2024-2025学年山东省济南市高三下学期开学英语试卷

2024—2025学年山东省济南市高三下学期开学英语试卷

一、阅读理解(★★)2025StudentLaunchChallengeAboutStudentLaunchNASAStudentLaunchisaresearch-based,competitive,andexperientialexplorationchallengethatprovidesrelevantandcost-effectiveresearchanddevelopmenttosupporttheSpaceLaunchSystem(SLS).Theactivityinvolvesreachingabroadaudienceofmiddleandhighschools,colleges,anduniversitiesacrossthenationinanine-monthcommitmenttodesign,build,testandlaunchvehicleandpayload(载荷)componentsthatsupportSLS.Itisaimedatinspiringstudentstoexplorescience,technology,engineering,andmath(STEM)forthebenefitofhumanity.2025StudentLaunchNASAhasselected71teamsfromacrosstheUStoparticipateinits25thannualStudentLaunchChallenge.Aspartofthechallenge,teamswilldesign,build,andflyahigh-poweredamateurrocketandscientificpayload.Theyalsomustmeetdocumentationmilestonesandundergodetailedreviewsthroughouttheschoolyear.Thenine-month-longchallengewillbehighlightedwithon-siteeventsstartingonApril30,2025.FinallaunchesarescheduledforMay3,2025,atBraggFarmsinToney,Alabama,justminutesnorthofNASA’sMarshallSpaceFlightCenter.It’stheperfectendingtotheevents.Teamsarenotrequiredtotravelfortheirfinallaunch,havingtheoptiontolaunchfromaqualifiedsite.StudentteamswillundergodetailedreviewsbyNASApersonneltoensurethesafety,operabilityandpracticalityoftheirrocketandpayloaddesigns.AwardsTheAltitude(高度)Award:Awardedtotheteamthatcomesclosesttotheirdeclaredtargetaltitudeontheircompetitionlaunch.VehicleDesignAward:Awardedtotheteamwiththemostcreativeandinnovativeoverallvehicledesignfortheirintendedpayloadwhilestillmaximizingsafetyandefficiency.Judges’ChoiceAward:SelectedduringLaunchWeekbyapanelofguestjudgesandawardedforthebestcombinationofpayloadinnovation,vehicledesignandconstruction,andpublicengagement.1.WhatisthemaingoaloftheNASAStudentLaunchChallenge?

A．Totrainprofessionalastronauts.B．Topromotestudents’explorationofSTEM.C．Totestnewrockettechnologies.D．ToselectfutureemployeesforNASA.2.Howlongdoestheon-siteeventslast?

A．NinemonthsB．Twomonths.C．Fourdays.D．Oneday.3.WhatistheVehicleDesignAwardbasedon?

A．Socialmediapopularityofthedesign.B．Themaximumpayloadofthevehicle.C．Closenesstothescheduledlaunchingheight.D．Thevehicle’sinnovationandpracticalperformance.(★★★)PhotographerAshleySuszczynskitracesbackherpassionforarttoherchildhoodyears.Particularly,tomakingpuppets(木偶)outofbrownpaperbagsandthrowingshowswithhergrandma.Thislaterevolvedintoaloveofsciencefictionandescapingtoadventurelandspopulatedbymythicalcreatures.ThisfeelingofwonderrunsthroughherprojectMaskedmasquerade(蒙面舞会)series,whichseeshertravellingthroughEuropetorecordavisuallystrikingbranchofancientfolkcustoms.“Severalyearsago,IsawphotographsofamasqueradeinthenorthofSpaincalled‘LaVijanera,’”Suszczynskisays.“ThecharacterslookedlikethoseIhadimaginedfromthepagesofmychildhoodstories.Therewaseverythingfromfur-coveredcreaturestomaskedtreefairiesandspiritsofthewoodlands.IflewtoSpainforaweektoattend,andjustlikethat,apassionwasborn.”Afterthis,SuszczynskibeganresearchingmoreEuropeanmaskedmasquerades,hopingtolearnabouttheirhistory,characters,andsymbolism.Thefestivalstypicallycelebratedcommonthemesinvolvingseasonalchange,life,andhappiness.“IneachmasqueradeIfeelslikebeingtransportedintoadifferentfairytalenovelfrommychildhood.Itisanhonorthatinsteadofsimplyescapingintothesefantasticstories,Icannowsharethemthroughmyphotographs,”sheshares.TheprojecthastakenhertoSpain,Bulgaria,andPortugal,whereshehasphotographedgroupswithdesignedcostumesandmasks.ForSuszczynski,theentireprocessisawildride.“WhenIplana‘trip’it’susuallyaroundanevent,andI’llgototheevent—thecarnival,theparade,whateveritis—butthat’sonlythetipoftheiceberg.Thatisthefootinthedoor,”shesays.Besides,shetriesherbesttoovercomethelanguagebarrier.Butthephotographerdescribesthewholeprocessasanadventureworthpaying.“I’llhavefriendsforlifemadefromthesephotos.IamsothankfulforeachandeverypersonIhavephotographed.Theylovetoteachabouttheirculture.Theyloveforpeopletolearnabouttheirculture,tobringittolight,”Suszczynskiconcludes.4.WhatistheprimaryfocusofAshleySuszczynski’sMaskedmasqueradeseries?

A．DocumentingcreatureevolutioninEurope.B．RecordingmodernEuropeanstreetfashion.C．Exploringmaskingtraditionsthroughphotos.D．InvestigatingthehistoryofpuppetshowsinEurope.5.WhatdidSuszczynskimainlyintendtoshowinparagraph2?

A．Theoriginoftheproject.B．Herchildhoodstories.C．AmasqueradeinSpain.D．Thebackgroundofherworks.6.HowdoesSuszczynskifeelaboutherworkontheproject?

A．Toughandembarrassing.B．Relaxingbutdangerous.C．Meaningfulandeffortless.D．Challengingbutrewarding.7.WhatcanweknowaboutthepeoplephotographedbySuszczynskifromthelastparagraph?

A．Theyshareacommoninterestinphotography.B．Theyareactivelyinvolvedinspreadingtheirculture.C．TheygotfinancialreturnsofferedbySuszczynski.D．Theyappreciatebeingintegratedwithothercultures.(★★★)Climatechangeislargelyresponsibleforthemassdie-offofourplanet’scoralreefs(珊瑚礁),asstresscausedbyhigherwatertemperaturescausescoralstodriveawaythealgae(藻类)livingwithinthem.Thelossofthatlife-givingalgaeisn’ttheonlyproblem,however.Stressedcoralsarealsomorelikelytobeinfectedbynaturallyoccurringbacteria.Inthepast,populationsofthoseextremelysmalllivingthingswerekepttomanageablelevelsbyseacucumbers(海参),whichfeedonseafloorsediment(沉积物).Unfortunately,duetoover-harvestingforuseintheAsianseafoodmarket,seacucumbersarenowbecomingincreasinglyrareinmanyregions.Inordertoseejusthowcrucialtheanimalsaretocoralhealth,aGeorgiaTechteamledbyMarkHayandCodyClementsconductedaseriesoffieldexperimentsintheSouthPacificOcean.NeartheislandofMo’oreainFrenchPolynesia,thescientistsleftexistingseacucumbersin10plotsofsandyseabedandremovedthemfrom10others,thenplantedfivecoralgroupsineachoftheplots.Thoseplotsweresubsequentlyinspectedonadailybasisforaperiodof45days.Itwasultimatelyfoundthatcoraldeathratecausedbysediment-associateddiseaseswas15timesgreaterinthesea-cucumber-lessplots.HayandClementsnowhopethattheirfindingswillmotivategovernmentsandothergroupstoimplementstricterlimitsontheharvestingofseacucumbers,andtobeginraisingtheanimalsforreleaseontocoralsthatareinneedofprotection.Farmedseacucumberscouldpotentiallyalsofinduseinkeepingfishfarmsclean,andpossiblyevendelayingcertaindiseases.“IfyouremoveallthesedimenteatersinthegreatfishtankofEarth,you’regoingtogetadirtytankeventually,”saidClements.“Peoplehavepaidlipservicetotheideathatseacucumberscouldbeimportantforalongtime,butwedidn’tknowthescaleoftheirimportanceuntilnow.”8.Whyareseacucumbersimportantforcoralhealth?

A．Theydirectlyprovidenutrientstocorals.B．Theyhelptoreducediseaserisktocorals.C．Theyproducealgaeessentialforcorallife.D．Theydrivetheharmfulalgaeawayfromcorals.9.Whatwasthekeydifferencebetweenthetwosetsofplotsintheexperiment?

A．Thepresenceorabsenceofseacucumbers.B．Thetypesofcoralgroupsplantedinthem.C．Thequantityofseafloorsedimentineachplot.D．Thefrequencyofinspectionsoverthe45-dayperiod.10.WhatdidHayandClementsappealfor?

A．Abanonseafoodharvestinginthetestedregion.B．Theestablishmentofnewcoralreservesworldwide.C．Theadoptionofmoreseacucumberconservationpractices.D．Furtherstudyontheusesoffarmedseacucumbersinmedicine.11.WhatdoClements’wordsimplyinthelastparagraph?

A．Theimportanceofseacucumberswasgreatlyoverstated.B．Seacucumberswereconsideredinsignificantforalongtime.C．Peoplehavealreadytakenmeasurestoprotectseacucumbers.D．Seacucumbersplayavitalroleinkeepingmarineecosystemhealthy.(★★★)“Zerodistractions.”That’swhatCalNewport,authorofDigitalMinimalism:ChoosingaFocusedLifeinaNoisyWorld,saysisrequiredtohaveasessionoffocusedproductivityhecalls“deepwork.”Arezero-distractionmomentsevenavailabletomostofusthesedays?Afterall,everytechnicalinnovationthatmakesourlivesmoreconvenient,likephonesandappsandstreamingentertainment,isbuiltforamulti-taskinglifestyle.Listentomusic.Addtoyourgrocerylist.Press“buy”onanonlineshoppingcart.Reserveatableforthisweekend.Allofthesearethingsmanyofusdoatthesametime—andalltoooftenwhilewe’redoingsomethingelse,likeworking.NewportdescribedthesnagsofthislifestyleinaninterviewwithTheNewYorkTimes:“Everytimeyouswitchyourattentionfromonetargettoanotherandthenbackagain,there’sacost.Thisswitchingcreatesaneffectthatpsychologistscallattentionresidue(残留),whichcanreduceyourcognitive(认知的)capacityforasubstantialamountoftimebeforeitclears.Ifyouconstantlymake‘quickchecks’ofvariousdevicesandinboxes,youessentiallykeepyourselfinastateofpersistentattentionresidue,whichisaterribleideaifyou’resomeonewhousesyourbraintomakealiving.”Insteadofmovingquicklyfromactivitytoactivity,Newporturgesustoactivelymaketimefor“deepwork”everyday,timewhenweareengagedincognitivelychallengingtaskswithoutinterruptionfromanythingelse.Thiscouldbeknittingorreadingorlearningalanguageormeetingaprofessionalgoal.Theimportantpartisthatitneedstobeanactivityyoucancommittoinvestingyourenergyinwholeheartedly.Gettinginthehabitofworkingdeeplywill,saysNewport,leadyoutotheunavoidableconclusionthat“concentrationisasuperpower.”Whatinyourlifewouldyouliketoapproachwitha“deepwork”mentality?12.Whatcanbeinferredaboutzero-distractionsmomentsfromparagraph2?

A．Theyareavailabletomostpeople.B．Theyresultfromtechnicalinnovation.C．Mostpeopledon’tneedthematall.D．Itishardtoobtainthemnowadays.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“snags”meaninparagraph3?

A．Disadvantages.B．Features.C．Potentials.D．Principles.14.WhatdoesNewportrecommenddoingaccordingtothetext?

A．Reducingtheuseoftechnology.B．Doingonethingdeeplyatatime.C．Listeningtomusicwhileworking.D．Balancingmultipleactivitieseffectively.15.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．Multitasking:AModernLifestyleB．TheChallengesofZeroDistractionsC．DeepWork:TheKeytoFocusedProductivityD．ThePowerofAttentionResidueinaNoisyWorld(★★★★)Whenyouthinkofrobots,awideseriesofimagesmaycometomind.Doyouimaginethemwalkingandtalkinglikehumans,completelyintegratingintooursocialfabricorperformingcomplextaskswithease?Whilerobotshavemaderemarkableadvancementsinrecentyears,theystillfacenumerouschallengesintrulycopyinghumanbehavior.16.Robotsareincreasinglybeingusedinhealthcaresettingsforavarietyoftasks.Fromassistinginsurgeriestoprovidingcompanionshipfortheelderly,robotsarebecominginvaluablemembersofthehealthcareteam.17.Theyrelyheavilyonadvancedtechnology.Advancedsensorsandartificialintelligence(AI)arekeytoarobot’sabilitytounderstandandrespondtoitsenvironment.18.Theycanalsoanalyzethecollecteddata,andmakeinformeddecisionsbasedonthatinformation.Forexample,arobotdesignedtoassistinsurgeriescanusesensorstomonitorapatient’svitalsignsinrealtimeandadjustitsactionsaccordingly.Thisensuresthattherobot’sactionsarealwaysinthebestinterestofthepatient.19.Theycanbeprogrammedtoprovidespecificexercisesortreatmentstailoredtoanindividualpatient’sneeds.Thispersonalizedapproachensurespatientsreceivethemosteffectivetreatmentpossible.Furthermore,robotscanalsoreducetheworkloadofhealthcareprofessionals.Despitethemanybenefitsofusingrobotsinhealthcare,therearestillconcernsabouttheirsafetyandeffectiveness.Ensuringthatrobotsoperatesafelyandreliablyinahealthcaresettingrequiresstricttestingandregulation.20.Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,wecanexpecttoseemorerobotsplayingacriticalroleinhealthcare,revolutionizingthewayweapproachmedicalcare.

A．Inaddition,robotsarealsoplayingapartinpatientcare.B．Thefutureofroboticsintheuseofsurgeriesispromising.C．Buthowdotheserobotsknowwhenandhowtointervene?D．However,thefieldofhealthcareisnotwithoutchallenges.E．Thesetechnologiesallowrobotstodetectchangesintheirsurroundings.F．Researchersareconstantlyworkingtoimprovethemintheroboticsystems.G．However,oneareawhererobotsaremakingsignificantprogressishealthcare.二、完形填空(★★★)Withwinterenteringaparticularlybittercoldandtemperaturesdroppingintobelowzeroeverynight,ourelectricfurnace(火炉)stoppedworking.Ireachedarepairmanonlytofindthathewasoverwhelmedby_________frompeopleinsimilarcircumstancesanditwouldbe8days_________someonecouldarrivehere.I_________wenttothelocalhardwarestoreandboughttwospaceheaters.By_________themfromlivingroomduringthedaytothebedroomsatnightwestayedcoolbut_________sofar.Onethingthisdid,however,wastoremindmeofmyownchildhoodwinter_________.Irememberedasaboy_________onfreezingwinterdays,quicklypullingonthicksocks,jean,andacoatandgoingintothelivingroomwhereasinglewoodstove_________thewholehouse.Mydadaddedwoodtothefirewhileweallgatheredarounditfor_________.Irememberedwalkingoutsidetofetchwood,withfreezingfingersandfrostybreath,____________thewholeway.Ittooksomuchmoreworkjustto____________warmthbackthen,butsomehowthatmadeallofus____________thewarmthevenmore.Ithinkhow____________warmthisnotonlyinourhomesbutalsoinourhearts.Thiscanbeavery____________worldattimesanditisuptoustoaddourwarmthtoit.Ourgivingheartandloveforlifewillbecomea____________thatcanwarmtheheartsofothersaroundusaswell.21.A．instructionsB．promisesC．requestsD．remarks22.A．beforeB．sinceC．afterD．unless23.A．apparentlyB．frequentlyC．hesitantlyD．hurriedly24.A．movingB．hangingC．abandoningD．connecting25.A．comfortableB．stableC．hopefulD．convenient26.A．adventuresB．memoriesC．accidentsD．performances27.A．drivingawayB．wakingupC．steppinginD．leavingoff28.A．decoratedB．bondedC．heatedD．lighted29.A．receptionB．reunionC．warmthD．rescue30.A．confusingB．panickingC．shakingD．cheering31.A．resignB．inspectC．reflectD．gain32.A．missB．createC．admireD．appreciate33.A．preciousB．naturalC．amusingD．challenging34.A．fairB．coldC．strangeD．fresh35.A．symbolB．siteC．lampD．stove三、语法填空(★★★)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinesescientistLuQi36.(award)thetitleof2024ChampionsoftheEarthofScienceandInnovationbytheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)forhiscontributionsto37.(address)desertification(沙漠化),landdegradationanddroughtonlastTuesday.LuisthechiefscientistoftheChineseAcademyofForestryandfoundingpresidentoftheInstituteofGreatGreenWall.HeisthefirstChinese38.hasbeenhonoredinthiscategory.AccordingtotheUNEP,Luhasplayedakeyroleincarryingouttheworld’slargestafforestation(造林)project39.inestablishingexpertresearchnetworksandpartnerships.Thisawardisthehighest40.(recognize)andgreatestencouragementforChina’sforestryandgrasslandefforts,especiallyforthescientistsandtechnologists41.(devote)tosandcontrol.TheannualChampionsoftheEarthAward,theUN’shighestenvironmentalhonor,recognizespioneersmakingefforts42.(protect)thepeopleandtheplanet.122recipients(接受者)oftheawardhavebeenhonoredforoutstandingandinspirationalenvironmentalleadership43.2005.LusaidtheChampionsoftheEarthAwardwouldinspiremorescientistsandecologicalworkers,particularlyyoungergenerations,tocontribute44.(active)toglobalenvironmentalprotectionandtheachievementoftheUN’s2030Goals.Lualsoexpressedadesiretoseemore45.(effect)andadaptabledesertificationcontroltechnologiessharedgloballythroughinitiativessuchasChina’sBeltandRoadInitiativeandtheGlobalDevelopmentInitiative.四、书信写作(★★)46.假定你是李华，上周日你去海洋公园游玩，期间参与了公园举办的游园摄影比赛。请你给好友Tom写一封电子邮件介绍这次经历，内容包括：1.游玩感受;2.摄影比赛情况(主题、你的作品内容等);3.期待交流。注意：1.词数80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearTom,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、书面表达(★★★★)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语编写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onasunnyweekend,Lily,anadventuroushigh-schoolsenior,andherclosefriends,JackandEmma,decidedtogohikinginthenearbymountains.Equippedwithbackpacksfilledwithwater,snacks,andamap,theywereexcitedtoexplorethegreatoutdoors.Astheywalkedalongthewell-markedtrack,chattingandlaughing,theweathertookanunexpectedturn.Darkcloudsrolledinquickly,swallowingthesun.Thewindstartedtoroar,andsoon,rainpoureddownheavily.Thepathbecameslippery,andvisibilitydroppedsignificantly.Lily,tryingtokeepupeveryone’sspirits,suggestedtheyfindaplacetotakeshelter.Theyspottedasmallcaveonthesideofthehillandmadetheirwaytowardsit.Insidethecave,theairwasdampandcold.Astheygatheredcloselytogether,waitingforthestormtopass,theyrealizedtheyhadlefttheiremergencyflashlightinJack’sbackpack,whichhehadaccidentall