2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题34　自然灾害与防范(教师版)

主题群二自然与灾害话题34自然灾害与防范Ⅰ.阅读理解ScienceandTechnologyCamp·Full－daycampforstudentsaged12－14·Four－weekprogramJuly5－30|Monday—Friday,9amto4pmWeek1|July5－9Week2|July12－16Week3|July19－23Week4|July26－30·RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.·Fees:$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeatthetimeofregistration.·ThedeadlineforthecancellationtoreceiveafullrefundisJune15,2024.CampStructureCampdaysarecomprisedofeightsessionswithtwosessionsperdaywhilethefinaldayoftheweekisreservedforoverviewsandreflection.Themorningsessionsbeginat9amandendat12noon,followedbyonehourforlunch.(Campersshouldbringtheirlunches.)Afternoonsessionsarescheduledfrom1pmto4pmwith15－minutebreaksmidwaythrougheachsession.Snacksareprovidedatbreaktime.(Foodallergiesshouldbereportedatthetimeofregistration.)CampContentScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhileteachingstudentsabouthowwebsitesaredesignedusingvariouscodinglanguages,rocketdesign,practicalapplicationsofmathandphysics,andhowtobuildyourownhydraulicsystem.CampPersonnelThecampisheadedbythehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanicalengineering.Ourmissionistomakesureeveryonefeelsfullysupportedandexcitedtobehere.【语篇解读】本文是应用文，是一则科技夏令营广告。1.WhatisthelowestcostofattendingtheScienceandTechnologycamp?A.$75. B.$795.C.$1，590. D.$1，665.答案D[数字计算题。根据文中的“RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.Fees：$75registrationfee.$795perweek”可知，参加夏令营最少要两周，所以最低的费用为75＋795×2＝1665(美元)。]2.WhatisthemainemphasisofScienceandTechnologycamp?A.Rocketscience. B.Funinlearning.C.Codinglanguages. D.Hands－onexperiences.答案B[细节理解题。根据“CampContent”部分中的“ScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainment...andhowtobuildyourownhydraulicsystem”可知，该夏令营强调寓教于乐。]3.Whoarethecampleaders?A.Mechanicalengineers. B.Medicaldoctors.C.Amarriedcouple. D.Computertechnicians.答案C[细节理解题。根据“CampPersonnel”部分中的“Thecampisheadedbythehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClark”可知，这个夏令营是由一对夫妇负责的，故C项正确。head在此作动词，意为“领导，主管”。](2024·四川成都七中模拟预测)Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamilyorcompanions’duties.Forsomepeople，thepurposeliesinasoul’sspiritualawakening.BrentClayton，afirefighterbyprofession，isonesuchindividualwhofoundhispurposeearlyinlifeandkeptworkingtofulfillit.BornonMarch3，1984，Claytonhugelyfelttheneedtoserveothers.HefollowedhismissioninlifeandacquiredhisdiplomainPublicSafety.Hegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceofsecuringpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhismission.Claytonfurtherpursuedhisbachelor’sdegreefromTheUniversityofMelbourneandmaster’sdegreefromFederationUniversity.Then，Claytonworkedinthemilitaryforaperiodbeforemovingintoarolewiththeprisonserviceasaprisonguard，theyoungestpersontoeverbeemployedbytheserviceatthetime.Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，hegainedenoughexperiencetobecomeAustralia’smostprominentfireservicerecruitmentexpert.Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.Hewantedpeopletorealizethetruevalueofthisprofessionbyestablishingitssignificance.Tocommunicatehisperspective，ClaytonestablishedFireRecruitmentAustraliain2009.Heaimedtotrainthenextgenerationandpreparethemforthefuture.Claytonusedhisexperienceandyears－longtrainingtopreparecandidateswhowereasenthusiasticaboutthewell－beingoftheworldashim.Keepingthepointinmind，ClaytonwrotethebookFireServiceRecruitment—theProcesstoSuccess.Hisideawastojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemediumsoothersdidn’thavetowasteyearswonderingwhattodowhenapplyingtobecomeafirefighter.Afterthesuccessofthebook，Claytonintroducedcandidatestoacomprehensivetestpreparationandlearningsuitetofacilitate(促进)successthroughouteachstageoftheselectionprocess.Thisplatformhelpedhimaswellashiscandidatestoworktogetherforthebettermentofthemselvesandultimatelysocietyatlarge.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识到人们安全的重要性，花了多年时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他的目标是培养下一代，为未来做好准备。4.WhatmadeClayton’sbeliefstronger?A.Themilitaryexperience.B.Thesupportofhisfamily.C.Thesignificanceofpeople’ssafety.D.Theknowledgehelearnedfromcollege.答案C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceofsecuringpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhismission.”可知，是人们安全的重要性让克莱顿的信念更加坚定。]5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“prominent”inparagraph3?A.Stubborn. B.Fearless.C.Outstanding. D.Energetic.答案C[词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，”以及后文“Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.”可推知，克莱顿在消防员招聘过程和消防服务行业投入了多年时间，所以经过10年的消防培训和招聘工作，他积累了足够的经验，成为澳大利亚最杰出的消防招聘专家。故可猜测画线单词prominent为“杰出的”意思，与outstanding“杰出的”意思一致。]6.WhydidClaytonsetupFireRecruitmentAustralia?A.Becausehecouldearnagoodreputation.B.Becausehewantedtojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemedium.C.Becausehewantedtorealizehisdreamofbeingafirefighterleader.D.Becausehehopedtogetyoungpeoplereadyfortheirfuturecareer.答案D[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tocommunicatehisperspective...andpreparethemforthefuture.”可知，克莱顿成立澳大利亚消防招聘公司是因为他希望年轻人为未来的职业生涯做好准备。]7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AManwithGreatPurpose B.ABookforCareerSuccessC.AnOrganizationforWell－being D.AStandardforFirefighters答案A[标题归纳题。根据第一段“Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamily...whofoundhispurposeearlyinlifeandkeptworkingtofulfillit.”并结合文章主要讲述了职业消防员布伦特·克莱顿认识到人们安全的重要性，花了多年时间投入消防员招募过程和消防服务行业，他的目标是培养下一代，为未来做好准备，故可知A选项“一个有伟大目标的人”最符合文章标题。](2024·山东青岛统考三模)By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.That’s2.5billionmorepeoplethantoday.InEurope，threeoutoffourofusalreadyliveinurbanareas，andtheconsequencesofthatarebecomingclear.Researchersestimatethatninemillionpeopledieeveryyearasadirectresultofairpollution.Asourcitiesgrowandmorepeoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces，whatdoweneedtodototransformoururbanareasintohealthyplacestolive?Anincreasingbodyofresearchtellsusthatweshouldbelettingnaturebackin.Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreduceaphenomenonknownastheurbanheatislandeffect，whichreferstoheattrappedinbuilt－upareas.Theeffectappearsintownsandcitieswheretheheatgeneratedbypeople，transportandindustryistrappedinthenarrowroadsandconcretestructures，unabletoescapetotheatmosphere.Thiscanbringthetemperatureinurbanareasup3－4℃higherthanthesurroundingcountryside，andwiththatcomesaseverecycle.Increasedtemperaturesinsummerleadtoanincreaseddemandforcooling.Thisexpandsourenergyconsumption，whichinturnbuildupfossilfuelconsumption，increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.Planningcitiestoincludegreenspaceswhereverpossibleisthefirststepinmakingoururbanareashealthier.Forexample，addingalayerofvegetationtorooftopsandcreatinggreenroofshasproventoreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.Treesinourstreetsalsoplaytheirpart，andavarietyoftreespeciescanhaveaprofoundeffect.Simplyhavingaccesstogreenspacesincitiescandowondersforourstresslevelsandconcentrationatwork.“Peopleneedtointeractwithnaturewhenevertheopportunityarises.Somethingassimpleasafive－to－ten－minutebreakduringtheworkdaycanimprovewell－beingandboostproductivity，”Cecil，anexpertstudyingnatureincitiessays.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。8.HowdoestheauthorbringinthetopicinParagraph1?A.Bypresentingfacts. B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bycomparingnumbers. D.Byquestioninganestimate.答案A[写作手法题。根据第一段中“By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.That’s2.5billionmorepeoplethantoday...asadirectresultofairpollution.”可知，作者先呈现了城市人口大幅增长，直接死于空气污染的人数量巨大的事实，然后引入了文章的话题。由此可知，作者通过展现事实的方式引入话题。]9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”meaninParagraph2?A.Overcome. B.Change.C.Ease. D.Shift.答案C[词义猜测题。根据第一段中“...totransformoururbanareasintohealthyplacestolive？...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”和第二段第一句“Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreduceaphenomenon...inbuilt－upareas.”可知，在城市中让自然回归有助于改善城市的健康，因此城市中的绿地应该可以缓解污染和城市热岛效应。由此可知，mitigate意为“缓解，减轻”，与ease意思一致。]10.Whatmightbeaconsequenceoftheurbanheatislandeffect?A.Lowertemperature. B.Energyregeneration.C.Fuelshortage. D.Airpollution.答案D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thisexpandsourenergyconsumption...increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.”可知，城市热岛效应会形成恶性循环，加重城市的空气污染。]11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoLetNatureBackInB.WhyWeNeedGreenSpacesinCitiesC.HeatEffect：AnUnavoidableUrbanTroubleD.GreenRoofs：TinyUrbanForests答案B[标题归纳题。通读全文特别是第一段的“Asourcitiesgrowandmorepeoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”可知，文章介绍了随着城市人口的急剧增加，城市的空气污染问题日益严重，因此有必要在城市中让自然回归，以改善城市的健康水平。同时，让自然回归可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。因此，文章主要介绍的是在城市中引入自然的好处，B项“我们为什么需要城市绿地”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。]Ⅱ.七选五(2024·河北1月质检)Weusuallydivideayearintofourseasons.However，inTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)theory，therearefiveseasons—spring，summer，latesummer，fall，andwinter.Eachofthefivehasmanyfeatureswhichguideustochangeourhabitstokeepthebalancebetweenourbodyandtheexternalenvironment.WinterinTCMTheancientChinesebelievedthatwinteristheYinseasoninnature.1So，winteristhetimeofyeartoreflectonhealth，savestrengthandregainenergy，preparingourselvesforthestartofnewlifeinthespring.ActivitiesinwinterInTCMtheory，winterisaseasontofeedourselvesbothspirituallyandphysically.2Forexample，wecandomorewriting，readingandothersoul－nourishing(滋养灵魂的)activities.Althoughenergeticexerciseshouldbeavoided，it’simportanttokeepourbodyhealthywithgentleexercise，especiallyoutdooractivities，inwhichwecangetfreshairandsunlight.Inaddition，weshouldalsogotobedearliertosavemoreenergy.3FoodsforwinterTheprincipleofharmonybetweenwhatweeatandtheseasonisbasedonhundredsofyearsofexperienceinTCM.Itsuggeststhatweembracelocally－grownandseasonablefoods，whichisthewaynatureintendsustoeat.4Mostofthemnaturallygrowinthisseason—pumpkins，potatoes，rootvegetables，wintergreens，carrots，cabbage，mushrooms，andpears.Besides，hotsoup，wholegrainsandroastednutsalsooffernourishmenttofeedthebodyincoldwintermonths.Butalwaysremember，moderationinallthingsisimporta