nolongerachild.复习缩略形式：Iamheissheistheyareyouarethereistherearecannot=I’m=he’s=she’s=they’re=you’re=there’s=there’re=can’tdonotdoesnotisnotarenotletuswillnotIwillwasnot=don’t=doesn’t=isn’t=aren’t=let’s=won’t=I’ll=wasn’t将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句：1.WegotoschoolonSunday.Wedon’tgotoschoolonSunday.2.We’llgototheparkthisafternoon.Wewon’tgototheparkthisafternoon.3.IamwatchingTVnow.IamnotwatchingTVnow.4.Jack’sfather

is

a

teacher.Jack’sfatherisn’tateacher.将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句：5.Thedogrunsfast.Thedogdoesn’trunfast.6.Thebabycanspeak.Thebabycan’tspeak.7.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.Thereisn’tanywaterinthebottle.8.Hermotherworkshard.Hermotherdoesn’twork

hard.

将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句：9.Theylikereadingbooks.Theydon’tlikereadingbooks.10.Wehadlessonsthismorning.Wedidn’thavelessonsthismorning.11.Ihaveadoll.Idon’thaveadoll.12.Itisafish.Itisn’tafish.将下面肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句：13.TheyspeakEnglish.Theydon’tspeakEnglish.14.Shecancleanthebedroom.Shecan’tcleanthebedroom.15.Ihavesomemoneyinmypocket.Idon’thaveanymoneyinmypocket.形肯意否：more...than...“与其说…倒不如说”“是…而不是”Heismoreknavethanfool.与其说他蠢，不如说他坏。ratherthan”是…而不是”Theeffectissoftandprettyratherthandrop-deadsexy.给人的印象是柔和俏丽而不是吸人眼球的性感。wouldrather…than…“宁愿…也不”Hewouldrathershoothimselfthancompromisehisprinciples.他宁愿一枪打死自己也不愿违背自己的原则。形肯意否：otherthan“不同于”Sheisquiteotherthanwhatpeopledescribed.她这个人完全不像你所说的那样。nothingless/elsethan/nothingshortof“完全是，简直是”Itwasnothinglessthanamiracle.那完全是个奇迹。​nolessthan“简直是”Itisnolessthanblackmailtoasksuchahighprice.要价这么高简直是抢劫。形否意肯：nothingbut“只”“仅仅”。Hedreamsofnothingbutgoinghome.

他只想回家。not…until…“直到……才……”。Hedidn’tcomeuntilyesterday.

直到昨天他才来。cannotbetoo“再.....也不为过”Youcan’tbetoocareful.

你越仔细越好。can’thelpdoing“情不自禁做某事”Hecouldn’thelpcryingwhenheheardthenews.

他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了。否定转移：当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示“认为”“相信”“猜想”“期望”“想象”等意思时，且后面接宾语从句，如果从句中的谓语动词为否定形式，习惯上要把否定词从从句转移到主句中。Idon'tthinkheisright.（我认为他不对。）否定转移：当seem,appear等系动词后面接表语从句，且从句中含有否定意义时，也可能出现否定转移。Itdoesn'tseemthatheishappy.（这似乎是他不开心。）否定转移：not…because/by形式上否定的是主句部分，意义上否定的却是because之后的内容，译为“并不是/并非因为…”。Wedidn’tdenythepersonmerelybecausehewasnotqualified.我们并非因为这个人不够条件才拒绝他的。Hewasn’tarrestedbylackofnecessaryinformation.他并不是因为缺乏必要的信息而被捕的。双重否定：（1）“否定词+否定意义的词/短语”-常见的否定词有“not”“no”“never”“nothing”“none”“neither”等。-否定意义的词或短语有“without”“hardly...when”“scarcely...when”“rarely”“few”“little”等。Ican'tdonothing.我得做点什么。（2）“否定词+否定前/后缀的词”否定前缀有“un-”“in-”“dis-”“non-”等，否定后缀有“-less”等。Heisnotunkind.他很善良。二、疑问句1.一般疑问句一般疑问句是询问某人、某物或某事是否属实的问句，可以分为肯定的一般疑问句和否定的一般疑问句。（1）以系动词be开头：am,is,are（一般时）was，were（过去时）句子结构：Be+主语+其他？Isheinthelivingroom?（2）以情态动词开头：can，may，must，will（将来时），would句子结构：情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他？Canyougototheparkalone?（3）以普通助动词开头：Do，Does，（一般时）Did（过去时），have（现在完成时），had（过去完成时）句子结构：普通助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？Doeshewanttogowithus?一般情况下，开头用什么提问就用什么回答。肯定:Yes，主语+提问词.否定:No，主语+提问词+not.人看性别，男的用he,女的用she；非人单数/不可数名词用it；复数都用they。回答由must引导的疑问句的提问①肯定回答：Yes,…must.―MustIgohomenow?―Yes,youmust.②否定回答：No，…needn't./No，…don't/doesn'thaveto.―MustIgohomenow?―No,youneed’t./don’thaveto.回答由may提问的句子。①肯定：Ofcourse./Sure./Certainly.-MayIborrowyourMP3?-Sure.②否定：No,...mustn’t.-MayIborrowyourMP3?-No,youmustn’t.填空：1）Is

sheateacher?Yes,she____.

No,she_____.2）_____thegirls

often

swim

?Yes,____do.

No,_____don’t.3）____yourdadlikelisteningtomusic?Yes,____does.

No,____doesn’t.isisn’tDotheytheyDoeshehe4）_____youwashhiscaryesterday?Yes,____did

.

No,____didn’t.5）Can

yourunfast?

Yes,I______.

No,I______.6）_____sheateacher?

Yes,she_____.

No,she_____.7）______youplayingballnow?Yes,I______.

No,I

______.Didyouyoucancan’tIsisisn’tAreamamnot8）______apigjump?Yes,it

can.

No,it_____.9）______fivebirdsflyinginthesky?Yes,they_____.No,____aren’t.10）_____yourfatherreadinginthelivingroom?Yes,____is.No,he_____.Cancan’tArearetheyIsheisn’t将下列句子改成一般疑问句并回答。1.Itisalovelydog.2.Shewillgohometomorrow.

3.Heismyfather.4.TheyareLily’scousins.5.Wewere

classmates.6.Iamadoctor.7Thereisabirdinthetree.8.Therearemanystarsinthesky.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由疑问词引导，不能用yes或no回答。（1）如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，疑问词（＋主语）＋谓语动词＋其他成分.-Whoissingingintheroom？-Whosebikeisbroken？（２）如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，疑问词＋一般疑问句语序？-Whichclassareyouin？-Whatdoesshelooklike？常见疑问词：疑问代词：what，who，which，whose，whom疑问副词：when，where，why，how疑问形容词：what（which，whose）+名词what什么whowhomwhosewhichwhenwherewhyhow谁谁的哪一个什么时候什么地点为什么如何howoldhowoftenhowlonghowfarhowmanyhowmuch多远多久多久一次多大年龄数量多少（后接不可数名词）；多少钱数量多少（后接可数名词）CanyoumatchthespecialquestionwordswiththeirChinesemeaning?Noproblem.一、用“what,why,which,when,how"填空。1.--________isLiMingdoing?

--Heisreadingabook.2.--________didyougotoShanghai?--Byplane.3.--________doyoulikewinter?

--BecauseIcanski.4.--________seasondoyoulikebest?--Fall.5.--________didyoucometoCanada?--At7:00.WhatHowWhyWhichWhen二、单项选择。1．－_____isyourdictionary?－10Yuan.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.What

D.Whose2．－_______subjectsdoyouhave?－Seven.A.HowlongB.Howmany

C.HowmuchD.Howfar3．－_______doyoulikebest?

－Ilikemathbest.A.Whichsubject

B.Whatfood

C.Whatcolor

D．WhichsportABA4.－________doyoulikescience?－________it’sinteresting.A.Why;So

B.What;BecauseC.Why;BecauseD.How;Because5.When_______thegirl________herhomework?A.does;does

B.does;doC.do;does

D.do;do6.—Doeshewanttogotoamovie?—_______.A.Yes,hedoes

B.No,hedoes

C.Yes,hedoesn’t

D.Yes,sheisCBA7.－_______kindofmoviesdoyoulike?－Ilikecomediesverymuch.A.What’s

B.How

C.What

D.Why8.－______arethesebananas?－Fivedollars.A.Whatcolor

B.HowaboutC.HowmuchD.Howmany9.－Canweplayfootballinthestreet?－No,you_____.It’sdangerous.A.canB.mustn’tC.may

D.maynotCCB10.－_____doesheplayfootball?－Intheafternoon.A.When

B.Where

C.HowD.What11.—_____isyourfather?Doeshestillworkasanengineer?—Yes,hehasbeenanengineerforthirtyyears.A.Who

B.How

C.What

D.Which12.—_____doesyourfathergotothefitnesscenter?—Heexercisestheretwiceaweek.A.Howsoon

B.Howoften

C.HowlongACB13.—_________willtheinvitationsbesenttoourguests?—Inthreedays.A.Howoften

B.Howsoon

C.Howlong

D.Howfar14.—_____isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycentre?—Lessthan30minutesbyunderground.A.Howsoon

B.Howoften

C.Howlong

D.Howfar15.—________isMary?—Thegirlwithshorthair.A.Which

B.What

C.Where

D.WhyBDA3.选择疑问句选择疑问句是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式。前一部分是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，后面加上并列连词or(或者)提供给对方另一个条件，让对方根据实际情况进行选择回答。

(1)句型：一般疑问句+or+另一选择对象？-Areyouateacherorastudent?

=Areyouateacheror(areyou)astudent？-I'mastudent.(2)句型：特殊疑问句,A,BorC?-Whichisbigger，BeijingorNewYork？-Beijing.-Whichisthebiggest,theearth,thesunorthemoon?-Thesun.翻译下面句子。1.我们怎么去,乘火车还是飞机?Howshallwego,bytrainorbyplane?2.你想要牛奶还是茶?Wouldyoulikemilkortea?3.你想要鸡肉还是牛肉？Wouldyoulikechickenorbeef?4.咖啡，水还是果汁你最喜欢哪个?Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee,waterorjuice?4.反意疑问句反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后对所陈述的事实观点提问的短句。Itisagloriousday,isn’tit?Youhaven'tseenmygreenjacket,haveyou?Youdon'tneedajacket,doyou?Note:前肯后否，前否后肯，前后人称一致牛刀小试-完成句子Jackisgoingcampingwithhisfriendsthisweekend,________?Aren’tyougoingtotheconferencethen,________?Writingwassoexcruciatingthatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingofthe

Titanic

asanoralreport—aone-actplay,whereIplayedalltheparts,

?Beijingisalsoaplacewhichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodern

life,

?isn’theareyouwasn’titisn’tit三、祈使句祈使句用来表达请求、命令、建议、禁止、劝告、警告等。有肯定和否定两大类。（1）肯定祈使句Do型：Cometothepartytonight!Turnleftatthefirstcrossing!Be型：Becareful.Let型：Lethimstudyalone!牛刀小试判断下面句子是否祈使句（TorF）Knockthedoorbeforeentering,please.Workinghard,youwillbesuccessful.Gostraightonandyouwillseethechurch.Theresultshowedviruswaspresentedpropertiesofthecoronavirus.Let’skeeptothepointorwewillneverreachanyconclusion.6.Dotellmethetruth.TFTFTT（2）否定祈使句Do型：Don’tcometothepartytomorrow!Don’tturnrightatthefirstcrossing!Be型：Don’tbecareless.Let型：Lethimnotstudywithothers!四、感叹句感叹句：用来表示赞美，惊叹，喜悦等感情的句子。通常以what和how开头，句末为感叹号。What引导：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)!What+形容词+可数名词复数+(主语+谓语)!What+形容词+不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!Whataninterestingstoryitis!Whatgoodweatheritis!修饰名词How引导：How+形容词/副词+(主语+谓语)!How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+(主语+谓语)!Howtimeflies!Howbeautifulabutterflyitis!Howwellheplaysthepiano!修饰形容词或副词第一步：找主语

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主名形第二步：看词性

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主名形第三步：引导词

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主WhatHow解题步骤从后往前找主语主语前是名词，用What主语前是形容词，用HowWhatWhatanHowHowan-China’sstarskaterWuDajingwonthegoldinthemen’s500metersinPyeongChangWinterOlympicGames.-____excitingnewsitis!Let’sgivehimthethumbs-up.1.答案：A解析：根据符号判断该题考点是感叹句！找到主语it,往前看一个词，是不可数名词news.固选A.____wonderfulTheReaderis!ManypeopleenjoytheTVprogram.WhatHowa2.HowWhata答案：C简析：《朗读者》是多么精彩啊！从后面往前找到主语Thereader,再看前一个词为形容词，固选C。-IwatchedtheliveNBAgamelastnight.Howaboutyou?-OfcourseIdid.____Amazinggameitwas!WhatanHowan3.WhatHow答案：C简析：昨晚我看现场直播的NBA比赛了，你呢？我当然也看了，多么令人惊异的一场比赛啊！考查What开头的句子。主语it,前一个为可数名词单数，用因amazing以元音音素开头，故选A。whatfunHowfun.WhatafunHowafun-Wow!TheywerecelebratingtheWaterFestival.-____theDaipeoplewerehaving!4.答案：A简析：句子主语为theDaipeople.前一个单词为不可数名词fun，选A.WhataWhatHowaHowJimmysavedanoldladyoutoftheYangtzeRiver.____greatcourageheshowed!5.答案：B简析：Jimmy从扬子江里救了一个老妇人。他表现出了多大的勇气啊!本题考查感叹句。感叹句的构成:What+(a/an+)adj.+可数/不可数名词+主+谓!How+adj./adv.+主+谓!courage为不可数名词,意为“勇气”,故选B项选词填空(what/how)_____beautifulthegirlis!_____abeautifulgirlsheis!_____beautifulthegirlsare!_____beautifulgirlstheyare!HowWhatHowWhat选词填空(what/how)_____finetheweatheris!_____fineweatheritis!_____fastheruns!_____afastcaritis!HowWhatHowWhat改写句子（将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词）1.Theweatherisfine. itis!2.Thestoriesareveryboring. storiesare!3.Thebuildingissotall. tallbuildingitis!WhatfineHowboringWhataweather改写句子（将下列句子改为感叹句，每空一词）4.Tomisrunningveryfast. Tomisrunning!5.Theboyisverylazy. theboyis!

6.Heissuchacleverboy. boyheis!HowfastHowlazyWhataclever六、therebe句型（1）基本句型：Therebe+主语+其他Therearemanywaystosolvetheproblems.（2）疑问句：be放在there前。Istherealakeinthenaturepark?（3）thereseems/appears/happenstobe+主语Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththeinstrument.（4）There

(be)ateacherandtwostudentsintheteachers’office.is就近原则02习题练习1.-Arethoseyourbooks?-Yes,

.A.itis

B.theseare

C.theyare

D.that

is2.-Isthegirlinredyourfriend?SheislearningChinesenow.

-

.A.Yes,itis.B.Yes,heis.

C.Yes,sheis.D.Yes,shedoes.

3.-

yourbrother

usually

basketballatschool?-No,hedoesn't