中考英语总复习-被动语态

语态是动词一个形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间关系。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作执行者时为主动语态，主语是动作承受者时为被动语态。被动语态是动词一个特殊形式，普通说来，只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词词组才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被、受、给”等词来表示被动意义。第九章被动语态第1页普通现在时:am/is/are+p.p.如：Icleantheroom./Theroomiscleanedbyme.1.被动语态组成被动语态由“be+过去分词(p.p.)”组成。人称、数和时态改变是经过be改变来表现出来，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句改变也如此。普通过去时was/were+p.p.如：Hecleanedtheroom./Theroomwascleanedbyhim.普通未来时will/begoingto+be+p.p.如：Hewillcleantheroom./Theroomwillbecleanedbyhim.第2页当不知道动作执行者是谁，或没必要指出动作执行者是谁时:Thebookiswrittenforchildren.2.被动语态使用方法(2)强调或突出动作承受者时，而不强调动作执行者时:Thewindowwasbrokenyesterday.(3)当动作执行者不是人而是无生命事物时:Manyhousesweredestroyedbytheaccident.第3页考点1普通现在时被动语态(主语+am/is/are+p.p.)必定句Theflooriscleanedeveryday.Theflowersarewateredeveryday.Iamtoldtohandinhomeworkontime.否定句Thefloorisn’tcleanedeveryday.Theflowersaren’twateredeveryday.Iamnottoldtohandinhomeworkontime.普通疑问句Isthefloorcleanedeveryday？Aretheflowerswateredeveryday？Areyoutoldtohandinhomeworkontime？第4页真题热身()1.—Don’tsmokehere,Dad.Smoking___inpublicplaces.—Oh,sorry.Iwillstoprightnow.(·福州市)A.isn’tallowedB.aren’tallowedC.doesn’tallow()2.—Thesedays,teenagersoftenhavetodowhattheyto.—It’snotgoodfortheirindependence.Theyneedtothinkontheirown.（·厦门市)A.tellB.aretellingC.aretold中考真题AC第5页考点2普通过去时被动语态(主语+was/were+p.p.)必定句ThecupwasbrokenbyJim.Thetreeswereplantedbythestudentslastyear.否定句Thecupwasn’tbrokenbyJim.Thetreesweren’tplantedbythestudentslastyear.普通疑问句WasthecupbrokenbyJim？Werethetreesplantedbythestudentslastyear？第6页真题热身()1.LastweektheoldbookstoraisemoneyforFreetheChildren.（·泉州市)A.soldB.aresoldC.weresold()2.—Don’tyouknowthemeetingtwohoursago?—No,Idon’t.(·泉州市)A.wascanceledB.canceledC.iscanceled中考真题CC第7页考点3普通未来时被动语态(主语+will/begoingto+be+p.p.)必定句ThemeetingwillbeheldinOctober.ThemeetingisgoingtobeheldinOctober.否定句Themeetingwon’tbeheldinOctober.Themeetingisn’tgoingtobeheldinOctober.普通疑问句WillthemeetingbeheldinOctober？IsthemeetinggoingtobeheldinOctober？第8页真题热身()1.—Whenisthe31stOlympicGames?—It_____inRiodeJaneiroofBrazilinAugust,.（·福州市)A.heldB.isheldC.willbeheld()2.You____anotherdaytomakeyourdecision.(·南平市)A.giveB.aregivingC.willbegiven中考真题CB第9页考点4被动语态在利用过程中几个注意事项连系动词如smell，taste，sound，look，taste等用主动结构表示被动。如：Thefoodsmellsbad.(2)不及物动词及部分动词短语，如happen，takeplace，belongto，breakdown等没有被动语态，如：Mycarbrokedownonmywaytoschool.(3)动词短语变为被动语态时，不能去掉短语中介词或副词，如lookafter，takecareof等，如:Theylookafterthechildwell.第10页(4)主动语态中“十大动词”，如make，see，feel，let，hear，watch，notice，listento，look等后常接不带to动词不定式，但变为被动语态时要加to,如：Hemakesthegirlstayathome.=Thegirlismadetostayathome.(5)有些及物动词表示主语(多为物)某种性质而非人为原因时，作不及物动词，没有被动形式，如sell，write，ride，draw等，且这些动词后多有well，如：Thebikerideswell.(6)needdoing，beworthdoing中doing表示被动意义，如：Yourshoesneedwashing.=Yourshoesneedtobewashed.第11页beusedtodosth./beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事beusedassth.被用作……beusedbysb.被某人使用bemadeof/fromsth.由……组成(可看出原料/不可看出原料)bemadeinswh./bysb.在何地制造/由某人制造becoveredwith/by被……覆盖befilledwith被……装满besoldout卖完，卖光beseen/heardtodo被看见/听到做……bemadetodo被迫做某事It’ssaid/reported/believedthat听说/据报道/人们相信……惯用被动语态词组第12页真题热身()1.Thegirlwasmadeherbrother’s_____clothes.(·邵阳市)A.towash