2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题27　科技发展与信息技术创新(教师版)

话题27科技发展与信息技术创新

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Inthepast，videoconferencetechnologywasmainlyusedforjustafewelements

ofbusinessmeetingsorhangoutswithfriendsandfamily.Now，videoconferencetools

areessentialforourproductivity，learningandsocialinteraction.Weusethemnotonly

forfun，butmainlyasameaningfulpartofourwork.

However，oncewestarttojoinendlessvideocallsforafewhourseachday，we

becomeverytired.Thistermiscalled“zoomfatigue”，andit’srelatedtooverusing

virtualcommunicationplatforms.

Therearesomeadvantagesofusingvideoconferencingtools.Withoutthem，it

mightbeimpossibleforustoworkfromhome.Butwhatwehaven’texpectedisaprice

thatweneedtopayforthatsortofconvenience.

Whenwearehavingaface－to－faceconversationwithothers，everythingseems

prettynatural.Whilespeaking，youlookintotheeyes，sometimesslightlymovingyour

stareontosomethingelse.Youknowwhentostoptalkingandwhentospeakup.Evenif

you’reinaconferenceroomwith10people，youdon’thaveaterriblefeelingofbeing

observedallthetime.Younoticethatpeoplemostlylookatthepersonwhoisspeaking，

andthentheymovetheirattentionontosomeoneelse.Butwhenyouusea

teleconferencingtool，thingsaredifferent.Beingphysicallyoncameramakesyouvery

awareofbeingwatchedallthetime，becauseyoudon’tknowwhoislookingat

you.Youjustseemanyfacesonyourscreen.

MarissaShufflerfromClemsonUniversityoncesaid，“Whenyou’reonavideo

conference，youknoweverybody’slookingatyou；youareonstage，sotherecomesthe

socialpressure—afeelinglikeyouneedtoperform.Beingperformativeisstressful.”

Moreover，thereisanotherinterestingtendencyasfarasvideocallsare

concerned.Whoareyoulookingatmostofthetime？Theanswerisyourself.Formost

people，it’shardnottolookattheirownfaceiftheycanseeitonthescreen.Weare

likelytomakesurethatourheadisattherightangleandthatourshirtisn’tcreased.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了视频会议技术给我们带来了便利，

但与此同时也带给我们一些意料之外的负面影响。

1.Whatistheso－called“zoomfatigue”？

A.Thefastpaceofourmodernlife.

B.Boredomcausedbytoomanyvideocalls.

C.Thewidespreadofvideotechnology.

D.Burnoutassociatedwithoverusingonlineplatforms.

答案D[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thistermiscalled‘zoom

fatigue’，andit’srelatedtooverusingvirtualcommunicationplatforms.”可知，

“zoomfatigue”是指过度使用在线平台而引起的疲劳。]

2.Whatcanvideocallsbringuswhencomparedwithface－to－faceconversations?

A.Highercost.B.Morestress.

C.Morefreetime.D.Betterperformance.

答案B[推理判断题。结合第四段对面对面交谈的阐述及其与视频通话的对比

和第五段中的“youareonstage...Beingperformativeisstressful.”可推知，视频通话

会给人带来更大的压力。]

3.Whydowelookatourselvesmostofthetimeonthescreen?

A.Tobewell－behaved.B.Togetsomecomfort.

C.Togrowself－confidence.D.Toattractothers’attention.

答案A[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，人们在屏幕上关注自己是

想确认自己表现良好，呈现出最佳的状态。]

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thepopularityofvideocalls.

B.People’sattitudetowardsvideocalls.

C.Someunforeseeneffectsofvideocalls.

D.Changesinpeople’swayofcommunication.

答案C[文章大意题。根据第三段最后一句并结合后文内容可知，本文主要讲

述视频通话技术在给人们带来便捷的同时，也带来了一些始料不及的负面影响。]

Youimproveyourrobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaof

StanfordUniversity，however，begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanalsoimprovearobot’s

softwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayof

testingthisidea.

Theybroughttotheirrobots，unimals，theprinciplesofevolution(进化)by

naturalselection.Unimals，withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs，are

softwarebeingsinteractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswherethey

wanderedwereinthreevarieties：flatgrounds，groundswithhillsandsteps，andones

thathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort，butwithaddedobjects.

Tobeginwith，theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariousshapes，butwith

identicalsoftware—derl.Newlycreatedunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesina

virtualbootcamp.Theywerethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroup

winnerwasawardedonemutation(变异)—oneextraarmorleg，oroneextraturning

inajoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup，

andtheprocessrepeated.About4，000varietiesofthemunderwenttraining.

Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially，though，

theresearchersfoundthemostsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheir

oldestancestorshadtaken，andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestgroundswerethe

mostsuccessful.

Inthisevolutionofunimals’morphology(形态)topromotetheabilitytolearn，

DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcalledtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin，

apsychologist，arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesof

thebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown，thoughinsoftware，isthattheoppositecanalso

betrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhough

heheldthesoftwareconstant，itbecamemoreefficientatlearningastheunimals’

bodiesevolved.

Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredeveloped

remainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout－of－the－boxidea.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲了人们通过改进机器人的软件来改进

它的软设备。然而，斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔却不这么认为。他认为还可以

通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件。

5.Howwasthetestconducted?

A.Bypromotingunimals’learning.B.Byadjustingtheenvironments.

C.Byprovingtheevolutiontheory.D.Bystimulatingunimals’mutation.

答案B[推理判断题。根据第二段可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。]

6.Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthetest?

A.Thenumberoftrainedunimals.

B.Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.

C.Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.

D.Thereplacementofoldunimals.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Theteamweresurprisedbythe

diversityofshapesthatevolved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。]

7.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetest?

A.Mindevolutionaffectsbodyshaping.

B.Bodychangesbettermindwork.

C.Hardwarechangesdonotimpactsoftware.

D.Thediscoveryisusefulinrobotdevelopment.

答案B[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“WhatDrGuptahasshown...can

improvethewaymindswork.”可推知，身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。]

8.What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefinding?

A.Negative.B.Objective.

C.Indifferent.D.Approving.

答案B[观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

Hello，Mr.Wi－Fi.Lifewithoutyouisnexttoimpossible.We’rehappytosing

yournamefrommorningtillevening，sometimestilldawn.1Iknowyouhelpme，

sometimesyou’remakingmedothingswith2attention.ManytimesIpromise

myselfthatI’ll3myfeelingstowardsyou，butyou’re4mecloserand

closer...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace.You’rejustawindowforour

5andinformation.Butwepeoplearen’t6onlywiththewindow.Soweopen

allourdoorsforyou.Isthisa(n)7orsomekindofattachment？Ifthisisan

illness，isitcurable？Andifthisisanattachment，willyou8methelifelong

togetherness?

Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoffsothatbothyouandIcan

9？You’reapoison—notaslowonebutasuper－fastpoisonwhichholdsourmind

andmakesusdance10yourtune.Nowadaysyou’reso11thatanyonecan

buyandmakeyoubecomeourcompanion.You’llneverbebotheredaboutourhealth

butwe’ll12beconcernedaboutyour“health”.Becauseyouaccompanyus

everywhereandneverletusbealone.

Ifyouwerea13personmadeoffleshandblood，wouldweloveyouthe

same？Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweevencan’tgetridofyou.We

allareyour14.SometimesIwonderhowpeopleinthepreviousgenerations

15，butiftheydid，whycan’twe?

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章以拟人手法描述了Wi－Fi无处不在，它在

给人们带来帮助的同时，也分散了人们的注意力。人们对它欲罢不能，又爱又恨。

1.A.NowthatB.Onlyif

C.ThoughD.When

答案C[根据语境并结合常识可推知，此处表示尽管作者知道Wi－Fi帮助了

自己，但是有时候它分散了作者的注意力。]

2.A.praisedB.increased

C.focusedD.divided

答案D[参见上题解析。]

3.A.keeponB.bringback

C.approveD.giveup

答案D[keepon继续进行；bringback带回；使恢复；approve同意；赞成；give

up放弃。根据下文的“butyou’remecloserandcloser...”可推知，很多

次作者想戒网，但最终却事与愿违。]

4.A.drawingB.pushing

C.forcingD.observing

答案A[draw吸引；push推；force强迫；observe遵守；观察。根据空后的“closer

andcloser...You’veenteredbothmyhomeandmyworkplace”可推知，Wi－Fi离作

者越来越近了，它进入了作者的家和工作场所。]

5.A.entertainmentB.argument

C.expansionD.struggle

答案A[entertainment娱乐；argument争论；expansion扩张，扩大；struggle

斗争；奋斗。根据空后的“andinformation”并结合选项和常识可推知，此处表示

Wi－Fi只是一个娱乐和信息的窗口。]

6.A.strictB.satisfied

C.generousD.busy

答案B[strict严格的；satisfied满意的；generous慷慨大方的；busy繁忙的。

根据下文的“Soweopenallourdoorsforyou”可推知，人们对Wi－Fi的窗口作用

并不满足，于是为Wi－Fi打开了所有的门。]

7.A.diseaseB.inspiration

C.routineD.situation

答案A[inspiration灵感；妙计；routine日常工作；惯例。根据下文的“Ifthisis

anillness”可推知，作者疑惑这种行为是否是一种病。]

8.A.recommendB.instruct

C.promiseD.adapt

答案C[recommend推荐；instruct指示；指导；promise答应；允诺；adapt适

应；改编。根据语境并结合选项可推知，此处表示如果这是一种依恋，Wi－Fi是

否会“承诺”和作者一辈子在一起。]

9.A.persistB.relax

C.progressD.balance

答案B[persist坚持；持续；relax放松；progress进行，进展；balance平衡。

根据上文“Wewantyoualldays.Can’tyoutakeafewdaysoff”可推知，作者觉得

和Wi－Fi联系太紧密了，因此想让Wi－Fi离开几天，彼此都放松一下。]

10.A.toB.against

C.fromD.within

答案A[dancetosb’stune是固定搭配，意为“听从某人的指挥，唯命是从，言

听计从”。]

11.A.affordableB.valuable

C.conventionalD.attractive

答案A[affordable付得起的；valuable值钱的；有价值的；conventional传统的。

根据空后的“anyonecanbuy”可推知，现如今任何人都负担得起Wi－Fi。]

12.A.sometimesB.always

C.neverD.seldom

答案B[but与句中的never形成对比，Wi－Fi从来不担心我们的健康，但我

们将一直担心Wi－Fi的“健康”。]

13.A.selfishB.dishonest

C.responsibleD.real

答案D[selfish自私的；dishonest不诚实的；responsible负责的；real真实的。

根据空后的“madeoffleshandblood”可推知，此处表示假如Wi－Fi是一个有血有

肉的真人的话，我们是否会同样地喜欢它。]

14.A.friendsB.slaves

C.colleaguesD.employers

答案B[根据空前一句“Youcontroluswithyournumeroustalentsandweeven

can’tgetridofyou.”并结合选项可推知，Wi－Fi控制了我们，因此我们都是Wi

－Fi的奴隶。]

15.A.sufferedB.connected

C.survivedD.surfed

答案C[suffer受难；connect连接；survive幸存；surf冲浪。根据上文的“we

evencan’tgetridofyou”可知，我们无法摆脱Wi－Fi，因此作者很困惑以前的人

没有Wi－Fi是如何活下来的。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2024·江西省南昌市高三一模)

Asmalldevice，Moxie，hasproducedoxygenonthesurfaceofMars，1.

(bring)thechancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.Researchpublishedin2.

journalScienceAdvancesreportedthatMoxieproducedbreathableoxygeninseven－

hour－longtestsconductedinvariousweatherandatmospheric(大气的)conditions

lastyear.Theresearchalsofoundthateveninextreme3.(temperature)

andafteraMartianduststorm，Moxie4.(continue)toproducehigh－

purityoxygen.

“Thisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusingresourcesonthesurfaceof

Marsandtransforming5.(they)chemicallyintosomethingusefulfora

humanmission，”JeffreyHoffman，a6.(retire)astronaut，said.

“ThethinatmosphereonMarsis96percentcarbondioxideandmuchmore7.

(change)thanonEarthandthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees，”Hoffman

said.“OneaimistoshowwecanrunMoxieinallseasons.”

Thedevice，Moxie，usessomespecialpumps，8.suckincarbon

dioxide.Thegas9.(heat)to800℃andpressedtoseparatethecarbon

andoxygen.Carbonmonoxideissentoutaswastewhilethepureoxygenisleftbehind.

Despitethechallenges，Moxiehasproveddurableintheextremeconditionson

Marsandscientistsregardthetestresults10.agreatachievement.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种名为Moxie的小型装置是如何在

火星的极端温度下产生氧气的。科学家们认为这是一项伟大的成就。

1.bringing[考查非谓语动词。句意：一种名为Moxie的小型设备在火星表面产

生了氧气，使人类在这颗红色星球上生存的机会又近了一步。根据句意和所给动

词bring分析句子可知，空格处应该填入bring的非谓语形式作状语，因为动词bring

和前面的句子是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该用现在分词bringing作状语。故填

bringing。]

2.the[考查冠词。句意：发表在《科学进展》杂志上的研究报告称，去年在各种

天气和大气条件下进行的长达