第一部分 必修第三册 UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES

第一部分过透教材必修第三册UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES20XX目

录Contents01基础帮默写自测02教材帮核心突破03高考帮题型对接04练习帮课时提能

基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.

n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质2.

vi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的3.

adj.珍稀的；宝贵的4.

n.协会；联合会；工会5.

vt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用6.

n.同事；同僚7.

n.诊所；门诊部8.

adj.遥远的9.

n.十年；十年期virtue

faint

precious

union

hire

colleague

clinic

faraway

decade

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ10.

adv.在别处；去别处11.

vt.发表(作品)；出版12.

n.员工；全体职员13.

n.专业服务费；报酬14.

n.道德原则；法则；原则15.

adj.被动的；顺从的16.

vt.接替；取代；更换17.

vi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)18.

n.子夜；午夜19.

vt.&vi.咬；叮；蜇

n.咬elsewhere

publish

staff

fee

principle

passive

replace

whisper

midnight

bite

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ20.

n.嘴唇21.

n.主席；主持人；董事长22.

n.(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者23.

vt.&vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出24.

vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走25.

n.眼泪；泪水26.

n.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望27.

n.(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭28.

n.收入；收益29.

prep.每；每一30.

adv.因此；所以lip

chairman

waitress

spill

limp

tear

despair

court

income

per

therefore

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.拓展单词——通其变1.

vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→

n.插图；

图解；图示→

n.插图画家2.

n.结婚；婚姻→

vi.&vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶3.

adj.主要的；重要的→

n.大部分；大多数4.

vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→

n.抱怨5.

vt.回答；回复

vi.做出反应；回应→

n.反应；回答；回复6.

n.学者→

n.奖学金7.

vt.拒绝接受；不录用→

n.拒绝接受；否决illustrate

illustration

illustrator

marriage

marry

major

majority

complain

complaint

respond

response

scholar

scholarship

reject

rejection

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ8.

vt.任命；委派→

n.约会；任命→

adj.约

定的；指定的9.

vt.选举；推选→

n.选举；推选；当选10.

vt.照顾；照料

vi.倾向；趋于→

n.趋势；趋向11.

vt.&vi.退休；退职；退出→

adj.退休的

→

n.退休12.

vt.救

vi.&vt.节省；储蓄→

n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄

金；存款13.

vt.惊吓；使害怕

vi.受惊吓→

adj.害怕的；对······感到惊慌或

恐惧的→

adj.恐怖的；吓人的appoint

appointment

appointed

elect

election

tend

tendency

retire

retired

retirement

save

saving

scare

scared

scary

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ14.

adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→

adv.急剧

地；严厉地→

vt.削尖；磨快

vi.&vt.(使)提高15.

n.精力；活力；能量→

adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的16.

n.事故；车祸；失事→

adj.意外的；偶然的

→

adv.意外地；偶然地17.

vi.工作；运转；动手术

vt.操作→

n.手术；企业；经营

→

n.操作员18.

vt.帮助；援助→

n.帮助；协助→

n.助手；助

理；售货员19.

n.记忆力；回忆→

vt.记住；记忆sharp

sharply

sharpen

energy

energetic

accident

accidental

accidentally

operate

operation

operator

assist

assistance

assistant

memory

memorize/memorise

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ20.

n.&vt.伤害；损害→

adj.有害的→

adj.无害的21.

adj.灵活的；可变通的→

adv.灵活地→

n.灵

活性22.

adj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的→

n.紧张关系；

紧张；焦虑harm

harmful

harmless

flexible

flexibly

flexibility

tense

tension

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.阅读单词——晓其意1.moral

adj.

n.

⁠2.dilemma

n.

⁠3.entrust

vt.

⁠4.physician

n.

⁠5.kindergarten

n.

⁠6.insurance

n.

⁠7.import

n.

vt.

⁠8.export

n.

vt.

⁠9.pole

n.

⁠道德的；道义上的品行；道德；寓意进退两难的境地；困境委托；交付医师；

(尤指)内科医生学前班；幼儿园保险；保险业进口；进口商品进口；输入；引进出口；出口商品出口；输出；传播(行星的)极；地极ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ10.lap

n.

⁠11.chain

n.

⁠12.café

n.

⁠13.pregnant

adj.

⁠14.disguise

vt.

n.

⁠15.maple

n.

⁠16.cart

n.

⁠17.might

n.

⁠18.fable

n.

⁠(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈一连串(人或事)；链子；链条咖啡馆；小餐馆怀孕的；妊娠的装扮；假扮；掩盖伪装；化装用具枫树；槭树手推车；运货马车力量；威力寓言；寓言故事ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅣ.核心短语——明搭配1.

帮助某人渡过难关2.

易于做某事；往往会发生某事3.

发挥关键作用4.

关心5.

对······负责6.

作为······而出名7.

在某人一生中8.

去世9.

作为对······的纪念carrysb.throughsth.

tendtodosth.

playakeyrole

carefor

beresponsiblefor

beknownas

inone’slifetime

passaway

inmemoryof

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ10.

被······绊倒11.

流着泪；含着泪12.

处于绝望中13.

大量14.

调查；研究15.

抱怨tripover

intears

indespair

agreatdeal(of)

lookinto

complainabout

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.经典句式——会运用1.Toaperson

...(＂否定词＋比较级＂表示

最高级意义)对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了······2.Sheresponded，＂

tostudyallmylife！＂(wouldratherdo)她回答说：＂我宁愿保持单身来学习一辈子！＂3.ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChina

.(see意

为＂见证＂的拟人用法)新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。nothingismorepreciousthantheirlife

I’dratherstaysingle

sawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ4.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe＂motheroften

thousandbabies＂，

⁠inher

lifetime.(havingdone作状语)尽管林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为＂万婴之母＂。她一生中接生了5万多个婴儿。5.DrLin

，22April1983.(not...until)林医生直到1983年4月22日去世那天才退休。havingdeliveredover50，000babies

didnotretireuntilthedayshedied

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本单元词汇)1.Asisknowntous，it’sa

(美德)togiveahandtothoseinneed，especially

insuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.2.Shewonthe

(奖学金)forherremarkableperformance.3.Ican’twaittoseizethis

(宝贵的)opportunitytoimprovemyself.4.Hegaveupthestrugglewithhisshortcomingsin

；however，hefounda

brighterfuturelater.5.Firstofall，it’seasierto

⁠itthantospendtimeandmoneyrepairingit.virtue

scholarship

precious

despair

replace

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Theyoungwomanisoperatingastoreofherown，soshehasrather

⁠

workinghours.Shecancomeatanytime.7.Inthepastfew

，greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthefieldofspace

exploration.8.We

himasmonitorofourclassbyvoting.flexible

decades

elected

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Hetriedtojointhearmybut

becauseofhis

⁠ofmedical

examinations.(reject)2.Girls

⁠inEnglishLiteratureinourdepartmentarein

the

.(major)3.Theboyisalways

.I’mcurioustoknowwherehis

⁠comes

from.(energy)4.He

tousthathis

aboutthepoorserviceofthe

restauranthadbeenignored.(complain)wasrejected

rejection

majoring

majority

energetic

energy

complained

complaint

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Wewereall

todeathwhenwefoundthegroundwasshaking.It’s

so

！

(scare)6.Thegrouphasto

apoemin

⁠ofthegreatleaderbynext

Monday.(memory)7.Doctors

ontheinjuredpersonimmediately，andthe

⁠was

verysuccessful.(operate)8.Whenthemanagerneededsomeone

him，his

⁠cameto

his

.(assist)scared

scary

memorize

memory

operated

operation

toassist

assistant(s)

assistance

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子inmemoryof

tendtodo

tripover

carrysb.through

agreatdealof1.MrsMeredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespent

⁠

timevisitingthepoor.2.Whenpeoplebeginanewstageoflife，they

⁠somethingdifferent.3.Wewillbuildamonument

thosewhosacrificedtheirlivesforour

country.4.It’stough，andwe’rerelyingonyouto

⁠.5.HetriedtofollowJack’sfootstepsinthesnowbut

⁠astone.agreatdealof

tendtodo

inmemoryof

carryusthrough

trippedover

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.句式仿写1.当我筋疲力尽的时候，没有什么比听莫扎特的音乐更让我高兴的了。(＂否定词＋

比较级＂表示最高级意义)

listeningtoMozart’smusicalpieceswhenI’m

exhausted.2.他宁愿放弃这个机会也不愿意伤害别人。(wouldratherdo)

⁠hurtothers.Nothinggivesmemorepleasurethan

Hewouldrathergiveuptheopportunitythan

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.这个又老又破的体育场已经见证了他们从童年起二十年的悲欢。(see意为＂见

证＂的拟人用法)Thisoldandshabbystadium

⁠fortwentyyearssince

childhood.4.把碎片粘在一起后，查尔斯表现得像平常一样，焦急地等待着他父亲的归来。

(havingdone作状语)

，Charlesactedasnormal，waitingforhis

father’sreturnanxiously.5.直到那时，我才意识到宽恕的重要性。

(not...until)

⁠hasseentheirsadnessandjoy

Havinggluedthebrokenpiecestogether

Ididn’trealizetheimportanceofforgivenessuntilthen.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

LifeisprecioustoLinQiaozhi，whohaddeliveredover50，000babiesinher

lifetime.Whenpeopleentrustedherwiththeirlives，itwashervirtuethatcarried

her

through

decadesofhardchoices.Whenshewas18，shechosetostudymedicineinstead

ofenteringintoamarriagelikethemajorityofgirls.Unfortunately，herbrother

respondednegativelytoherchoice，

complainingaboutthehightuition

fees.

However，nothingcouldscareheroff.Aftergraduation，LinQiaozhiwona

scholarshipandwasappointedasaresident

physicianinafamoushospital.Afterafewyears，shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthentheUS，whereshegreatlyimpressedhercolleagues，whoinvitedhertostaybutwererejected，forshewasdeterminedtoreturntoChina.Thenduringthewar，sheopenedherownclinictoshieldtheinjuredfromharm.AfterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina，shewaselectedtomanyimportantpositions，butthisdidn’tweakenherinterestatallintendingpatientsandtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctorswhocouldreplaceher.DrLindidn’tretireuntilthedayshepassed

away.

Duringherwholelife，DrLinpublished

a

great

deal

ofmedicalresearch，

leavingmassivewealthtotheworld，andhersavingswereusedonchildrenandmedical

development.In

memory

ofhercontributions，amemorialparkwasbuiltin1984on

KulangsuIsland.

1.respond

vt.&

vi.

回答，回复(reply)

vi.作出反应，回应(react)1.[外研选必②-6]Temperaturesarerising，andnationsarefailingtorespond

⁠it.2.[译林选必④-2]Moreimportantly，whetheryouapproveofthespeaker’swordsor

not，youneedtobehonestinyour

(respond).3.我写信是响应网站上发布的通知，申请一份城市篮球比赛的志愿工作。(申请信)to

response

I’mwritingtoapplyforavoluntaryjobintheCityBasketballCompetition

⁠

⁠.inresponse

tothenoticepostedonthewebsite

★respondto...(with...)(以······)回答/响应······★responsen.回答，答复；反应；响应inresponseto作为对······的答复；响应2.tend

vt.&

vi.照顾；照料(attend

to，

care

for，

look

after，

take

care

of)

vi.往往

会；倾向；趋于1.[译林必修②-2]Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletend

(have)better

immunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.2.Thereisawidespread

(tend)thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechoose

onlineshoppingratherthangotobrick-and-mortarstores(实体店)tobuywhatthey

like.(引入话题)tohave

tendency

此处that引导同位语从句，作tendency的同位语。教师尊享·点拨

3.EverytimeIgettiredofstudying，

(照料花儿)onthe

balconymakesmefeelenergeticagain.tending(to)theflowers

4.然而，许多人往往会以成败论英雄。→①However，manypeople

⁠apersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.

(tend)→②However，manypeople

⁠apersonbyhis/hersuccess

orfailure.(tendency)tendtojudge

haveatendencytojudge

教师尊享·点拨主句谓语为makes，所以空处应填非谓语形式作主语，且此处表示习惯性的动

作，所以用v-ing作主语。★tend(to)sb./sth.照料某人/某物tendtodosth.往往会发生某事；易于做某事tendto/towards...趋向于······★tendencyn.倾向；趋势haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向tendencyto/towards...······的倾向

★其他表示＂趋势＂的词：trend，current，tide3.scare

vt.惊吓；使害怕

vi.受惊吓1.Someparentstrytoscaretheirnaughtychildren

behavingthemselves.2.Afterwatchinga

film，shewas

inthedarkatmidnight.(scare)3.[外研选必①-1]Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain，her

(scare)and

anxiouslookhasbeenreplaced—firstbyasmallsmile，andthenbyloudlaughter...4.Scared

losingcontroloftheirlife，somepeopletendtofollowthepaththat

otherssuggestbecausetheyarescared

(fail).5.WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，I

⁠

(几乎要吓死了).(读后续写之心理描写)into

scary

scared

scared

of

tofail

wasnearlyscaredto

death

★scaresb.away/off把某人吓跑scaresb.intodoingsth.恐吓某人做某事★scaredadj.害怕的bescaredof(doing)sth.害怕(做)某事bescaredtodosth.害怕做某事bescaredtodeath害怕得要死★scaryadj.恐怖的，吓人的4.replace

vt.接替；取代；更换；把······放回原处1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①Youhavetoreplacethebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave.

⁠②[译林必修②-2]Inresponsetopublicinterest，ouraerobicsclasshasbeen

replacedwith

severalfunoptions，includingmoderndance.

⁠把······放回原处取代2.我强烈推荐我的朋友李明，他是最适合下周代替鲍勃的人。(推荐信)IstronglyrecommendmyfriendLiMing，whois

⁠

⁠Bobnextweek.themostsuitablepersonto

replace/taketheplaceof

★replaceA(with/byB)

(用B)接替/取代A★replacementn.[U]替换，更换；[C]替代品

replaceableadj.可替换的；可代替的★＂代替，取代＂的其他表达：inplaceofsb.＝inone’splacetakeone’splace＝taketheplaceofsb.5.harm

n.&

vt.伤害；损害1.[北师选必①-3]High-tensionpowerlines，aswellasclear-cutcorridors，pipelines，

roadsofrocksandpaintedlinesonthegrounddonoharm

⁠animals.2.NotonlycontinuedAntarctictourismbutalsotheintroductionof

some

(harm)foreignthingscouldthreatenthebalanceofthelocalecosystem.(环境保护)to

harmful

4.

(关上灯没有害处)whenyougoout.5.花太多时间上网会损害我们的视力。(个人观点)Thereisnoharminturningoffthelight

3.Theexperiencedphysicianprescribedthepregnantwomansomemedicine

(harm)toherbaby.harmless

Spendingtoomuchtimeonlinecan

⁠.harm/doharmto/beharmfultooureyesight

教师尊享·点拨句意：医生给孕妇开了一些对孩子无害的药。高考语法填空题中，若提示词为

名词，需要变成形容词时，还要根据语境看空处是表示否定意义还是肯定意义。★dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处。★harmfuladj.有害的

beharmfulto...对······有害

★harmlessadj.无害的6.carry

sb.

through

(sth.)

帮助某人渡过难关1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough.

⁠②Inthepasttoughyears，hisdeterminationhascarriedhimthrough.

⁠

⁠成功完成(工作)

帮助

他渡过难关③Hehasprovedhecancarrythroughonhispromises.履行他的承诺教师尊享·点拨

through可以作介词，后接名词；也可以作副词，后不接任何成分。

⁠2.[外研必修②-6]Carry

thesurveyandusetheresultstocomeupwithwaysto

reducecarbonfootprint.3.[人教必修③-4]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarrying

⁠

spaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.4.Withhercompanyandcontinualencouragement，Isuccessfullywentthroughthose

toughyears.out

on

→

⁠

(强调句型)Itwashercompanyandcontinualencouragementthatcarriedmethroughthosetough

years.

gothrough在此处意为＂经历，经受(尤指苦难或艰难时期)＂，除此之外，还可

表示＂检查；通读，查阅；(法律、协议、决定)获得通过＂。5.大海的气味勾起了她童年的回忆。Thesmellofthesea

⁠.★carrysth.through成功完成某事carrythrough(on/withsth.)履行(承诺)

★carryon继续，坚持；继续移动carryoutsth.履行(诺言)；执行/完成(计划、研究等)carrysb.back(tosth.)使某人回想起(某事)；使某人回忆(某事)

carriedherbacktoherchildhood

教师尊享·点拨7.in

memory

of作为对······的纪念1.Thetextissoimportantthatweshould

(memory)it.memorize/memorise

-ize(-ise)为常见的动词后缀，如modernize，industrialize，globalize等。教师尊享·点拨

类似的＂in＋n.＋of＂型短语还有：inpraiseof称赞，歌颂；incelebrationof庆

祝；insearchof寻找；infavourof支持，赞同；inchargeof负责，管理；insupport

of支持；intermsof就······而言；inaidof为帮助；inhonourof向······表示敬意；in

needof需要。★memorise(NAmEmemorize)

vt.记住，熟记memorableadj.值得纪念的，难忘的memorialadj.纪念的，悼念的

n.纪念碑；纪念物2.Wewillholdaseriesofactivities

(纪念那些

勇敢的消防队员).inmemoryofthosebravefirefighters

教师尊享·点拨1.Agreatdealofnervoustensionbeforetheperformanceoften

(lead)toatotal

messonstage.2.Thistimehedroveagooddeal

(fast)sowedidn’tarrivelatelikelastSunday.leads

faster

8.a

great

deal

(of)

大量本句中没有明显的比较级标志词than，但由句首的Thistime和so后的句子可知此

处暗含比较意义，且空前有agooddeal修饰，故填fast的比较级。常见的修饰比较级

的词还有any，much，even，far，alot等。教师尊享·点拨

3.Youradviceandguidance

(对我们意义重大)inthe

EnglishDramaFestival.(感谢信)4.我花了大量时间阅读您推荐的相关文献，从中学到了很多。(感谢信)meanagreat/gooddealtous

I

relevantliteratureyourecommended，

fromwhichI

⁠.spentagreat/gooddealoftime(in)reading

havelearnedagreat/gooddeal

★agreat/gooddealof＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)

agreat/goodmanyof＋n.[C]＋v.(复数)★agreat/gooddeal(副词短语)

可修饰adj./adv.比较级，也可修饰v.。agreat/gooddeal(名词短语)意为＂大量，许多＂，作主语或宾语。9.＂否定词

＋

adj./adv.比较级＂表示最高级意义1.如果您能抽出一点时间给我一些指导，我将不胜感激。(求助信)I

ifyoucouldsparesometimetogivemesomeguidance.couldn’tbemoregrateful

＂不胜感激＂还可以用＂Ican’tthankyouenough＂表达。2.＂我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！＂妈妈满意地回答道。＂

！

＂Momrepliedinasatisfied

voice.I’veneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthis

教师尊享·点拨★此结构常译为＂没有比······更······，再······不过了＂。★常用的否定词有nothing，no，

not，never，nobody等。2.[外研选必②-3]Afterall，howmanyofustodaywouldrathersendamessagepacked

withemojis

makeatelephonecall？3.如今，人们宁愿用高科技产品来交流和消磨时间，也不愿与朋友及家人出去。→①Nowadays，people

byusinghi-tech

products

.(wouldrather)→②Nowadays，people

byusinghi-tech

products

.(prefer)than

wouldrathercommunicateandkilltime

thangooutwithfriendsandfamilies

prefertocommunicateandkilltime

ratherthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies

10.would

rather

do

sth.宁愿做某事1.It’ssohotoutside！Iwouldrather

(stay)athomedoinghousework.stay

★wouldrather为情态动词短语，后接动词原形。★wouldratherdosth.thandosth.(＝woulddosth.ratherthandosth.＝prefertodosth.

ratherthandosth.)宁愿做某事也不愿做某事

一对反义前缀：in-(im-)&ex-本单元：im-(向内)＋port(港口)→进入港口内→import进口

ex-(向外)＋port(港口)→到港口外→export出口

拓展：

从下列方框中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。

inside

include

involve

express

expose

exact1.[人教必修②-4]Anidiomisan

⁠whichmeanssomethingdifferentfrom

themeaningoftheindividualwords.2.[人教选必③-2]Forexample，someofthemmaybecome

⁠intobaccoor

alcoholabuse，whichcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.expression

involved

be/become/getinvolvedin...专心/沉迷于······。注意involve和include的区别：

involve表示＂包含；牵涉；(使)参加＂，而include表示＂包含；使成为······的一部

分＂。教师尊享·点拨

3.[北师必修③-9]Countriesneedtothinkaboutwaystoinspireinte