人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land 知识清单及单元自测（含答案）

【人教版高中英语】（新人教版）选修二Unit4知识清单及单元自测

一、词汇派生

1.pleasevt.&vi.（使..）高兴；（使....）满意

一pleasantadj.令人愉快的；友好的

—pleasedadj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的

一pleasuren.高兴（的事）

2.1iteraladj.照字面的；原义的

一literallyadv.字面上；真正地

3.breathn.呼吸的空气

一breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的

一■breathev.呼吸

4.freezevi.&vt.（froze,frozen）结冰；（使）冻住

一•fireezingadj极冷的；冰冻的；严寒的

-^-frozenadj.冷冻的;冷藏的

—>freezern.冰柜;冷冻室

5.anticipatevt.预料;预见；期望

一anticipationn.预期；期盼

6.duringprep.在.的期间；在....的时候

一durationn.持续时间；期间

二、一词多义

1.arisevi.

©Seeinghismotherreturnhome,theboyarosefromhischairimmediately.（vi.

起身）

②Newproblemswillariseoneafteranotherinfuture.（vi.出现

③Theyaroseatsunrisetogetanearlystarttothepark.（vi.起床）

2.highlightn.vt.

①Hlshowyouthehighlightsoftheevent.（n.最好或最精彩的部分）

②Thesefiguresclearlyhighlightthedifferenceinworldlivingstandards.（vt.突

出）

©Featuredadsareplacedtopmostineachcategoryandareshownhighlighted.（vt.

使醒目）

3.drillvi.&vt.n.

①Heusedadrilltoboreaholeinthedoor.（n.钻（头））

②Thedentistdrilledmytooth.（vt.钻（孔）；打（眼））

③Thesoldiershavedrilleveryday.（n.训练）

4.thundervi.n.

©Therewasaloudcrashofthunderandlargedropsofrainstartedfalling.（n.雷

声）

②Hebowedtothethunderofapplausefromtheaudience.（n.轰隆声）

（3）Itthundered,butnorainfell.（vi.打雷）

④Thegunsthunderedinthedistance.（vi.轰隆隆地响）

5.frostn.vt.

①Thefieldshavefrostedupinthiswintrymorning.（vi.结霜）

②Thecoldhasfrostedthewindows.（vt.使蒙上霜）

（3）Thecarwindowswerecoveredwithforst.（n.霜；霜冻）

三.知识要点

1.arisevi.（arose,arisen）起身；出现；由...引起

Duringthenightagreatstormhasarisen.

夜里来了一场大风暴。

Heformedapictureofhisfuturethatarosebrightandcolourfulinhismind.

他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。

［翻译］目前的争执是由父母的担心引起的。

Thecurrentdebatearosefrom/outoftheconcernsofparents.

［知识拓展］

（l）arisefrom/outof由...而引起；由...而产生；从...中产生

arisefrom...从……上站起来

⑵arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词

argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement等。

Asweallknow,mostcaraccidentsariseoutofcarelessness.

=Asweallknowzmostcaraccidentsarisefromcarelessness.

众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。

2.takesb.'sbreathaway令人惊叹

Thesegorgeouslylitimageswilltakeyourbreathaway!

这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！

Lifeisnottheamountofbreathsyoutake,it'sthemomentsthattakeyourbreath

away.

生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。

［翻译］那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。

Theentertainer^performancesoftentakeourbreathaway.

［知识拓展］

holdone9sbreath屏住呼吸

catchone'sbreath喘息;恢复正常呼吸

loseone'sbreath喘不过气来

takeadeepbreath深呼吸

takesb'sbreathaway令人惊叹

outofbreath上气不接下气

TomakethemovementeasierItriedtotakeadeepbreathoffreshair.

为了活动起来更容易，我努力呼吸了一口新鲜空气。

Tiredandoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountain.

我们到达了山顶，累得喘不过气来。

3.boundadj.准备前往（某地）；一定会

ThistrainisboundfromShanghaitoNanjing.

这列火车是从上海开往南京的。

Whosaidthatmakingarobotsomuchlikeamanwasboundtocausetrouble?

谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？

［翻译］他在事业上一定会成功。

Heisboundtosucceedinhisenterprise.

［知识拓展］

beboundtodosth.一定会做某事；有义务做某事

beboundfor…开往；飞往；驶往

beboundupwithsth.与某事有密切关系

beboundupinsth.忙于（专心于；热衷于）某事

Solongasweholdfasttoouridealsandnevergiveup,weareboundtoachieve

success.

只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。

Heisboundupinhisworkwhichisboundupwiththewelfareofthecommunity.

他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。

4.freezevi.&vt.（froze,frozen）结冰；（使）冻住

Afreezerfreezeswatersolid.

冰箱能使水结成固体。

Waterfreezesat0℃.

水在摄氏零度结冰。

［翻译］笑容在他们脸上僵住了。

Smilesfrozeontheirfaces.

［知识拓展］

freezewith...因……而呆住

freezetodeath冻死

freezeup（某物）冻住；（因紧张、害怕或兴奋）不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆

freezesb.withafrown皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧

5.anticipatevt.预料;预见；期望

Thedirectorsanticipatedafallindemand.

董事们预感需求会降低。

Ianticipatethattheresultwillbeadraw.

我预料结果会打成平局。

［翻译］结果比我们原先设想的还要好。

Itturnsoutthatweweremoresuccessfulthanwehadanticipated.

［知识拓展］

anticipatedoing...期望或预料做某事

itiswidelyanticipatedthat...普遍预料...

Itiswidelyanticipatedthatshewillresign.

许多人预料她会辞职。

四、重点句式

l.ratherthan与其；不愿(连接两个并列成分)

(教材P38)Ratherthantravelbycommercialairlinealltheway,theydecidedto

flytoVancouverandthentakethetrain.

她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华，然后再坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商务航班。

句式分析：句中ratherthan连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接

不带to的不定式。

［例1］Heonlycaresaboutwhethertheeyewitnesshasgiventrueinformation,

whichmustbefactsratherthanopinions.

他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个

人观点。

［例2］Theythusincreasedtheirannualgrainproductionratherthandiminished

it.

他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年产量。

［翻译］我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

Wewillhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthaninthegreathall.

［知识拓展］

⑴ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的

名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

(2)ratherthan后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当ratherthan

位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。

Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.

=RatherthantelephoneIdecidedtowrite.

我决定写信而不是打电话。

2.过去分词短语作状语

（教材P38）Seenfromthetrainwindow,themountainsandforestsofCanada

lookedmassive.

透过火车车窗加拿大的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。

句式分析：句中过去分词短语Seenfromthetrainwindow在句中作时间状语。

［例1］Orderedoveraweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。

［例2］Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.

由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。

［翻译］尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。

Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthe

difficulties.

［知识拓展］

过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。

过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。

Givenalotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.

给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。（表示原因）

Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。（表示条件）

Theteachercamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.

老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。（表示伴随）

Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.

那个女孩过马路时出了事故，头部受了伤。（表结果）

3.with复合结构

（教材P38）Edmontonisfreezingcoldinwinter,withdailytemperatures

averaging-10℃.

埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为-10℃。

句式分析：句中withdailytemperaturesaveraging-10℃为with复合结构，

在句子中作状语。

H列l］Witharedhandkerchiefinhishand,heshoutedatMarycrazily.

他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。

［例2］Insteadheandanothermanarehidinginasmallhutduringasnowstorm

withnothingtoeat.

相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可以吃。

［翻译］他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。

Helaythere,withhiseyeslookingattheceiling.

［知识拓展］

With复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其结

构如下：

with+宾语+todo表示将来的动作doing表示主动或正在进行的动作done

表示被动或已完成的动作prep.短语adj.表示状态adv.表示状态

Intheafternoon,withnothingtodozIwenttothebookstore.

因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。

Withtheguideleadingtheway,wefoundhishomeeasily.

因为有那位向导带路，我们很容易找到了他的家。

Themansatinthechair,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.

这个人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。

Thestudentfellasleepwiththelighton.

这个学生开着灯就睡着了。

巩固练习

一、根据句意和汉语提示写出单词。

1.1don9tthinkitwillworkbutFiltry（无论如何）.

2.He（又寸比）thetwodifferenteconomicsystemsinhisspeech.

3.Judgingfromyour（口音），youcomefromtheWest,ifI'mnot

mistaken.

4.Wecouldjustseetheoutlineofthehouseinthedistancethroughthe

（薄雾）.

5.Theearlysettlers（归因于）theirsurvivaltohardworkand

determinationtosucceed.

6.Shefelttherewassomethingwrong,butcouldn'tgive(；青楚易T董的)

reasons.

7.1fyouwanttosellyourhousezwhynotputan(广告)inthe

newspaper?

8.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresultsinthe(相反

的事情)toourintention.

二、根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。

l.Oneinterestingaspectofthisbilingualseriesisthatitcaterstoboththe

domesticandforeignmarkets,especiallyinbothreadingfor(pleasant)

andlanguagelearning.

2.Asisknowntous,(curtain)arelargepiecesofmaterialwhichhang

fromthetopofawindow.

3.Leaveabasinofwateroutsidein(freeze)weather.

4.Astormoflaughter(arise)andeventhetiniestchildjoinedin.

5.Theanimalwasstill(breathe),soweknewitwasstillalive.

6.Tomy(astonish),hehasmadesuchrapidprogressinEnglishthis

term.

7.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephone

areimportantinstaying(connect).

8.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget(promote),Henrydidhis

besttoperformhisduty.

9.(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.

10.Clearlyandthoughtfully(write),thebookinspiresconfidencein

studentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.

三、根据要求转换下列句子。

l.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhenitiscomparedtosuchart

formsasmusicandpainting.(升级为省略句)

Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especially.

2.AshewasraisedinthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadto

becomingafootballstar.（升级为过去分词作状语）

ofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecominga

footballstar.

3.Whenhewasaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrained

foraspaceflight.（升级为省略句）

zhesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.

4.Ashewasattractedbythelatestelectronictoys,thelittleboystoodinfrontof

thewindows,withoutmoving.（升级为过去分词作状语）

/thelittleboystoodinfrontofthewindows,without

moving.

5.1ftheyweregivetherightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmay

onedaygrewtheinternationalstars.（升级为过去分词作状语）

,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewthe

internationalstars.

6.Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.（过去分词

作状语）

一thetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

7.1fweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.（过去分词作状语）

—,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.

8.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher'swords,hedidalotofthingsto

helphisclassmates.（过去分词作状语）

一histeacher'swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphis

classmates.

9.Turneddownmanytimes,themandidn'tloseheart.（让步状语从句）

一manytimes,themandidn*tloseheart.

四、阅读理解

Ifyouwanttofullyenjoyyourvacation,thenyou'dbetterchecktheDurbanCity

Tours!ThisisactuallyoneofthebestchoicesinSouthAfricatoday.Thereis

nothingmorerelaxingthantothinkaboutthatthereisaplacetogoandrelax,

right?Citylifeisstrained,butyoucanescapethissituationandbeintheplace

wherethereisnothingbutrelaxation.HereinDurbanyouwillgettoseeallthe

amazingtouristattractions.Ifyouloveanimalsandwanttoseesomeelephants

wanderingaroundthestreets,thenDurbanistheplacetogo.Youcanevengetto

rideoneifyouwant!HereyouwillalsogettotasteallthedeliciousSouthAfrican

food.YoucanchoosefromItaliancookingtoitsnativedishes.Durbanisagreat

placetotourwithyourfriendsandfamily.Youwilllearnalotaboutitshistory

throughthelandmarksyouwillseedownthestreets.Touristsandeventhelocal

villagersjustcan'tgetenoughofthesetreats!However,itisimportantthatyou

makethenecessaryarrangements.Thereareactuallylotsoftourguidesthatwill

helpyouasyoumakeyourjourneyalongthestreetsofDurban.Butifyouprefer

thebesttourguideshereinDurban,thenyou'dbettersettlefortheStreetScene

Tours.Theirstaffareallwelltrainedandprofessional.Theywillcertainlymake

yourstayhereanunforgettableone.NowondertouristsprefertheStreetScene

TourswhenitcomestoDurbanCityTours.

l.Theunderlinedword"strained"inParagraph2means"

A.easyB.stressfulC.steadyD.casual

2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

A.Durbanisarelaxingcity.

B.Peopledon'tlikecitylife.

C.Itisgoodtohaveaplacetorelax.

D.Onecanhavefunridingelephants.

3.WhatdoesthelastsentenceinParagraph3show?

A.Thefoodcan'tsatisfythem.

B.Theyareboredwiththestreets.

C.Theyaretreatedverywellhere.

D.Theynevergettiredofthesights.

4.Theauthorwrotethelastparagraphmainlyto.

A.attracttouriststoDurban

B.helpreadersmakearrangements

C.introducethetourguidesinDurban

D.persuadetouriststochoosetheStreetSceneTours

五、七选五

WalkingtheGreatWallofChinacanbeasambitiousastacklingtheentire1,800

milesfromtheGobiDeserttotheYellowSeaorspendingamorningorafternoon

climbingasectionwithatourgroup.1__ReadaboutthehistoryoftheGreat

WalFsconstructionsoyoucanappreciatethosemanyunevensteps.Bookahalf­

daytourrightfromyourBeijinghotel.Bringabottleofwaterandalightbag,a

hat,sunglassesandsunscreenand,ofcourse,yourcamera.Obtainnecessary

governmentpermitsforamoreambitiousindependenthike.2―Packyour

equipmentforawalkalongalloralargesectionoftheGreatWallandthentryto

reduceitsweight.3__Getgoodmapsandstudyrecenttripdiariesandguides.

Breakinyourclimbingshoesanddon'tforgettoputlotsofbandagesand

suncreaminthefirstaidkit.DecidewhetheryouwillbeginintheGobiDesertorat

theYellowSea.Deserttravelistiringandslowgoing.4__Createaplanand

fileitwithafriendyouwillcontactatregularintervals.Thisisanessentialsafety

stepforanisolated,dangeroustrip.5―Thetripisasmuchaboutabsorbing

culturesaswalkingtheGreatWall.Villagersmayofferyoumealsandlodging.In

remoteareasthiscanbeatimesaver.Travelwithafriendifpossible;learnsome

basicChinesebeforeyougoandengagepleasantlybutcarefullywithlocalpeople

inthelessdevelopedregions.

A.Acceptlocalkindnessbutexercisecaution.

B.Youcanalsobringnothingwithyou.

C.Consultagoodcampingsupplystoreforthelightestequipment.

D.Theheatisfiercesoplanwalksforearlymorningandlateafternoon.

E.YouwillconnectwithChinesehistoryandcultureandtestyourownlimits.

F.Bothapproachesdemandsomephysicalfitness,therightshoesandpreparation.

G.Startthatprocessmonthsinadvanceoftraveltoensureyourtripwon'tbe

delayed

六、语法填空

It'sjustanotherdayforWilliamLindesay.Itbeginsbyspendingsometimewith

hissons...andtheGreatWallofChina.Hehaslostcountofthenumberoftimes

he1.(climb)thewall.However,hestillremembersthedayhefirstsaw

2..TheUKnativecamebacktoChinain1986with3.(plan)to

runthewalFsentire4.(long)一butitdidn'tquiteworkoutthattime.

Hecamebackayearlaterandfulfilledhisdream,beforefinallysettlinginChina

in1990.LindesayhashadeightbooksontheGreatWall5.(publish)

overtheyears.Hehascompletedthreephotoprojectsthatshow6.ithas

changedwiththepassageoftimeandledconservationeffortstoprotectit.Now

heandhisChinesefriendsareusingdrones(无人机)7.(film)theGreat

Wall,whichprovidesa8.(complete)newandfascinatingperspective.In

manyways,theGreatWallhasdefinedLindesay'slife.Hissoloadventure

9.(describe)as"themostsuccessfulforeignexplorationoftheGreat

Wall”.Heevenreceivedamedal10.theChinesegovernmentforhis

conservationefforts.

七、读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整

的短文。

Theguitarinthecorneroftheroomisassilentasithaseverbeenforyearsnow.

Ithasbeenmorethanthreemonthsthatnoonehasplayedit,andnoonewillever

playitagain.Alayerofdusthasformedalloverit.Icoulddustitoff,but

somehowIfeelunworthyoftouchingit,letalonepickingitup.Ithadbeensuch

abigpartofmychildhood,hearingitsamazingnotesflowwithouthesitation,but

onlywhenheldbytherighthandsdiditsoundasamazingasitcould.Ihad

alwaysbeenafraidofitsomehow.Iamstillabit,sincethesoundwasalways

strongyetcomforting.Ican'tstopthinkingabouthowIwillneverhearitagain,

howitwouldprobablystayinthatcornerofmyroomfortherestofeternity.

SittinginthesofafacingtheguitarIcouldalmostseehim,mydad,tellingmethat

itwasthesecondbestthinginhislife.Irememberthatmomentsowell.Iwas

seven.Iaskedhim,"What'sthefirst?”andhetoldme“You”.Itmademefeel

sospecial,beingpickedoveraninstrumentthatcouldmakesuchwonderfulmusic

withjustabitofhelpfromthemanthatwasinfrontofme.Whenhewashome,

everywakingminutetherewasmusicradiatingfromit.Themusicmademefeel

safe,likeiftherewasn'tanythingelseintheworldbutitsamazingsounds.I

stayedstaringatthedustcoveredtheguitarrememberingthelasttimeIsawmy

dad;hewasheadingoutoncemore.Hewasexcitedandhewasalwaysproudof

servinghiscountry.Henevercomplained.Theonlythingthathewouldn'tlike

wasbeingawayfromMumandme.IfIhadknownthatitwasthelasttimeI

wouldseehim,Iwouldhaveneverlethimgo,andIwouldhavebeggedhimnot

toleave.IwouldhavetoldhimthatIdidn'twanttheguitartostayinthecorner

collectingdust.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式作答。

Hewouldhaveleftanyways,Ithought.Helovedprotectinghiscountry,andhe

usedtosaythathediditbecausehewantedmetobesafe.

Itwasgettinglate.Istoodupfromthecouchandheadedtobed.

参考答案

一、1.anyhow2contrasted3accent4mist5owed6coherent7advertisement

8contrary

二、1.pleasure2.curtains3.freezing4.arose5.breathing6.astonishment

7.connected8.promoted9.Absorbed10.written

三、句型转换

l.whencomparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting

2.Raisedinthepoorestarea

3.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere

4.Attractedbythelatestelectronictoys

5.Giventherightkindoftraining

6.Seenfrom

7.Givenmoretime

8.Greatlytouchedby

9.Though/Althoughhewasturneddown

四、阅读

l.B词义猜测题。根据后文"...butyoucanescapethissituationandbeinthe

placewherethereisnothingbutrelaxation”可知，strained意为“压力大的故

选B。

2.A段落大意题。第二段通过有压力的城市生活来反衬德班是一个放松休闲

的好去处，A项概括了此意。

3.D细节理解题。第三段中讲到德班之所以是一个好去处，是因为它所展示

出的历史，而这是游客甚至是当地人永远也欣赏不够的，故选D。

4.D推理判断题。文章最后一段先指出要做好安排，德班的导游都会帮助游

客，接着“But”一词进行转折，引出该段所要强调的重点内容：如果想选择到

最好的导游可以选择StreetSceneTours,故选Do

五、七选五

1-F根据空前一句可知游览长城有两种选择这与F项中的Bothapproaches

相呼应，前后紧密相连，符合逻辑，故选F项。

2.G由空前的“Obtainnecessarygovernmentpermitsforamoreambitious

independenthike”可知，这需要一个过程,因此G项符合语境。

3.C空前一句讲为登长城打包装备并尽量减轻重量，故C项符合语境。

4.D由空前的“Deserttravelistiringandslowgoing”可知，此处在讲与沙漠相

关的问题，故应选D项。

5.A由下文中的"'Villagersmayofferyoumealsandlodging,,t€engage

pleasantlybutcarefullywithlocalpeople”可知，本段的主旨是接受当地人的善

意，但要谨慎行事。

六、语法填空

l.hasclimbed考查时态。句意：他已记不清爬了几次长城了。分析句子可知，

此处表示爬长城是WilliamLindesay从过去到现在一直做的事情,应用现在

完成时。故填hasclimbed,,

2.it考查代词。句意：然而，他仍然记得第一次看到它的那天。分析句子可

知,此处的it指代的是上文的“theGreatWall”。故填it0

3.plans考查名词复数。句意：这位土生土长的英国人于1986年回到中国，

计划跑完整个长城但当时并没有完全成