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主题群二做人与做事
话题7优秀品行及公民义务
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟第三次联考)
InspiredbyhismentorLouisSullivan,aninfluentialfigureintheworldof
modernistarchitecture,FrankLloydWrightcoinedtheterm“organicarchitecture”
around1908.
Ratherthanimitatingnatureororganicelementswithinthenaturalworld,organic
architectureismoreconcernedwithre-interpretationofnatureandharmonybetween
theorganicandthebuiltenvironment.Itensuresthattheindividualelementswithin
buildingsareputtogethertoreflecttheorderwithinnature.Hereare4ofthemost
strikingexamples.
CasaMilà
Location:Barcelona,Spain
Yearofcompletion:1910
Architect:AntoniGaudi
ConsideredthegreatestexponentofCatalanModernism,AntoniGaudiwas
devotedtonatureandtheCatholicreligion.Whileheoriginallyintendedthisorganic
buildingtohaveareligiouspurpose,itisnowanapartmentbuilding.Truetothe
organicstyle,itfeaturestheshapeofhoneycombthatseeminglyemergesfromthe
earth.
LearningHubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)
Location:Singapore
Yearofcompletion:2015
Architect:ThomasHeatherwick
Earningthenicknames“dimsumbasketbuilding”and“theHive”,theLearning
Hubconsistsof12eight-storeytowersarrangedaroundapublicatrium.Theorganic
natureofthebuildingextendstoitsinteriorwithfeatureslikegardensthatareintended
toencouragesocialinteractionsandstudyamongstudents.
FallingWater
Location:MillRun,Pennsylvania
Yearofcompletion:1939
Architect:FrankLloydWright
Aclassicofmodernismandorganicarchitecture,FallingWatersitsontopofa
waterfall.FrankLloydWrightdesigneditfortheKaufmannfamilywho—thoughthey
hadoriginallyhopedforaviewofthewaterfall—cametolovethehome.
EastBeachCafé
Location:Littlehampton,UK
Yearofcompletion:2007
Architect:ThomasHeatherwick
Locatedinaseasideareawithanindustrialhistory,EastBeachCaféresembles
(像)apieceofdriftwood.Fortymeterslong,sevenmeterswideandfivemetershigh,
itinitiallypolarisedlocals,buthassincebeenwell-receivedbythewhole
community.ItwasthefirstbuildingforThomasHeatherwickwhopreviouslywas
betterknownasasculptor.
【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四座著名的有机建筑的情况。
1.Whichbuildinghasthelongesthistory?
A.CasaMilà.B.LearningHubatNTU.
C.FallingWater.D.EastBeachCafé.
答案A[细节理解题。根据文章内容可知,CasaMilà完成于1910年;Learning
HubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)完成于2015年;FallingWater完
成于1939年;EastBeachCafé完成于2007年。故CasaMilà的历史最悠久。]
2.WhatcanwelearnaboutEastBeachCafé?
A.Itremainsfloatingonthesea.
B.Itservestoencouragesocialinteractions.
C.Itwasnotacceptedbyallthelocalsinitially.
D.Itwasoriginallyintendedforaparticularfamily.
答案C[细节理解题。根据EastBeachCafé部分中“Fortymeterslong,seven
meterswide...bythewholecommunity.”可知,它最初让当地人两极分化,但后来
受到了整个社区的欢迎,故可知起初并不是所有的当地人都接受EastBeach
Café。]
3.Whichofthefollowingmagazinesisthetextprobablytakenfrom?
A.NaturalWorld.B.ArchitecturalDigest.
C.OrganicGardening.D.ExtraordinaryFigures.
答案B[文章出处题。根据第二段内容并结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了
有机建筑,关注有机环境与建筑环境中人与自然的和谐,并列举了四座著名的建
筑来说明,可推知“建筑文摘”可能是本文的来源。]
(2024·湖南常德市一中模拟预测)
“Isawitfirst,”Amysaid,assherippedtheoldleatherwalletoutofCharlie’s
hands.Withoutsayingaword,asiftheybothunderstoodthatthiswasasecretthey
didn’twanttosharewithanyone,theyslippedintothealley,wherenoonecouldsee
themlookinside.
“There’sgottobeamilliondollarshere!”Charlieblurtedout,whentheysaw
thepileofhundred-dollarbills.Amy,themorerealisticofthetwo,didaquick
estimate,thumbingthroughthewadofcash.“Morelikethousands,”shesaid,her
voiceshakingindisbelief.
They’dfoundthewalletinaflowerbedbythesidewalk,whenCharliedroppedhis
cellphonewhilehewastryingtotalkandeatasliceofpepperonipizzaatthesame
time.AmystuffedthewalletintoherbackpackandpulledCharliealongbyhiselbow
towardherhouse.AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue,theytalkedexcitedlyabout
whattheycoulddowiththemoney—buygiftsforparentsandfriends,getnewclothes,
traveltotherainforestinCostaRica,andadoptawhale.Itlookedlikealloftheir
dreamswouldcometrue.Forthelastblock,however,theydidn’ttalk.Eachbeganto
suspectthattheotheronewassilentlyaddingtothelistofthingstheycouldbuy.
TheyfinallyreachedAmy’shouse,butinsteadofgoinginside,theywalked
aroundthehousetothebackporch.Theyopenedthewalletandcountedthemoneyinto
pilesoften.Thetotalwas$2,400—moremoneythaneitherofthemhadever
seen.Thentheybothstartedtalkingatonce,“Iwonderwholostit.”Theirmoods
shifted,sinkingfromthehighofbeingrichforfifteenminutestoresigningthemselves
towhattheymustdonext.Forinthewallet’sclearplasticcompartment,therewasa
driver’slicense.Theyknewwhattheyhadtodo.Althoughtheywouldlosetheirnewly
-foundtreasure,inaway,theyfeltrelieved.
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Amy和Charlie在花坛里发现了一个
有几千美元的钱包,两人把钱包拿走,畅想利用这笔钱做什么,后来两人还是决
定把钱包还给失主,让自己放下心理负担。
4.WheredidAmyandCharliefindthewallet?
A.Inanalley.B.Inabackpack.
C.Amongsomeflowers.D.Onthesidewalk.
答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段中“They’dfoundthewalletinaflowerbedby
thesidewalk”可知,Amy和Charlie在一些花中间发现了这个钱包。]
5.InParagraph2,whywasAmy’svoiceshaking?
A.Shewasafraidthattheywouldbeseenbyothers.
B.Shewasdisappointedtherewasn’tamilliondollars.
C.ShewasfearfulthatCharliewouldtellsomeoneelse.
D.Shefeltnervousbecauseshe’dneverseensomuchmoney.
答案D[推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Morelikethousands,’shesaid,her
voiceshakingindisbelief.”可知,Amy不敢相信钱包里有这么多钱。由此推知,
从未见过这么多钱的她会感到紧张,声音颤抖。]
6.OntheirwaytoAmy’shouse,thechildren’smoodschangedfrom.
A.excitedtosuspiciousB.happytoangry
C.relievedtoworriedD.nervoustodisappointed
答案A[细节理解题。根据第三段中“AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue,
theytalkedexcitedlyabout...andadoptawhale.”和“Forthelastblock,however,
theydidn’ttalk...thelistofthingstheycouldbuy.”可知,在回Amy家的路上,两人
先是非常兴奋,开心地想象利用这笔钱可以做什么,后来变得沉默,猜疑对方偷
偷地想买更多的东西,因此两个孩子的情绪是由兴奋变成怀疑。]
7.Whatdidthechildrendecidetodoattheendofthestory?
A.Tokeepthemoneyasecretfromothers.
B.Toreturnthewallettoitsrightfulowner.
C.Toputthewalletbackwheretheyfoundit.
D.Tobuymanydifferentthingswiththemoney.
答案B[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Forinthewallet’sclearplastic
compartment...losetheirnewly-foundtreasure,inaway,theyfeltrelieved.”可推
知,Amy和Charlie打算放弃这笔财富,根据钱包里驾驶执照的信息将钱包返还
给失主,让自己放下心理负担。]
(2024·广东汕头金山中学三模)
Scrubbingyourhandswithsoapandwaterwashesawaygerms(细菌).Butthehot
-airhanddryersfoundinmanypublicrestroomsseemtospraymicrobes(微生
物)rightbackontocleanskin.That’swhat16-year-oldZitaNguyenfoundbytesting
people’sfreshlywashedanddriedhands.
SheshowcasedherfindingsthisweekattheRegeneronInternationalScienceand
EngineeringFair(ISEF).HeldinDallas,Texas,thiscompetitionisaprogramofthe
SocietyforScience.
Toiletsinpublicrestroomsseldomhavelids.Soflushingthemspraysthegerms
frombodywasteintotheair.Thatsameairisdrawnintothoseelectrichand
dryers.Thesemachinesprovideanicewarmhomeinwhichmicrobescangrow,Zita
says.Cleaningtheinsideofthesemachinescanbedifficult,sheadds.
Theteenhadfourpeoplewashanddrytheirhandsinrestroomsatamallanda
gasstation.Theparticipantsscrubbedwithsoapandwater.Aftereachwashing,they
driedtheirhandsusingoneofthreedifferentmethods.Insometrials,theysimplyused
papertowels.Intheothers,theyusedanelectrichanddryer.Sometimes,theyheldtheir
handsclosetothemachine,about13centimetersbelowit.Othertimes,theyheldtheir
handsabout30centimetersbelowthedryer.Eachhand-dryingconditionwas
performed20times.
Rightafterthisdrying,Zitaswabbed(用拭子擦)theirhandsforgerms.Thenshe
rubbedtheswabsontopetridishesfilledwithnutrientsthatwouldfuelamicrobe’s
growth.Shehousedthesedishesinanincubator(细菌培养器)forthreedays.
Fewerthan50coloniesofmicrobes,onaverage,turnedupineachdishexposed
toswabsfromhandsdriedwithpapertowelsorfromhandsheldfartherfromthe
electricdryers.Incontrast,morethan130colonies,onaverage,grewinpetridishes
fromhandsheldclosetothehot-airdryers.
Atfirst,Zitawasamazedbyallthemicrobesinthesedishes.Quickly,however,
sherealizedtheyrepresentedwhatcoveredpeople’shandsafterusingahot-air
dryer.“Thisisdisgusting,”shenowsays.“I’mnevergoingtousethesemachines
again!”
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了16岁的ZitaNguyen通过测试
发现,公共厕所的热风烘干机会把微生物直接喷回在刚洗干净的手上。
8.Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirstparagraph?
A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.
B.TosummarizeZita’sfindings.
C.Tocallforaction.
D.Toexplainarule.
答案B[写作意图题。根据第一段中“Butthehot-airhanddryers...what16-
year-oldZitaNguyenfoundbytestingpeople’sfreshlywashedanddriedhands.”和
第二段中“SheshowcasedherfindingsthisweekattheRegeneronInternational
ScienceandEngineeringFair(ISEF).”可推知,第一段主要是为了总结Zita的发
现。]
9.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTplayaroleinthephenomenonZitadiscovered?
A.Publictoiletsoftenlacklids.
B.Handdryersarewarm.
C.Peopleoftenforgettowashtheirhands.
D.Theinsideofhanddryersishardtoclean.
答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段“Toiletsinpublicrestroomsseldomhave
lids...Cleaningtheinsideofthesemachinescanbedifficult,sheadds.”可知,公共厕
所很少有盖子,烘干机是温暖的,清洗烘干机内部很困难,导致用烘干机烘干手
时会将细菌带到手上,C项“人们经常忘记洗手”不是其中一个原因。]
10.WhatdidZitadoaspartoftheexperiment?
A.Sheanalysedexistingdata.
B.Shetestedhundredsofpeople.
C.Shevisitedmanylocations.
D.Shecompareddifferentmethods.
答案D[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Rightafterthisdrying,Zitaswabbed(用
拭子擦)theirhandsforgerms...inanincubator(细菌培养器)forthreedays.”和第四
段提到“Aftereachwashing,theydriedtheirhandsusingoneofthreedifferent
methods.”提到参与者用不同的方法烘干手可知,在实验中,Zita比较了不同的方
法。]
11.WhatisZita’sattitudetoelectricdryersnow?
A.Negative.B.Uncertain.
C.Supportive.D.Interested.
答案A[观点态度题。根据最后一段中“‘Thisisdisgusting,’shenow
says.‘I’mnevergoingtousethesemachinesagain!’”可推知,现在Zita对烘干
机的态度是消极的。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·河北统考)
HowtoManageConflict
·Useneutral(中立的)language.
Neutrallanguagekeepsthediscussionobjectiveand
nonjudgmental.Inflammatory(煽动性的)languageonlymakestheconflictworse.1
Rephrasenegativestatementsintoneutralcommentsandasksincerequestionstoget
yourcoworker’ssideofthestoryanduseacalm,eventoneofvoice.
·Reflectonthesituation.
Showallpartiesthatyouhearandunderstandtheirconcerns.Often,conflict
comesfromonepartyfeelingasthoughthey’renotbeingheardorunderstood.Take
timethroughoutyourconversationtorestatewhattheotherpersonsays.2
·Worktogethertocompromise(妥协)andfindasolution.
3Resolvetheconflictbyworkingtogetherandbrainstormingsolutionsto
theconflictthataddresseseveryone’sconcerns.Writedownyourideasandseeif
there’sonesolutionthatbothofyoufindfairandreasonable.Agoodresolutionusually
involvescompromise—meetinghalfwaysothatyoubothleavesatisfied.
·Makearesolutionplan.
Aplandefineseachparty’sresponsibilitiesandpreventsmoreconflict.After
findingasolutioneveryonecanagreeon,sitdowntogetherandfigureoutwhatyou’ll
alldotoresolvetheconflict.4Whatotherpracticesmighthelpavoidfuture
conflictandmaintainpositivecommunication?Ensureeveryoneinvolvedcooperates
onthewin-winsolution.
·Pickyourbattles.
Notallconflictsareworthholdingontoatthecostofyourenergy.S
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