Unit10Connections【速记清单】（学生版）

Unit10ConnectionsUnit10话题人际关系词汇一词多义/熟词生义：chain;network;release;adopt;dare;appeal动词：dive;reveal;envy;freeze;theory;proceed;disturb;interrupt;apologize;investigate形容词/副词：random;additionally;frequently;tearstained;legal名词：sorrow;clinic;conflict;bakery;amazement;impression;despair;forgiveness;intervention;consequence;disagreement;encouragement短语set...onfire;withtheaimof;inamazement;beconnectedto;showsb.around;takeup;burstinto;believein;picksbup;sendsboff句型once引导时间状语从句“getsthdone”结构强调句Thereisnoneedtodo...asif/though引导方式状语从句完全倒装现在分词（短语）作后置定语语法过去时态的被动语态写作新闻报道未来生活考点1.conflictn.抵触，冲突，矛盾vi.(两种思想、信仰、说法等)冲突，抵触[佳句]Theinterestsoftheindividualshouldnotbeinconflictwiththeinterestsofthecollective.小我的利益不能与大我的利益发生冲突。【拓展】(1)inconflictwith... 和……有矛盾/不一致eintoconflictwith...和……冲突；与……有分歧(2)conflictwith... 和……有矛盾/不一致【应用内化】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Manyoftheseideasappeartobeconflictwitheachother.(2)AsfarasIknow,Maryoftenesconflictwithherhusband.(3)Alltheseactionsbythepanyconflictedtheuniversallyacceptedbusinessrules.(4)发展得当的话，旅游业不一定与古建筑保护相抵触。Carriedoutintherightway,tourismmaynot____________．(5)由于激烈的争吵，他们与当地村民发生了冲突。They____________becauseofaheatedquarrel.考点2.disagreementn.意见不合，分歧，争论[佳句]There'resomeagreements,butalotofdisagreements.Someagreedwiththelastplan,butothersdisagreedwithit.有一些共识，但也有很多分歧。有些人同意最后的计划，但其他人不同意。【拓展】(1)disagreevi. 不同意，意见不合；不符，不一致disagreewithsb.on/about/oversth.关于某事与某人意见不一致disagreewith 不赞成，反对；(食物、气候)不适宜(2)agreevi. 同意agreetodosth. 同意做某事【应用内化】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Thereisaconsiderable(disagree)overthesafetyofthetreatment.(2)Idisagreewithyouthis.(3)(2023·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)在他的鼓励下，我同意试一试。Encouragedbyhiswords,I__________．(4)尽管家庭成员之间有时意见不一致，但他们还是齐心协力地把生意做得很成功。Eventhoughfamilymemberssometimes________theyworkedtogethertomakethebusinesssuccessful.[联想发散]agree的固定搭配为agreewith/to/on，但disagree一般与with连用。agreewith 同意某人的意见；适合；与……一致agreeto 同意(计划、安排、决定等)agreeon 就某事达成一致意见考点3.encouragementn.鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物[佳句]Withtheencouragementofgovernment,manyuniversitygraduatedstudentsgotheretobeteachers.在政府的鼓励下，许多大学生毕业到那里去当老师。【拓展】(1)encouragev. 鼓励；激励；促进encouragesb.todo... 鼓励某人做……encouragesb.in... 在……方面鼓励某人(2)encouragingadj. 令人鼓舞的encouragedadj. 受到鼓励的【应用内化】单句语法填空/句式升级(科技进步与创新)(1)Emojicanhelpmunicationfeelfriendlier,andevenaseriousnotecanbesoftenedwithan_______________(encourage)smile.(2)(2023·全国乙卷)Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthem__(try)differentfood.(3)Heneedsallthesupportand(encourage)hecanget.(4)Manyfarmerswereencouragedbytheadvancesintechnologyandsetupwindfarmsontheirland.→____________manyfarmerssetupwindfarmsontheirland.(分词短语作状语)考点4.disturbvt.干扰，打扰，使中断；使不安(教材P107)Basically,theyweremakingtoomuchnoiseintheirflatintheeveningsanditwasreallydisturbingus.总的来说，他们晚上在公寓里制造了太多的噪声，这真的打扰到了我们。【拓展】(1)bedisturbedby/at... 对……感到忧虑/不安bedisturbedtodosth. 对做某事感到不安bedisturbedthat... 担心……(2)disturbingadj. 使人烦恼的；令人不安的disturbancen. 扰乱，骚乱，不安【应用内化】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Sheisdisturbed__(hear)thatyouhavebeeninjuredintheaccident.(2)Hewaschargedwithcausinga(disturb)afterthegame.(3)Weweregreatlydisturbedglobalwarming.(4)(2022·全国乙卷)就我而言，这是一个令人不安的趋势。AsfarasI'mconcerned,itis____．(应用文写作之投稿)考点5.apologisevi.道歉，谢罪[佳句]Youshouldn'thavespokentoyourmotherinarudemanner.Youoweheranapologyimmediately.你不该对你母亲说话那么粗鲁。你应该马上向她道歉。【拓展】(1)apologisetosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉apologisetosb.that... 向某人道歉……(2)apologyn. 道歉makeanapologytosb.forsth.因某事向某人道歉accept/refuseone'sapology接受/拒绝某人的道歉owesb.anapology 应向某人道歉【应用内化】单句语法填空/同义替换(1)Everytimeheinterruptsme,healwaysmakesan(apologise)tome.(2)IapologizeyouforthedamageIhavedonetoyourbicycle.(3)Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshouldapologisetoherdeskmateforherbadbehaviour.→Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshould____________herbadbehaviour.考点6.impressionn.印象，感想[佳句]ThefirsttimeItouredZhangjiajie，Iwasdeeplyimpressedwithitsbeautifulscenery.第一次游览张家界时，它的美丽景色就给我留下了深刻的印象。【拓展】(1)leave/make/createa(n)...impressiononsb.给某人留下一个……的印象(2)impressv. 使印象深刻；使铭记；使意识到impresssth.on/uponsb.＝impresssb.withsth. 使某人牢记某事beimpressedby/at/with...对……印象深刻(3)impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的；感人的【应用内化】单句语法填空/句型转换(1)Mr.Li,aprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversity,willmakean(impress)speechinthehalltonight.(2)(impress)bythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.(3)Itriedtoimpresstheimportanceofimmediateactionthem.(4)Theteachersweremostimpressedyourperformanceintheexam.(5)Iimpressedhimwiththeimportanceofhiswork.→________________考点7.adoptvi.&vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等[佳句]Iwouldnothaveanyoneadoptmymodeofliving,eachshouldfindouthisownway,nothisneighbor'sorhisparents'.我不希望人们采纳我的生活方式，每一个人都应该发现自己的生活方式，不是邻居的，也不是他父母的。【拓展】(1)adoptedadj. 收养的anadoptedson 养子(2)adoptionn. 收养；采纳；采用(3)adaptv. 适应；改编adapt(...)to 适应beadaptedfrom... 由……改编【应用内化】单句语法填空/句式升级(1)(2022·全国乙卷)Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe(adopt)ofthesugartaxpolicy?(2)TheTVseriesisadaptedatruestoryandispopularwithyoungpeople.(3)His(adopt)sonwassaidtobeadmittedintothekeyuniversity,whichmadehimveryhappy.(4)Aftertheyadoptedanewmethod,theyworkedmoreefficiently.→________，theyworkedmoreefficiently.(分词短语作状语)考点8.freezevi.&vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结[佳句]Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.志愿者将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥这些食物，以便在路上用餐。(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)【拓展】(1)freezetodeath 冻死(2)freezingadj. 冰冻的；严寒的n. 冰点above/belowfreezing 在冰点以上/下freezingcold 极冷(3)frozenadj. 结冰的；冷冻的befrozenwith/in 吓/惊呆【应用内化】单句语法填空/句式升级(1)Itwassocoldthatthestream__(freeze)solid.(2)Youmightgetburiedandfreezedeathifyouarenotcareful.(3)Shegotusedtothe(freeze)weatherinAlaska.(4)Myheart(freeze)inmychestasIsawthetractorheadingtowardsthemotorway.(5)Shestaredathimandwasfrozenwithshock.(读后续写之心理描写)→Shestaredathim,____．(分词短语作状语)考点9.amazementn.吃惊，惊奇[佳句]WhenItoldhertheexcitingnews,shelookedatmeinamazement.当我告诉她那个令人兴奋的消息时，她惊讶地看着我。【拓展】(1)inamazement 惊讶地，吃惊地toone'samazement 使某人惊讶的是(2)amazedadj. 吃惊的；惊讶的beamazedat/by... 对……感到惊讶beamazedtodo... 做……很惊讶(3)amazingadj. 令人惊讶的【应用内化】单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Takingpicturesofpolarbearsis(amaze)butalsodangerous.(2)Wewerepletelyamazedthewonderandthegreatnessofnature.(3)Hearingmywords,thegirllookedatmeamazement.(4)(2023·全国乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I__(amaze)bytheco­existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.(5)Tomy(amaze),herememberedme.令我惊讶的是，这个小女孩居然能凭记忆把整首诗背出来。(6)____thatthelittlegirlwasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.(amazedadj.)(7)________thatthelittlegirlwasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.(amazingadj.)(8)______thelittlegirlwasabletorecitethewholepoemfrommemory.(amazementn．)考点10.burstinto突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)[佳句]WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitforwhateverhisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.当我把礼品卡递给他，说他可以用它来满足家人的任何需求时，他突然哭了起来。【拓展】(1)burstintotears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来burstoutcrying/laughing 突然哭/笑起来burstwithanger 勃然大怒(2)burstwithjoy 欣喜若狂aburstof 一阵【应用内化】单句语法填空/词汇升级(1)Weallburstcryingonhearinghisheartbreakingstory.(2)Whensheheardthenewsthathersonwonthegame,sheburstjoy.(3)Theboyburstinto(laugh)immediatelyhesawhismother.(4)Hisappearanceontheplatformwasgreetedwithaburstapplause.(5)Onhearingthefunnywordsfromherson,sheimmediatelylaughed.→Onhearingthefunnywordsfromherson,she________．考点11.despairn.绝望vi.绝望；失去希望；丧失信心[佳句]Don'tdespair!We'llthinkofawayoutofthis.别灰心！我们会找到出路的。【拓展】(1)indespair 绝望地thedespairof 令……毫无办法的人或物(2)despairingadj. 感到绝望的；不顾一切的；无望的(3)despairinglyadv. 绝望地；自暴自弃地【应用内化】单句语法填空/词汇升级(1)Myhandwritingwasthedespairmyteachers.(2)Iran(despairing)towardshimandhehuggedmetightly.(3)Afterrepeatedfailure,shegaveuptheattemptdespairingly.→Afterrepeatedfailure,shegaveuptheattempt__．(读后续写之心理描写)考点12.avarietyof各种各样的(教材P18)Therewereawidevarietyofacts,mostofwhichweresinginganddancing.表演种类繁多，其中大部分是唱歌和跳舞。【拓展】(1)avarietyof＝varietiesof种种；各种各样的(2)varyv. 变化；改变varyfrom...to... 由……到……不等varywith... 随……变化(3)variousadj. 各种各样的；不同的【应用内化】单句语法填空/词汇升级(五育并举之体育)(1)(2022·全国甲卷)Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantin(variety)countries.(2)Thepricesofsomevegetablesvarytheseason.(3)Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatshop(be)surprising.(4)Inmyfreetime,I'dliketotakeexercise,suchasswimming,runningandallkindsofballgames.→Inmyfreetime,I'dliketotakeexercise,suchasswimming,runningand______ballgames.(应用文写作之体育运动)[联想发散]“avarietyof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；“thevarietyof＋名词复数”，意为“……的品种/种类”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。考点13.appealvi.有吸引力vi.&vt.呼吁，恳请；上诉n．呼吁，恳求[佳句]Wearemakinganappealtoanyonewhosawtheboytokeepintouchwithus.我们恳请任何看到过这个男孩的人与我们保持联系。【拓展】(1)appealtosb.forsth./todosth.呼吁某人某事/做某事appealtosb. 吸引某人；投某人所好(2)makeanappealtosb.forsth./todosth.为某事向某人提出呼吁/恳求某人做某事(3)appealingadj. 吸引人的；恳求的【应用内化】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Thepolicearemakinganappealthepublicforinformationaboutthecrime.(2)Sporthasbeeanimportantformofentertainment，(appeal)tobothmenandwomen.(3)短片将帮助我们学生更好地了解学校的历史，并呼吁我们为学校的发展做出贡献。Theshortfilmwillhelpusstudentsknowtheschool'shistorybetterand__________________ourschool'sdevelopment.(应用文写作之学校活动)(4)在英国度假对我来说并不特别有吸引力。SpendingtheholidaysinBritainwasn'taprospectthat______．考点14.envyn.羡慕，忌妒vt.羡慕，妒忌【拓展】(1)envysb.(for)... (因……)羡慕/妒忌某人……envysb.doing... 羡慕/妒忌某人做……(2)betheenvyof... 成为妒忌/羡慕的对象outofenvy 出于忌妒/羡慕withenvy 妒忌地/羡慕地(3)enviousadj. 羡慕的；妒忌的beenviousof... 羡慕……；妒忌……【应用内化】单句语法填空/句型转换(1)Shewas(envy)ofthegirlwhowasgivingaspeechthere.(2)Ienvyyou(have)suchaclosefamily.(3)Helookedenvyathisneighbour'snewcar.(4)Weallenvyyourgoodhealth.→Weall________．(envyvt.)→Weall________．(envyvt.)→Yourgoodhealth________all.(envyn．)[联想发散]envy后可接单宾语，也可接双宾语，但不接that从句。考点15.releasevt.&n．发表，发布，发行；释放；免除，解雇；发泄，宣泄；发行物[佳句]Withthereleaseofthelatestversionofthesoftware,userscanhaveeasyaccesstosearchingforthelatestinformation.随着这个软件的最新版本的发行，用户们能够很容易搜集最新信息。【拓展】releasesb.from... 把某人从……释放出来【应用内化】写出下列句中release的词性及含义/完成句子(1)Sheburstintotears,releasingallherdepressedemotions.(2)It'sreportedthathisnewalbumistobereleasednextMonday.(3)Theclubisreleasingsomeofitsolderplayers.(4)Thegovernmenthasbeenworkingtosecurethereleaseofthehostages.(5)Ofthenewreleasesthatareonshow,whichdoyouthinkarereallygood？(6)消防员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。Firefighterstooktwohours__________________．考点16.forgivenessn.原谅，宽恕[佳句]Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.原谅自己所犯的错误。【拓展】【应用内化】单句语法填空/同义替换(1)I'llneverforgiveyouwhatyoudidtomelastnight.(2)Forgiveothers,andyou____(forgive).(3)Pleaseforgivemeforinterrupting，butIreallydon'tagreewiththat.→Please______butIreallydon'tagreewiththat.考点17.debtn.债务，欠款[佳句]IoweadebtofthankstoJoyceThompson,whosecarefulandableresearchwasofgreathelp.我衷心感谢乔伊斯·汤普森，他严谨而卓著的研究给予了我极大的帮助。【拓展】(1)indebt(tosb.) 欠(某人的)债，负债outofdebt 还清债务getintodebt 陷入债务(2)payoff(one's)debts 还清(某人的)债务owesb.adebt 欠某人一笔债；欠某人人情oweadebtofgratitude/thanks衷心感谢【应用内化】语段填空/完成句子(1)He'sindebtthebankbecauseheboughtthatbighouse.(2)为了还清他们所有的债务，这对夫妇夜以继日地努力工作。Thecoupleworkedharddayandnight______________．(3)他穷的时候欠了债，但自从他变得富有后他就还清了债务。He____whenhewaspoor,buthe________sincehegotrich.考点18.interruptvi.&vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰[佳句]Stormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequicklyinterruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)【拓展】(1)beinterruptedby... 被……打断interrupt...with... 因……打断……(2)interruptionn. 打扰；插嘴；障碍物withoutinterruption 连续地；不断地【应用内化】单句语法填空/选词填空(interrupt/disturb)/完成句子(1)Let'sgosomewherewherewecantalkwithout(interrupt).(2)Itisnotpolitetointerruptaspeakerfrequentquestions.(3)Playingwithmobilephonesinclasscanotherstudents'study.(4)Wehavetoyou,becauseyourspeechhasgonebeyondthetimelimit.(5)我方能始终供应这些公司每月所需的数量，从无间断。Wehavealwaysbeenabletosupplythesefirmswiththeirmonthlyrequirements__．[联想发散](1)interrupt意为“中断、打断”，主要指对别人的谈话或某一活动的打扰，使对方的活动停下来或不能继续；(2)disturb意为“扰乱”，主要指使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的打扰。考点19.once引导时间状语从句(教材P9)Oncetheparcelhadbeenreceivedbythisperson,he/shewouldsendtheparcelontoacontactoftheirsuntiltheparcelcouldbepersonallydeliveredtothecorrectperson.一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再寄给认识的人，直到包裹被送到目标收件人手中。[佳句]Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye­mail,soyoucanpickitup.一旦你要的书被送到最近的分店，他们就会通过电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以来取了。【拓展】once引导时间状语从句，意为“一……便、一旦、一经”，相当于assoonas，从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如果once引导的从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的“主语＋be”可以省略。【应用内化】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Onceyouunderstandthisrule,you__(have)nofurtherdifficulty.(2)Once(form),abadhabitisveryhardtogetridof.(3)一旦发行，这部电视剧将会很受年轻人的欢迎。________theTVplaywillbeverypopularwithyoungpeople.考点20.“getsth.done”结构(教材P9)Amazingly,itonlytookbetweenfiveandsevenpeopletogettheparcelsdelivered.令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5到7个人就能送到正确的人手中。[佳句]Shegotherglassesbrokenwhenplayingbasketballwithherfriends.当她和朋友打篮球时，她把她的眼镜打碎了。【拓展】(1)“get/havesth.done”结构中的过去分词作宾补，表示被动含义，该结构意为“使某事被做”，有时意为“请人做某事”或“某人遭遇某事”；(2)getsb.todosth.意为“让某人做某事”，表示经常性的动作或某次具体的动作，宾语是动作的执行者，也可说havesb.dosth.；(3)get/havesb./sth.doingsth.意为“让某人一直做某事或让某事(物)处于某种状态”。【应用内化】单句语法填空/完成句子(1)Don'tworry.I'llhaveit(type)andgetsomeone__(send)ittoyoutomorrow.(2)You'dbettergotothedoctorandgetyourbody(examine).(3)我的电视机出毛病了，我必须让人给检查一下。ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTVset.Imust____．(4)没有必要担心，我会叫汤姆去机场接你。Thereisnoneedtoworry.Iwill__________________attheairport.考点21.强调句型(教材P9)Itwasthisresearchthatinspiredthephrase“SixDegreesofSeparation”．正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。[佳句]WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotangry?是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？【拓展】(1)强调句型的构成：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...，当被强调部分为主语时，句子的谓语动词与被强调的主语保持一致。当被强调部分为主语且主语为人时，用who，其他情况用that。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who...?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that...?(4)对“not...until...”进行强调时，应使用句型“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”；当notuntil...置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。【应用内化】单句语法填空/句式升级(1)Somegreatpeoplesaidthatitwastheirprimaryschoolteachersandthelessonstheywerefondofinfluencedtheirwholelives.(2)Itwasmysisterboughtanicedressinthesupermarketlastnight.(3)Ididn'trealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasteduntilIbegantowork.→____________________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.(强调句型)[联想发散]强调谓语动词时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。考点22.“Thereisnoneedtodo...”意为“没有必要做……”(教材P14)Well,well,there'snoneedtocrysoaboutit.好啦，好啦，没有必要为这事儿哭成这样。[佳句]Thereisanurgentneedtoofferfoodandclothestopeopleinthedisasterarea.(我们)急需为灾区人民提供食物和衣服。【拓展】(1)Thereisnoneed(forsb.)todosth.(某人)没有必要做某事。Thereisnoneedforsth.没有必要做某事。Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.做某事是没有意义的。Thereisnosense(in)doingsth.做某事是不明智的。Thereisnohopeofdoingsth.做某事是没有希望的。Thereisnopossibilitythat...做……是不可能的。Thereisnodoubtthat... 毫无疑问……There/Itisnousedoingsth.做某事是没用的。(2)inneedof... 有……的需要inneed 在危难中；需要帮助的【应用内化】单句语法填空/句式升级(1)Miketoldmethathisbusinesswasinajamandhewasurgentneedofmoney.(2)Insteadofshoutingemptyslogans,itismoremeaningfultodonatebooksandsportsgoodstochildrenneed.(应用文写作之建议信)(3)What'smore,childrendon'tneedtostayupallnightstudyingeveryday.→What'smore,______________________everyday.考点23.asif/though引导方式状语从句(教材P15)“You'renoteatinganything，”saidMarillasharply,eyingherasifitwereaseriousproblem.“你什么都没吃，”玛丽拉盯着她严厉地说，好像这是个严重的问题。[佳句]Hurryup!Itlooksasifthetrainisgoingtomove.快点！看起来火车好像要开了。【拓展】asif/though可引导表语从句和状语从句，其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。(1)asif/though引导的从句若表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could＋动词原形”。(2)若从句所表示的内容与事实相符，则使用陈述语气。(3)asif/though引导的从句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名词、动词不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词。【应用内化】单句语法填空/句型转换(1)IstillremembermyfirsttriptotheMountTaiasifit(be)yesterday.(2)Jackwassayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhe__(do)somethingveryclever.(3)Thetennisplayerislyingonthefloorasif(hurt)badly.(4)Shestoodupandraisedherhandasifshewasgoingtosaysomething.→Shestoodupandraisedherhandasif____．[联想发散]asif/though引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。考点24.完全倒装(教材P15)Inonecornerwasthebed,ahigh,old­fashionedoneofdarkwood.角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。[佳句]Look!HereesBus607anditwilltakeustotheshoppingmall.看！607路公交车来了，它会带我们去购物中心。【拓展】使用完全倒装的情况：(1)表示地点、时间等的介词短语放在句首，且主语是名词时，一般要用完全倒装；(2)表示方向、地点或时间的副词in、out、down、up、off、back、away、overthere、now、then、here、first等放在句首，且主语是名词时，应用完全倒装；(3)有时为了保持句子平衡或强调表语，常将作表语的形容词、介词短语、动词­ed形式及动词­ing形式置于句首，构成完全倒装。【应用内化】句型转换/完成句子(1)Wildflowersweregrowingoverthemountain,whosenameshedidn'tknow.→______________whosenameshedidn'tknow.(2)窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。______________withamagazineinhishand.(3)这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。__________whichyouareweletovisitwheneveratyourconvenience.[联想发散](1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数保持一致；(2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。考点25.现在分词(短语)作后置定语(教材P18)Peopleattendingtheeventweremainlyfamilies.参加活动的人主要是家庭成员。[佳句]LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmailwaitingforher.劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她回到家的时候，有一大堆邮件在等着她(处理)。【拓展】现在分词(短语)作定语，相当于一个定语从句，现在分词(短语)与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动、进行。单个现在分词作定语要前置，现在分词短语作定语要后置。【应用内化】单句语法填空/句式升级(1)Therearetwofactors(determine)anindividual'sintelligence.(2)Atbreak,Mr.Connerygotdowntodealingwiththematters(arise)fromhisclass.(3)EveryweekIwouldreceivehisletterwhichtoldmeallabouthisschoollife.→EveryweekIwouldreceivehisletter____________．(现在分词短语作后置定语)考点26.倍数表达(教材P22)Yes,IcanofferthecourttwicetheamountofAntonio'sdebt.是的，我可以向法庭提供两倍于安东尼奥的债务。[佳句]CoveringanareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)【拓展】倍数的常用三种表达形式：(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词的原级＋as＋B；(2)A＋be＋倍数＋形容词的比较级＋than＋B；(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/height/...)＋of＋B；(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句【应用内化】单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimesitwastenyearsago.(2)Themetalboxisthreetimes(heavy)thantheplasticone.那架飞机飞得比风筝高十倍。(3)Theplaneflew______thekite.(than)(4)Theplaneflew________thekite.(as...as)(5)Theplaneflew________thekite.(height)一．语法精讲——过去时态的被动语态观察句子Thisisaninterestingnovelwhich①waswrittenbyafamouswriterinthe1940s.Itwassoattractivethatitattractedmanyreaders.Onceit②hadbeentranslatedintomanyotherlanguages,itbecameoneofthebest­sellersintheworld.Soonthenovel③wasbeingreadacrosstheworld.我的领悟1．加黑处①、②、③均为过去时态的语态。2．加黑处①为一般过去时的被动语态，其基本结构为：。3．加黑处③为过去进行时的被动语态，其基本结构为：__。4．加黑处②为过去完成时的被动语态，其基本结构为：__。INCLUDEPICTURE"要义详析lll.TIF"INCLUDEPICTURE"../../../要义详析lll.TIF"INCLUDEPICTURE"../../../要义详析lll.TIF"语法知识精讲一、过去时态的被动语态的形式及意义1．一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，其基本结构为was/were＋过去分词。*Wasthisdeskmadebyyourfather?这张桌子是你的爸爸做的吗？*Manytreesandflowerswereplantedinourschoollastyear.去年我们学校种了许多树和花。2．过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时刻正在进行或者发生的被动动作，其基本结构为was/werebeing＋过去分词。*AnotherbridgewasbeingbuiltovertheYangtzeRiverthen.那时长江上正在建造另一座大桥。*Wasanewlibrarybeingputupintheirschooljustthen?他们学校当时正在建一座新的图书馆吗？3．过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某个时间以前已经完成的被动动作，常与by、before等引导的时间状语连用，其基本结构为hadbeen＋过去分词。*Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstperiodhadbeenfinished.当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。*Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?飓风结束时有多少建筑物被摧毁了？[对点练习1]——单句语法填空(1)puter____(major)byhimduringhiscollege.(2)Themarathon__(introduce)inthemodernOlympicGamesin1896.(3)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones______(notinvent)yet.(4)Lastyear,manytrees__(plant)alongthestreetstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.(5)Themediareportedmorethan1，000people____(kill)intheearthquake.二、使用过去时态的被动语态应注意的几个问题1．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态，系动词be、feel、seem、look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，在句中作表语，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。*IwasinterestedinmathematicswhenIwasyoung.小时候我对数学很感兴趣。*Heseemedunsatisfiedwithhisworksohesoughthelpfromtheboss.他似乎对自己的工作不满意，因此他向老板求助。2．“was/were＋in/on/under等＋名词”结构与过去进行时的被动语态表示相同的含义。*Thebridgewasunderconstructionatthattime.那时这座大桥正在建设中。*HisdrawingswereonexhibitionattheHaywardGallerythistimelastyear.去年这个时候，他的画作正在海沃德画廊展出。3．带复合宾语的动词作谓语的主动句在变被动语态时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。在主动语态中，make、hear、see等词后接动词不定式要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，要还原to。*Hiswordsmademethrowup.→Iwasmadetothrowupbyhiswords.他的话令我作呕。4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义。read、write、act、iron、burn、cut、draw、drive、sell、wash、clean、wear、open、cook、lock、shut、dry、eat、drink等动词用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时，用主动语态表示被动含义，且常与well、easily、badly、nicely等副词连用。*Bikesofthatkindsoldwelllastyear.去年那种自行车卖得好。5．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句在变为被动语态时，可将表物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。*Myfatherwastellingmeaninterestingstoryatthistimeyesterday.→Aninterestingstorywasbeingtoldtomebymyfatheratthistimeyesterday.→Iwasbeingtoldaninterestingstorybymyfatheratthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候，我的爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。6．动词短语在主动句中是不可分割的，在被动句中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。*Suchabadhabitshouldbegotridof.这样的坏习惯应该改掉。[对点练习2]——完成句子/句型转换(1)女售货员告诉我这种布容易洗。Thesaleswomantoldmethat__________．(主动形式表示被动意义)(2)Welookedafterthechildrenverywellintheschool.→Thechildren__________________．(被动语态)(3)Someonesawthisboyelatethismorning.→Thisboy________________．(被动语态)(4)Duringthemonthwhenthehousewasbeingrepaired,welivedwithourcousinsnextdoor.→__________________welivedwithourcousinsnextdoor.随堂练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thestoneunderherfeetrolled,andasshe____(pull)intotheriver,shecalledoutforhelp.2．Themanagerfoundthathisoffice____(break)intothedaybefore.3．Lisahadtohavehercarrepairedinagaragebecauseit____(damage)seriously.4．WhenIgottohishouse,Ifoundthatthewalls____(paint).5．Themomentshe__(declare)thewinneroftheEnglishspeechpetition,shejumpedwithjoy.6．Thelettersfortheboss__(put)onhisdeskbuthedidn'treadthemuntilthreedayslater.7．Awindowinourclassroomwasbrokenwhenit____(clean).8．Theyoungscholarcametolifeaftergreatefforts____(make)tosavehislife.9．Johnsonriskedhislifesavinghisdaughterwho____(trap)inthewater.10．Afterschoolwewenttothereading­roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit____(decorate).Ⅱ.语法与写作1．这首歌已经被翻译成了二十多种外语。Thissong__________20foreignlanguages.2．这位农民说他们在暴风雪中被困时，解放军战士及时赶来营救。ThefarmersaidthePLAsoldierscametorescuetimely______________．3．史密斯先生今天早上不得不乘公共汽车去上班，因为他的汽车正在被修理。Mr.Smithhadtogotoworkbybusthismorning__________．4．这些花很可爱，很快就被卖完了。Theflowersweresolovelythat____________.5．昨天我们匆忙赶到火车站，结果却被告知我们的火车推迟了。Wehurriedtotherailwaystationyesterday____________________．写作一应用文写作——新闻报道典题呈现假定你是某国际学校的校英语报的记者李华，最近你校组织十个留学生到敬老院陪老人们过重阳节。请按下列要点用英语写一篇新闻报道：1.时间、地点；2.活动内容：打扫卫生、表演节目；3.同学们的体会。参考词汇：敬老院(nursinghome)；重阳节(theDoubleNinthFestival)注意：1.词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。审题谋篇第一步：审题构思很关键第二步：补全句子雏形现1．在重阳节这一天，十个留学生去拜访了敬老院。OntheDoubleNinthFestival,tenforeignstudents______．2．这十个留学生在我们学校学习。Thetenforeignstudents________．3．他们早上八点乘车出发去敬老院，半小时后到达。They__________bybusat8：00a.m.andarrivedhalfanhourlater.4．一到达，他们就开始帮助老人们打扫房间。