2024届北京市朝阳区高三年级下册一模考试英语试题 （原卷版）

北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测一

英语

2024.4

（考试时间90分钟满分100分）

本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Itwashardnottonoticean8-ycar-oldkidstorminginandoutofhisownhouse.4tHcdoesn'thaveafather/'

saidhisneighbor,WilliamDunn."1canprobablydosomethingforhim.”

Thatsomethingwasfishing,a]Dunn'sfatherhadsharedwithhim."Ilbroughtmepeaceandtaught

mehowtobepatient/,hesaid.Hethentookthekidfishingeveryweekend.Graduallyhetookgroupsofkidsoutto

fish.Mostdidn'thavefatherfigures“They'dbeenthroughalot,andtheirliveswere2saidDunn.uBut

whentheywerefishing,allofthatdisappeared.Ontheboat,they'dbelaughingandmakingnewfriends.Theyjust

3.themoment.''

4bythisscene,DunnstartedthenonprofitTakeaKidFishing.Heandthevolunteershaveintroduced

2,500kids—mostwithoutfathers5—tothecalmingpeacefoundonthewaterandtheexcitementof

catchingafish.

Justasimportantasthefishingarethe6Dunnformswiththosekids.Whentheyhavearoughtime,

Dunnwilltalkwiththem,emphasizingself-respectandmental7.Oneofthekids,BellaSmith,saidshe

wouldforgetaboutthepastwhilefishingandconcentrateonsomethingpositive.tkFishingislearning,shesaid."I've

learnedI8abetterlifethanwhatIhad.Whenever1feeldown,Iknowit'stimetogofishing?,

Dunn'sfatherpassedawaythisyear,sofishinghas9newmeaningfbrhim."Ihaveastrongerliking

fbritbecausenowI'mfatherlesstoo.There'snothinglikefeelingthatfirstpullonthelineandseeingakidlightup

withasmile,MsaidDunn.“Ifeel10towitnessthateveryweekend.”

1.

A.caseB.passionC.dutyD.goal

2.

A.difficultB.dramaticC.adventurousD.boring

3

A.rememberedB.regrettedC.recordedD.appreciated

4.

A.EntertainedB.ShockedC.InspiredD.Confused

5.

A.nearbyB.aroundC.aheadD.throughout

6.

A.identitiesB.agreementsC.relationshipsD.opinions

7.

A.toughnessB.dependenceC.sharpnessD.defense

8.

A.requireB.deserveC.leadD.secure

9.

A.leftbehindB.turnedintoC.carriedoutD.takenon

10.

A.curiousB.nervousC.luckyD.hesitant

第二节（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）

A

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写I个恰当的单词，化给出提示词的空门

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

ZhaoChuangisascienceartistworkinginBeijing.11jobbridgesscienceandartbypaintingand

sculpturingancientextinctspecies.Zhaoreproduceseachelementdescribedinpapersonthehistoryoflifeinan

artisticway,andthe12(blank)inscientificresearcharefilledbyhislogicandimagination.Hispainting

ofaprehistoricflyinganimalbecamethecoverofimportantscientificjournalNaturein2006,ahighlightinhis

career13ascienceartist.

B

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Harbin,14(know)foritsiceandsnowfestivals,becameverypopularlastwinter.Anincreasing

numberoftouristsrushedtothe“IceCityofChina“toexperiencethebestoficeandsnowculture.Besidesthe

frostydelights,thecitystillhasmuchmore15(offer)allyeararound,includingitstraditionalEuropcan-

stylearchitecture,uniquecuisineandculturalevents.Thecity'sindividualattractionsmake16amust-see

spotnomattertheweather.

C

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

TheTerracottaArmy(兵马俑)wasfoundin1974nearXi'an.Itisformedofmorethan8,000sculptures,

which17(bury)alongsidetheemperorQinShiHuangmorethan2,200yearsago.Now,researchershave

recreatedtheshoesofonesoldierandanalysisof(hem18(suggest)thatshoeswornbytheterracotta

sculpturesweresurprisinglyflexibleandslipresistant.Iftherecreatedshoes19(true)reflectthereal

ones,theycanhelpbuildabetterpictureof20Qindynastysoldiersworeandhowthismighthaveaided

theminbattles.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

A

You'veracedtothesupermarketonlytorealiseyou'velefttheshoppinglisthome.Youneedtomemorisewhich

groceriestopickupbeforeyoufbrget.Thankfully,there'samemoryaidthat'sperfectfbrthejob:thepeg-word

method.

Whatisthepeg-wordmethod?

Ilemploysasetofpre-determinedwords,regardedaspegwords,fortheto-be-rememberedinformation.Peg

wordsactasastructuretohelpyourememberparticularitems.Essentially,you'rehanginginfbrmaticnyouneedto

recallonthesepegs,whichallowsittoberecalledquicklyandeasily.

Initially,tousethismethod,youwillhavetorememberthepegwordsaswellasthenumbers:

one=buntwo=shoelhree=lreefbur=doorfive=hive

six=slicksseven=heaveneight=galenine=vinelen=hen

Thenextstepistocreateassoc:ationsbetweentheinformationyouneedtorememberandtheitemlinkedwith

thecorrespondingnumber.Ifthefirstitem,forinstance,ismilk,thenyouneedtovisualisethemilkandabun(小圆

面包)together.Themoreunusualyoucanmakeyourimage,themorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Inthiscase,

youcouldimagineabundrinkingaglassofmilk.

Whyisituseful?

Asthecaseshows,itismostusefulwhenitcomestorememberinglistsandyoucanrecallthelisteditemseasily

inorder.Anotherwaytousethismemoryaidistomemoriseimportantnumbers,likephonenumbersordates.For

instance,youneedtorememberthatWilliamShakespearewasbornintheyear1564.First,changethatnumberto

bun-hive-sticks-door.Thenimagineastorytohelpyouremembertheseries:

WilliamShakespeareputabuninabeehivetocoatitinhoney,buthedidn'tlikehowstickyitbecamesohe

threwitatadoor.

Thepeg-wordmelhodhasbeenwildlyrecognizedasahelpfulmemoryaid.Formoreinformation,pleasevisit

/.

21.Howcanweapplythepeg-wordmethodtorecallanitem?

A.Listoutdifferentmeaningsoftheitem.

B.Visualisetheitemandmemorizeitsimage.

C.Choosetheitem'spegwordandrememberit.

D.Createavisuallinkbetweentheitemanditspegword.

22.Whatisthebestwaytorememberthenumber347withthepegwordsinthetable?

A.Ahendrinksfromabottleofwine.

B.Aloadofeggsgrowlikefruitonatree.

C.Atreegrowsthroughthedoortoheaven.

D.Anappleshootsoutofabunandhitsthedoor.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Tointroduceahelpfulmemorytool.

BToadvertiseabraintrainingprogram.

C.Tohighlight（heimportanceofpegwords.

D.Toanalyzethenecessityoftrainingmemory.

B

Mybirthwasalittlemoredramaticthanthestandardwayababyenterstheworld.Iwasbornmissingmyleft

hand.Indeed,mylimb（手臂）differencecouldhavebeenadisasterifithadn'tbeenfbrwhathappenednext.Anurse

placedmeinmymother'sarmsandinstructed,tkYouwilltakeherhome.Youwillloveherandtreatherasnormal.”

Thatisexactlywhathappened.Iplayedsports,actedintheater,excelledinschoolandhadplaydateswithfriends.

WhileIdidgetsomestaresand"polite“questionsaboutmydisability,IwaskickybecauseIwasn'tmadefunoffor

it.

However,thatfactthatIwasdifferenthitmehardmyfirstdayofhighschool.Iwas13,anagewhenkidsare

alreadyveryself-consciousandtheneedtofitinisintensified.Irememberoneoftheotherkidsontheschoolbus

staredjustalittletoolongatmyleftarm.Ifeltasuddenurgetohidemyhand,soIslippeditintomypocket.Itold

myselfthatI'djusthideitthatoneday,whileIwastryingtomakefriends.Butonedayofhidingturnedintoaweek,

amonth,andyears-25ofthemtobeexact.

WhenIwas38yearsold,tiredofhidingandlonely,Imetsomeonespecialandinvitedhimin.Thecombination

ofmefinallyfeelingreadytounhideandhiswillingnesstogothroughtheunhidingprocesswithmewasexactly

whatIneeded.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iallowedsomeonetoreallyholdmylimb,lookatit,touchit,loveit—

loveme.Isawmylimbdifferenceassomethinguniqueaboutme,somethingthatshouldbeshown,nothidden.

Itwasatransformationalexperience,andIlearnedtolovemetoo.ItchangedhowIlivedmyentirelifeand

mademehappier.IalsodiscoveredcindjoinedtheLuckyFinProject,anorganisationdevotedtopeoplewithalltypes

ofdisabilities.

Hidingthings,especiallyfromlovedones,istiringandlonely,anditpreventsusfromgettinghelpandsupport.

It'stimetochangethat.

24.Whatwastheauthor'schildhooclike?

A.Shehadnosocialinteractionswithfriends.

B.Shewasraisedwithcareandtreatednormally.

C.Shefacedsomechallengesinschoolactivities.

D.Shewasupsetabouttheattentiontoherdifference.

25.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenshewas13yearsold?

A.Shebegantoignoreherdisability.

B.Shesufferedprejudicefromsomekids.

C.Shestartedhidingherselfawayfromfriends.

D.Shebecamesensitiveduetoherself-awareness.

26.Howdidtheauthorchangewhenshestoppedhiding?

A.Shestartedtoopenupandbeherself.

B.Shemetsomeonewhocuredherdisability.

C.Shewasfedupwiththecompanyofothers.

D.Shereducedinvolvementinthedisabilitygroup.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Misfortuneisagoodteacher.

B.Disabilityisnotabarriertosuccess.

C.Self-acceptancecanleadtoself-love.

D.Nothingbeatsthefeelingofbeingloved.

C

Thestreetsandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheat,makingsomeurbanareashotterthanruralones.These“urban

heatislands”canalsodevelopundergroundascityheatspreadsdownward,andsubwaytracksandothersubsurface

infrasiructurc(基础设施)alsoconstantlyradiatewarmthintothesurroundingearth.

AnewstudyofdowntownChicagoshowsundergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatgive

offtheheatinthefirstplace."Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago'sdowntownwasdeforming,''says

studyauthorRottaLoria,anenvironmentalengineer.

Humansaren'ttheonlypotentiallyaffected.uForalotofthingsinthesubsurface,it'skindof'outofsight,out

ofmind',"saysGrantFerguson,ageologist.Buttheundergroundworldisfullofcreatures(hathaveadaptedto

subsurfaceexistencesuchasinsectsandsnails.Asthetemperaturerisesbecauseofclimatechangeandunderground

urbandevelopment,scientistsarekeepingeyesonthepotentialimplicationsforundergroundecosystems.

Butthequestionofhowundergroundhotspotscouldaffectinfrastructurehasgonelargelyunstudied.Because

materialsexpandandcontractwithremperaturechange,Rottasuspectedthatheatcomingfromundergroundcould

becontributingtowearandtearonvariousstructures.Tounderstandhowundergroundtemperaturedifferencehas

affectedtheground'sphysicalproperties,heusedacomputermodeltosimulate(模拟)theundergroundenvironment

from(he1950stonow—and(hento2050.Hefoundthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,someareasmayliftupward

byasmuchas0.50inchorsettlebyasmuchas0.32inch,dependingon(hesoilmakeupoftheareainvolved.Though

thesemaysoundlikesmalldisplacements,Rottasaystheycouldcausecracksinthefoundationsofsemebuildings,

causingbuildingstofall.

KathrinMenberg,ageoscientistinGermany,saysthesedisplacementpredictionsarefarbeyondherguesses

andcouldbelinkedtothesoft,clay-hcavysoils.uClaymaterialisparticularlysensitive/'shesays,“Itwouldbeabig

issueinallcitiesworldwidethatarcbuiltonsuchmaterial.”

Likeclimatechangeabovethesurface,undergroundchangesoccurgradually.4iTheseeffectstookdecadesto

developJFergusonsays,addingthatincreasedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealonglimetodissipate

onIheirown."Wecouldbasicallyturneverythingo①andit'sgoingtoremainthere,thetemperaturesignal,fbrquite

awhilc.^^

ButFergusonsaysthiswastedheatenergycouldalsobereused,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthe

subsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Still,thisassumptioncouldfailasabovegroundclimatechangecontinuesto

boostundergroundwamiing.Howeverslowly,thisheatwillgatherbeneathourfeet.'it'slikeclimatechange,“Rotta

Loriasays.uMaybewedon'tseeitalways,butit'shappening.M

28.TheauthorquotesRottaLoriainParagraph2mainlyto.

A.makeapredictionB.highlightafinding

C.drawaconclusionD.raiseanassumption

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A."Urbanhealislands”extendundergroundtospareecosystems.

B.Surfaceclimatechangecontributestothereuseofundergroundheat.

C.Undergroundtemperaturesmirrortheground'sphysicalcharacteristics.

D.Buildingsmaycollapseasapotentialconsequenceofundergroundheat.

30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“dissipate“inParagraph6probablymean?

A.Show.B.Stay.C.Develop.D.Disappear.

31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Undergroundclimatechangeisasilentdanger.

B.Humansfailtonoticethedramaticclimatechange.

C.Coolingthesubsurfacehelpscontrolurbanheatrises.

D.Researchingundergroundheathelpssaveonenergycosts.

D

Havewereachedthepeakoftheculturewar?Lookingatinysocialmediafeeds,itseemsthatpolarised

thinkingandmisinformationhaveneverbeenmorecommon.HowamIsupposedtofeelwhenusersIonce

admirednowdrawonquestionableevidencetosupport(heirbeliefs?

Perhapsitistimefbrusalltoadoptalittle“existentialhumility”.IcameacrossthisideainapaperbyJeffrey

GreenatVirginiafromCommonWealthUniversityandhiscolleagues.Theybuildonadecadeofresearch

examiningthebenefitsof^intellectualhumility“moregenerally—ourabilitytorecognisetheerrorsinour

judgementandremainawareofthelimitsofourknowledge.

Youcangetaflavourofthisresearchbyratingyouragreementwiththefollowingstatementsrangingfrom1

(notatalllikeme)to5(verylikeme):Iquestionmyownopinionsbecausetheycouldbewrong;Irecognisethe

valueinopinionsthataredifferentfrommyown;inthefaceofconflictingevidence,Iamopentochangingmy

opinions.

Peoplewhoscorehighlyonthisassessmentarelesslikelytoformknee-jerkreactionsonatopic,andtheyfind

iteasiertoconsiderthestrengthsorweaknessesofalogicalargument.Theyarelesslikelytobeinfluencedby

misinformation,sincetheytendtoreadthearticleinfull,investigatethesourcesofanewsstoryandcompareits

reportingtootherstatements,beforecomingtoastrongconclusionaboutitstruth.

Developing''intellectualhumility^^wouldbeanexcellentideainallfields,butcertainsituationsmaymakeit

particularlydifficulttoachieve.Grecnatpointsoutthatsomebeliefsaresocentraltoouridentitythatanychallenge

canactivateanexistentialcrisis,asifourwholeworldviewandmeaninginlifeareunderthreat.Asaresult»we

becomemoreinsistentinouropinionsandseekanywaytoprotect(hem.Thismayreducesomeofourfeelingsof

uncertainty,butitcomesatthecostofmoreanalyticalthinking.

Forthesereasons,Greenatdefines44existentialhumility''asthecapacitytoentertainthethoughtofanother

worldviewwithoutbecomingsodefensiveandclosed-minded.Sohowcouldweachieveit?Thiswillbethe

subjectoffutureresearch,buttheemotionofawe(afeelingofgreatrespectandadmiration)mayofferone

possibility.Onestudyfoundthatwatchingawe-inspiringvideosaboutspaceandtheuniverseledtohumbler

thinking,includingagreatercapacitytoadmitweaknesses.

Perhapswecouldallbenefitfromintenuptingourdespairwithawe-inspiringcontent.Altheveryleast,we

cantrytoquestionourpreconceptionsbeforeofferingourviewsonsocialmediaandbealittlelessreadyto

criticizewhenothersdisagree.

32.Regardingtheculturewaronsocialmedia,theauthoris.

A.embarrassedB.concernedC.panickedD.stressed

33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Existentialhumilityreducesthethreattoidentity.

B.Peoplewithintellectualhumilitylendtojumptoconclusions.

C.Awecouldpromoteexistentialhumilitybyencouragingmodestthinking.

D.Thehigheryouscoreontheassessment,themoreyousticktoyourvalues.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.OvercomeanExistentialCrisisB.ShowaLittleHumility

C.ThePathtoScreeningInformationD.TheApproachtoAchievingHumility

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Inmostadults,learningandthinkingbegintodeclineasearlyasage3().Peoplestarttoperformslightlyworse

intestsofcognitiveabilitiessuchastherateatwhichsomeonedoesamentaltask.35

Thesechangesareoftenconsiderednormalaging.Buttheymayinsteadrepresentsomethingmorelikethe

“summerslide”thatsomeschoolchildrenexperienceinacademicprogressduringsummerbreak.Recentresearch

suggeststhatapauseoflearningisindeedaproblemcausingcognitivereduction.36

Inathree-monthintervention,theresearchersprovidedanencouraginglearningenvironmentfor24olderadults.

Theytookatleastthreeclassestolearnthreenewskills.Theyalsodiscussedissuesrelatedtolearningbarriersand

inoiivation.Overthecoursetheseparticipants*cognitivescoresformemoryandflexibilitysignificantlyimproved.

Inafollow-upstudy,theresearchersdiscoveredamazinglythattheyhadimprovedfurther:37Inother

words,givingtheseseniorsamulticcurseroutineseemedtobringuptheirabilitiestolevelssimilartothoseofcollege

students.

Theresearchersarcstillinvestigatingwhycognitivescorescontinuedtoclimbaftertheprogram'send,butone

possibilityisthattheexperienceencouragedtheseolderparticipantstocontinuelearningandpracticingnewskills.

Olderadultsareoftenassumedtobeonadownwardslidewithunrecoverableloss."Useitorloseit/thesaying

goes.38Decline,aswesooftenseeit,maynotbecertain.Thal'swhyweneedtocreateenrichedlearning

environmentsforadultsaftertheirformaleducationandjobtrainingend.

39Educatorsknowhowtoeducatechildrenandadolescents,andwecanadaptthatknowledgeto

developlearningopportunitiesforadults.Societiescouldalsoprovideresourcesandpathstowardlifelonglearning

toensurethateveryonecanbenefitLet'sshifttheconversationaboutadultsfromavoidinglossanddeclineto

learningandgrowing.

A.But(hisdeclinecanbeaddressed.

BTheslidebecomessharperintheirmid-60s.

C.Interruptedlearningmaynotonlyaffectchildren.

D.Thequestionnowishowsocietycanmaximizeadultschancestokeeplearning.

E.Theircognitiveabilitiesafteroneyearwereclosetothoseofadults50yearsyounger.

F.Olderadultresearchtendstoemphasizeskilllearningonlyafterdailyfunctionsstarttodecline.

G.However(heresearchsuggeststheycanincreasebothskillsandcognitiveabilitiesoveralongterm.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

Gesturesrefertothecommunicationwherevisiblebodilyactionsareusedtocommunicateimportantmessages.

Theyincludemovementofhands,face,orotherpartsof(hebody.Gesturesbenefitourlivesalot.Takelanguage

learning.

Insomelanguages,certainsyllables涪节)withinwordsarepronouncedwithmarkedlymoreweightthan

others,calledlexicalstress.LanguagessuchasEnglishcommonly