2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题7　品行及公民义务(教师版)

主题群二做人与做事

话题7优秀品行及公民义务

Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟第三次联考)

InspiredbyhismentorLouisSullivan，aninfluentialfigureintheworldof

modernistarchitecture，FrankLloydWrightcoinedtheterm“organicarchitecture”

around1908.

Ratherthanimitatingnatureororganicelementswithinthenaturalworld，organic

architectureismoreconcernedwithre－interpretationofnatureandharmonybetween

theorganicandthebuiltenvironment.Itensuresthattheindividualelementswithin

buildingsareputtogethertoreflecttheorderwithinnature.Hereare4ofthemost

strikingexamples.

CasaMilà

Location：Barcelona，Spain

Yearofcompletion：1910

Architect：AntoniGaudi

ConsideredthegreatestexponentofCatalanModernism，AntoniGaudiwas

devotedtonatureandtheCatholicreligion.Whileheoriginallyintendedthisorganic

buildingtohaveareligiouspurpose，itisnowanapartmentbuilding.Truetothe

organicstyle，itfeaturestheshapeofhoneycombthatseeminglyemergesfromthe

earth.

LearningHubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)

Location：Singapore

Yearofcompletion：2015

Architect：ThomasHeatherwick

Earningthenicknames“dimsumbasketbuilding”and“theHive”，theLearning

Hubconsistsof12eight－storeytowersarrangedaroundapublicatrium.Theorganic

natureofthebuildingextendstoitsinteriorwithfeatureslikegardensthatareintended

toencouragesocialinteractionsandstudyamongstudents.

FallingWater

Location：MillRun，Pennsylvania

Yearofcompletion：1939

Architect：FrankLloydWright

Aclassicofmodernismandorganicarchitecture，FallingWatersitsontopofa

waterfall.FrankLloydWrightdesigneditfortheKaufmannfamilywho—thoughthey

hadoriginallyhopedforaviewofthewaterfall—cametolovethehome.

EastBeachCafé

Location：Littlehampton，UK

Yearofcompletion：2007

Architect：ThomasHeatherwick

Locatedinaseasideareawithanindustrialhistory，EastBeachCaféresembles

(像)apieceofdriftwood.Fortymeterslong，sevenmeterswideandfivemetershigh，

itinitiallypolarisedlocals，buthassincebeenwell－receivedbythewhole

community.ItwasthefirstbuildingforThomasHeatherwickwhopreviouslywas

betterknownasasculptor.

【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四座著名的有机建筑的情况。

1.Whichbuildinghasthelongesthistory?

A.CasaMilà.B.LearningHubatNTU.

C.FallingWater.D.EastBeachCafé.

答案A[细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，CasaMilà完成于1910年；Learning

HubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)完成于2015年；FallingWater完

成于1939年；EastBeachCafé完成于2007年。故CasaMilà的历史最悠久。]

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutEastBeachCafé？

A.Itremainsfloatingonthesea.

B.Itservestoencouragesocialinteractions.

C.Itwasnotacceptedbyallthelocalsinitially.

D.Itwasoriginallyintendedforaparticularfamily.

答案C[细节理解题。根据EastBeachCafé部分中“Fortymeterslong，seven

meterswide...bythewholecommunity.”可知，它最初让当地人两极分化，但后来

受到了整个社区的欢迎，故可知起初并不是所有的当地人都接受EastBeach

Café。]

3.Whichofthefollowingmagazinesisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.NaturalWorld.B.ArchitecturalDigest.

C.OrganicGardening.D.ExtraordinaryFigures.

答案B[文章出处题。根据第二段内容并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了

有机建筑，关注有机环境与建筑环境中人与自然的和谐，并列举了四座著名的建

筑来说明，可推知“建筑文摘”可能是本文的来源。]

(2024·湖南常德市一中模拟预测)

“Isawitfirst，”Amysaid，assherippedtheoldleatherwalletoutofCharlie’s

hands.Withoutsayingaword，asiftheybothunderstoodthatthiswasasecretthey

didn’twanttosharewithanyone，theyslippedintothealley，wherenoonecouldsee

themlookinside.

“There’sgottobeamilliondollarshere！”Charlieblurtedout，whentheysaw

thepileofhundred－dollarbills.Amy，themorerealisticofthetwo，didaquick

estimate，thumbingthroughthewadofcash.“Morelikethousands，”shesaid，her

voiceshakingindisbelief.

They’dfoundthewalletinaflowerbedbythesidewalk，whenCharliedroppedhis

cellphonewhilehewastryingtotalkandeatasliceofpepperonipizzaatthesame

time.AmystuffedthewalletintoherbackpackandpulledCharliealongbyhiselbow

towardherhouse.AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue，theytalkedexcitedlyabout

whattheycoulddowiththemoney—buygiftsforparentsandfriends，getnewclothes，

traveltotherainforestinCostaRica，andadoptawhale.Itlookedlikealloftheir

dreamswouldcometrue.Forthelastblock，however，theydidn’ttalk.Eachbeganto

suspectthattheotheronewassilentlyaddingtothelistofthingstheycouldbuy.

TheyfinallyreachedAmy’shouse，butinsteadofgoinginside，theywalked

aroundthehousetothebackporch.Theyopenedthewalletandcountedthemoneyinto

pilesoften.Thetotalwas$2，400—moremoneythaneitherofthemhadever

seen.Thentheybothstartedtalkingatonce，“Iwonderwholostit.”Theirmoods

shifted，sinkingfromthehighofbeingrichforfifteenminutestoresigningthemselves

towhattheymustdonext.Forinthewallet’sclearplasticcompartment，therewasa

driver’slicense.Theyknewwhattheyhadtodo.Althoughtheywouldlosetheirnewly

－foundtreasure，inaway，theyfeltrelieved.

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Amy和Charlie在花坛里发现了一个

有几千美元的钱包，两人把钱包拿走，畅想利用这笔钱做什么，后来两人还是决

定把钱包还给失主，让自己放下心理负担。

4.WheredidAmyandCharliefindthewallet?

A.Inanalley.B.Inabackpack.

C.Amongsomeflowers.D.Onthesidewalk.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中“They’dfoundthewalletinaflowerbedby

thesidewalk”可知，Amy和Charlie在一些花中间发现了这个钱包。]

5.InParagraph2，whywasAmy’svoiceshaking?

A.Shewasafraidthattheywouldbeseenbyothers.

B.Shewasdisappointedtherewasn’tamilliondollars.

C.ShewasfearfulthatCharliewouldtellsomeoneelse.

D.Shefeltnervousbecauseshe’dneverseensomuchmoney.

答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Morelikethousands，’shesaid，her

voiceshakingindisbelief.”可知，Amy不敢相信钱包里有这么多钱。由此推知，

从未见过这么多钱的她会感到紧张，声音颤抖。]

6.OntheirwaytoAmy’shouse，thechildren’smoodschangedfrom.

A.excitedtosuspiciousB.happytoangry

C.relievedtoworriedD.nervoustodisappointed

答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中“AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue，

theytalkedexcitedlyabout...andadoptawhale.”和“Forthelastblock，however，

theydidn’ttalk...thelistofthingstheycouldbuy.”可知，在回Amy家的路上，两人

先是非常兴奋，开心地想象利用这笔钱可以做什么，后来变得沉默，猜疑对方偷

偷地想买更多的东西，因此两个孩子的情绪是由兴奋变成怀疑。]

7.Whatdidthechildrendecidetodoattheendofthestory?

A.Tokeepthemoneyasecretfromothers.

B.Toreturnthewallettoitsrightfulowner.

C.Toputthewalletbackwheretheyfoundit.

D.Tobuymanydifferentthingswiththemoney.

答案B[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forinthewallet’sclearplastic

compartment...losetheirnewly－foundtreasure，inaway，theyfeltrelieved.”可推

知，Amy和Charlie打算放弃这笔财富，根据钱包里驾驶执照的信息将钱包返还

给失主，让自己放下心理负担。]

(2024·广东汕头金山中学三模)

Scrubbingyourhandswithsoapandwaterwashesawaygerms(细菌).Butthehot

－airhanddryersfoundinmanypublicrestroomsseemtospraymicrobes(微生

物)rightbackontocleanskin.That’swhat16－year－oldZitaNguyenfoundbytesting

people’sfreshlywashedanddriedhands.

SheshowcasedherfindingsthisweekattheRegeneronInternationalScienceand

EngineeringFair(ISEF).HeldinDallas，Texas，thiscompetitionisaprogramofthe

SocietyforScience.

Toiletsinpublicrestroomsseldomhavelids.Soflushingthemspraysthegerms

frombodywasteintotheair.Thatsameairisdrawnintothoseelectrichand

dryers.Thesemachinesprovideanicewarmhomeinwhichmicrobescangrow，Zita

says.Cleaningtheinsideofthesemachinescanbedifficult，sheadds.

Theteenhadfourpeoplewashanddrytheirhandsinrestroomsatamallanda

gasstation.Theparticipantsscrubbedwithsoapandwater.Aftereachwashing，they

driedtheirhandsusingoneofthreedifferentmethods.Insometrials，theysimplyused

papertowels.Intheothers，theyusedanelectrichanddryer.Sometimes，theyheldtheir

handsclosetothemachine，about13centimetersbelowit.Othertimes，theyheldtheir

handsabout30centimetersbelowthedryer.Eachhand－dryingconditionwas

performed20times.

Rightafterthisdrying，Zitaswabbed(用拭子擦)theirhandsforgerms.Thenshe

rubbedtheswabsontopetridishesfilledwithnutrientsthatwouldfuelamicrobe’s

growth.Shehousedthesedishesinanincubator(细菌培养器)forthreedays.

Fewerthan50coloniesofmicrobes，onaverage，turnedupineachdishexposed

toswabsfromhandsdriedwithpapertowelsorfromhandsheldfartherfromthe

electricdryers.Incontrast，morethan130colonies，onaverage，grewinpetridishes

fromhandsheldclosetothehot－airdryers.

Atfirst，Zitawasamazedbyallthemicrobesinthesedishes.Quickly，however，

sherealizedtheyrepresentedwhatcoveredpeople’shandsafterusingahot－air

dryer.“Thisisdisgusting，”shenowsays.“I’mnevergoingtousethesemachines

again！”

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了16岁的ZitaNguyen通过测试

发现，公共厕所的热风烘干机会把微生物直接喷回在刚洗干净的手上。

8.Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.

B.TosummarizeZita’sfindings.

C.Tocallforaction.

D.Toexplainarule.

答案B[写作意图题。根据第一段中“Butthehot－airhanddryers...what16－

year－oldZitaNguyenfoundbytestingpeople’sfreshlywashedanddriedhands.”和

第二段中“SheshowcasedherfindingsthisweekattheRegeneronInternational

ScienceandEngineeringFair(ISEF).”可推知，第一段主要是为了总结Zita的发

现。]

9.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTplayaroleinthephenomenonZitadiscovered?

A.Publictoiletsoftenlacklids.

B.Handdryersarewarm.

C.Peopleoftenforgettowashtheirhands.

D.Theinsideofhanddryersishardtoclean.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段“Toiletsinpublicrestroomsseldomhave

lids...Cleaningtheinsideofthesemachinescanbedifficult，sheadds.”可知，公共厕

所很少有盖子，烘干机是温暖的，清洗烘干机内部很困难，导致用烘干机烘干手

时会将细菌带到手上，C项“人们经常忘记洗手”不是其中一个原因。]

10.WhatdidZitadoaspartoftheexperiment?

A.Sheanalysedexistingdata.

B.Shetestedhundredsofpeople.

C.Shevisitedmanylocations.

D.Shecompareddifferentmethods.

答案D[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Rightafterthisdrying，Zitaswabbed(用

拭子擦)theirhandsforgerms...inanincubator(细菌培养器)forthreedays.”和第四

段提到“Aftereachwashing，theydriedtheirhandsusingoneofthreedifferent

methods.”提到参与者用不同的方法烘干手可知，在实验中，Zita比较了不同的方

法。]

11.WhatisZita’sattitudetoelectricdryersnow?

A.Negative.B.Uncertain.

C.Supportive.D.Interested.

答案A[观点态度题。根据最后一段中“‘Thisisdisgusting，’shenow

says.‘I’mnevergoingtousethesemachinesagain！’”可推知，现在Zita对烘干

机的态度是消极的。]

Ⅱ.七选五

(2024·河北统考)

HowtoManageConflict

·Useneutral(中立的)language.

Neutrallanguagekeepsthediscussionobjectiveand

nonjudgmental.Inflammatory(煽动性的)languageonlymakestheconflictworse.1

Rephrasenegativestatementsintoneutralcommentsandasksincerequestionstoget

yourcoworker’ssideofthestoryanduseacalm，eventoneofvoice.

·Reflectonthesituation.

Showallpartiesthatyouhearandunderstandtheirconcerns.Often，conflict

comesfromonepartyfeelingasthoughthey’renotbeingheardorunderstood.Take

timethroughoutyourconversationtorestatewhattheotherpersonsays.2

·Worktogethertocompromise(妥协)andfindasolution.

3Resolvetheconflictbyworkingtogetherandbrainstormingsolutionsto

theconflictthataddresseseveryone’sconcerns.Writedownyourideasandseeif

there’sonesolutionthatbothofyoufindfairandreasonable.Agoodresolutionusually

involvescompromise—meetinghalfwaysothatyoubothleavesatisfied.

·Makearesolutionplan.

Aplandefineseachparty’sresponsibilitiesandpreventsmoreconflict.After

findingasolutioneveryonecanagreeon，sitdowntogetherandfigureoutwhatyou’ll

alldotoresolvetheconflict.4Whatotherpracticesmighthelpavoidfuture

conflictandmaintainpositivecommunication?Ensureeveryoneinvolvedcooperates

onthewin－winsolution.

·Pickyourbattles.

Notallconflictsareworthholdingontoatthecostofyourenergy.S