大学英语四级模拟试卷1002

大学英语四级模拟试卷1002

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispari,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledGrammaror

Communication.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegiven

below：1.英语教学中出现了重交际轻语法的现象2.这一现象发生的原因及其后

果3.我的看法GrammarorCommunication

标准答案：GrammarorCommunicationThereappearsaphenomenonthatmore

attentionispaidtocultivatingcommunicationskillswhilegrammarisneglectedin

Englishteaching.Underthisprevailingtrend,manypeopleholdthebeliefthat

communicationisthemainpurposeofEnglishteaching;someevengosofartosaymany

testsdon'ttakegrammarseriously.However,manyfactorsshouldberesponsiblefbrthis

phenomenon.Ontheonehand,withwidecriticismfromthepublicandmedia,grammar

isthoughttobethecauseoftheso-called"deafanddumb"English.Ontheotherhand,

influencedbycommunicativeteachingmethod,manyteachersinsistthatcommunication

skillsshouldbethepriorityinEnglishteaching.Asaconsequence,manyastudent

cannotwriteanarticlewithoutgrammatical,spellingandtensemistakes.AsfarasIm

concerned,grammarandcommunicationshouldbebalancedinEnglishteaching,and

neithershouldbeoveremphasizedattheexpenseoftheother.Withgrammaticalabilities,

agoodarticlewillbewritten;withcommunicativeskills,"deafanddumb"Englishwill

meetitsfate.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70

分。）

HappinessandSadnessHappinessandsadnessaretwomostbasicandfamiliarfeelings

forhumanbeings.Recently,peoplehaveachievedfurtherunderstandingaboutthem.

HappinessUniversityofIllinois,psychologistEdDiener,whohasstudiedhappinessfora

quartercentury,wasinScotlandrecently,explainingtomembersofParliamentand

businessleadersthevalueofincreasingtraditionalmeasuresofacountry'swealthwitha

nationalindexofhappiness.Suchanindexwouldmeasurepoliciesknowntoincrease

peoplessenseofwell-being,suchasdemocraticfreedoms,accesstohealthcareandthe

ruleoflaw.EricWilsontriedtogetwiththeprogram.Urgedonbyfriends,hebought

booksonhowtobecomehappier.Hemadeeveryefforttosmoothouthishabitual

worriedlookandwearasunnysmile,sinceahappyexpressioncanleadtogenuinely

happyfeelings.Wilson,aprofessorofEnglishatWakeForestUniversity,tookup

jogging,reputedtoboostthebrain'ssupplyofjoyfulneuro-chemicals,andbeganhis

conversationswith"Great!"and"Wonderful!",thebettertoexercisehiscapacityfor

enthusiasm.However,somescientistsarereleasingthemost-extensive-everstudy

comparingmoderateandextremelevelsofhappiness,andfindingthatbeinghappieris

notalwaysbetter.Insurveysof118519peoplefrom96countries,scientistsexamined

howvariouslevelsofsubjectivewell-beingmatchedupwithincome,education,political

participation,volunteeractivitiesandcloserelationships.Theyalsoanalyzedhow

differentlevelsofhappiness,asreportedbycollegestudents,correlatedwithvarious

outcomes.Evenallowingforimprecisioninpeople'sself-reportedsenseofwell-being,

theresultswereunambiguous.Thehighestlevelsofhappinessgoalongwiththemost

stable,longestandmostcontentedrelationships.Thatis,evenalittlediscontentwithyour

partnercancauseyoutolookaroundforsomeonebetter,untilyouarcatbestaserial

monogamist（一天一妻论者）andatworstneverinaloving,stablerelationship.

Nevertheless,nonceamoderatelevelofhappinessisachieved,furtherincreasescan

sometimesbeharmfultoincome,careersuccess,educationandpoliticalparticipation",

DienerandcolleagueswriteinthejournalPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience.Ona

scalefrom1to10,where10sisextremelyhappy,8sismoresuccessfulthan9sand10s,

gettingmoreeducationandearningmore.Thalprobablyreflectsthefactthatpeoplewho

aresomewhatdiscontent,butnotsodepressedastobeparalyzed,aremoremotivatedto

improveboththeirownlot（thusdrivingthemselvestoacquiremoreeducationandseek

ever-more-challengingjobs）andtheloloftheircommunity（causingthemtoparticipate

moreincivicandpoliticallife）.Incontrast,peopleatthetopofthejollinesschartsfeel

nosuchurgency."Ifyou'retotallysatisfiedwithyourlifeandwithhowthingsaregoing

intheworld,"saysDiener,"youdonrtfeelverymotivatedtoworkforchange.Bewary

whenpeopletellyouthatyoushouldbehappier."SadnessThedrawbacksofconstant,

extremehappinessshouldnotbesurprising,sincenegativeemotionsevolvedfora

reason.Feartipsusofftothepresenceofdanger,forinstance.Sadness,too,seemstobe

partofourbiologicalinheritance.Wilsonarguesthatonlybyexperiencingsadnesscan

weexperiencethefullnessofthehumancondition.Healsoassertsthat"thehappymanis

ahollowman,"butheishardlythefirstscholartoseemelancholia（忧郁症）asinspiration.

AclassicalGreektext,possiblywrittenbyAristotle,asks,"Whyisitthatallthosewho

havebecomeoutstandinginphilosophyorpoliticsorpoetryortheartsareclearly

melancholic?1'Wilson'sansweristhat"thebluescanbeacatalyst（催化剂）foraspecial

kindofgenius,ageniusfbrexploringdarkboundariesbetweenopposites."Theever­

restless,thechronicallydiscontent,aredissatisfiedwiththestatusquo,beitinartor

literatureorpolitics.Foralltheirfamiliarity,theseargumentsareneverthelessbeing

crushedbythehappinessmovement.LastAugust,thenovelistMaryGordonlamentedto

TheNewYorkTimesthat"amongwriters...whatisabsolutelynotallowableissadness.

Peoplewilldoanythingratherthantoacknowledgethattheyaresad."And,Jess

DecourcyHinds,anEnglishteacher,recountedhow,afterherfatherdied,friendspressed

hertodistractherselffromherprofoundsadnessandsenseofloss."Whydon'tpeople

acceptthatafteraparent'sdeath,therewillbeyearsofgrief?"shewrote."Everyone

wantsmournersto*snapoutofit'becauseobservinganother'sdistressisn'teasy.nIt's

hardtosayexactlywhenordinaryAmericans,nolessthanpsychiatrists（精神病学家），

beganinsistingthatsadnessispathological（病态的）.Butbytheendofthemillennium

thatattitudewaswellestablished.In1999,ArthurMiller'sDeathofaSalesmanwas

revivedonBroadway50yearsafteritspremiere.Areporteraskedtwopsychiatriststo

readthescript.Theirdiagnosis:WillyLomanwassufferingfromclinicaldepression,a

pathologicalconditionthatcouldandshouldbetreatedwithdrugs.Millerwasappalled.

"Lomanisnotadepressive,1'hetoldTheNewYorkTimes.nHeisweigheddownbylife.

Therearesocialreasonsforwhyheiswhereheis."Whatsocietyonceviewedasan

appropriatereactiontofailedhopesanddasheddreams,itnowregardsasapsychiatric

illness.AsNYU'sWakefieldandAllanHorwitzofRutgersUniversitypointoutinThe

LossofSadness,thismessagehasitsrootsinthebibleofmentalillness,TheDiagnostic

andStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders.Itsdefinitionofa"majordepressiveepisode"

isremarkablybroad.Youmustexperiencefivenot-uncommonsymptoms,suchas

insomnia（失眠）,difficultyconcentratingandfeelingsadorempty,fortwoweeks;the

symptomsmustcausedistressorimpairment,andtheycannotbeduetothedeathofa

lovedone.Anyonemeetingthesecriteriaissupposedtobetreated.Whensomeoneis

appropriatelysad,friendsandcolleaguesoffersupportandsympathy.Butbylabeling

appropriatesadnesspathological,"wehaveattachedastigmatobeingsad,"says

Wakefield,"withtheresultthatdepressiontendstoelicithostilityandrejection"withan

undercurrentof"Getoverit;takeapill."Thenormalrangeofhumanemotionisnot

beingtolerated."Wedon'tknowhowdrugsreactwithnormalsadnessanditsfunctions,

suchasreconstitutingyourlifeoutofthepain,"saysWakefield.Thosepsychiatristsalso

expressdoubtstomedicalisethesadness.

2、AccordingtoEdDiener,whichofthefollowingcanbemeasuredbytheindexof

happiness?

A、Thestandardofmorality.

Thefreedomofspeech.

C、Thesenseofwell-being.

D、Theaccesstohealthcare.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节辨认题。本题考查幸福指数（indexofhappiness）衡量的对象。从

原文可知，幸福指数可以用来测量民主自由度、医疗保障度以及法律效度等。据此

可得出答案为D）。

3、Inordertobehappy,Wilsontriedmanywayssuchas.

A、borrowingbooksonhowtobecomehappier

B、tryingtokeepasunnysmile

C>startinghisconversationswith"Hello!"

D、tryingtohaveagoodrest

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节辨认题。本题考查Wilson通过哪些途径来增加自己的幸福感。

从原文可以知道，他用了三种方法：其一是买了很多关于如何变得更快乐的书；其

二是努力让自己脸上挂着灿烂的笑容；其三是用“Great!”和"Wonderful!”等有激情的

话语开始跟别人谈话。B）描述了第二种方法，故为正确答案。

4、Whohavethehighestlevelsofhappinessaccordingtothesurveyin96countries?

A、Peoplewiththemostwealth.

B、Peoplewiththebesthealth.

C、Peoplewiththehighestposition.

D、Peoplewiththemoststablerelationship.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节辨认题。本题考查在96个国家所做的关于幸福感的调查的结

果。从原文可知，调查发现最高水平的幸福感是与最稳定、最长期和最满意的家庭

关系紧密联系在一起的。由此不难得出答案为D)。

5、AccordingtoDiener'sstatementsinPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience,the

personwithamoderatelevelofhappinesswillget.

A、moreeducation

B、moderatesuccess

C、lessearning

D、morereputation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：同义转述题。由原文可知，幸福感达到一个适度水平是最好的，再增

加的话反而对收入、职业成就、教育和政治参与度有害。取得适度幸福感的人比那

些有着高水平幸福感的人反而会得到更多的成功、教育和收入。题干中的moderate

levelofhappiness相当于原文的8s,由此可知答案为A)。

6、AccordingtnDiener,whydothosepeoplewiththehighestlevelsofhappinesshave

lessmotivationtomoveahead?

A^Becausetheyhavespentalltheirtimepursuinghappiness.

B>Becausetheydon'tallowtheirworktoaffecttheirfeelingofhappiness.

C、Becausetheyaretoosatisfiedwithhappinesstheyhaveowned.

D、Becausetheydonotlikepeopletotellthemtobehappier.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：同义转述题。由原文可知.幸福感最强的人缺少前进的动力。因为他

们对生活和世界上的事情太过满足。据此可知答案为C)o

7、WhichofthefollowingisthepossibleanswertothequestionsetbyAristotlein

Wilson'sopinion?

Thesadnesscanmakeonestronger.

B>Thesadnesscanmakeoneintelligent.

C、Thesadnesscanforceonetothinkmoredeeply.

D、Thesadnesscanmakeonemoredepressed.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：综合推断题。本题考查ArisloUe提出的问题，即为什么那些在哲学、

政治、诗歌和艺术等方面取得重大成就的人都患有明显的忧郁症。Wilson认为忧

郁就像催化剂样，促使人们深入思考对立的观点。由此可知C)“悲伤能使人更深

入地思考”符合文意。

8、AfterthedeathofJessHinds,father,herfriendstriedtohelpheroutof.

A、workingpressure

B>emotionaltrouble

C>economicpressure

D^marriageproblem

标准答案：B

知识点解析：同义转述题。由该句可知，朋友们帮助JessHinds摆脱父亲去世后的

悲伤和失落感，这些都属于情感问题。因此可以得出答案为B）。

9、WillyLoman,thecharacterinDeathofaSalesman,wasdiagnosedbytwo

psychiatriststogetsufferingfrom.

标准答案：clinicaldepression

知识点解析：同义转述题。此处需要填入名测性成分作from的宾语。由原文可

知，精神病学家的诊断是剧中的人物WillyLoman得了临床抑郁症。由此不难得出

答案为clinicaldepressioiio

10NOneexperiencinga"majordepressiveepisode"hastoexperiencefivenot­

uncommonsymptomsforaperiodof.

标准答案：twoweeks

知识点解析：同义转述题。根据题干可知，此处需填入一个表示时间的名词性成

分。由原文可知，一个加郁期要经历五个常见的症状，大致两个星期。由此可知此

处应填入twoweekso

11>Whensomeoneisinbadmood,hisfriendsandcolleaguesshouldgivehim.

标准答案：supportandsympathy

知识点解析：同义转述题。本处要填入名词性成分作give的直接宾语。由原文可

知，当一个人感到悲伤时，他的朋友和同事应该给予支持和同情。故此处应填入

supportandsympathyo

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

12、

Shepreferstoliveinanewhouse.

B、Shehasjustboughtanewhouse.

C、Shelikestohavesomeonewaitforher.

D^Shefeelspleasanttohavearoommate.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义理解题。男士听说女士新租了房子，问女士有室友的感觉怎么

样；女士说她感觉很好，虽然她喜欢一个人住，但回到家后有人做伴也挺好的。由

此可见，总体上说女士感觉有个室友很好。

13、

Findakeyforthewoman.

B、Askthewomantocomebacklater.

C、Taketheexamforthewoman.

D^Trytofindthewoman'snotebook.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：行动计划题。女士说自己准备考试用的笔记本忘在实验室里了，男士

表示他不能让任何人进入实验室。并说自己帮女士进去看看。由此可见，男士将耍

做的是帮女士找笔记本。

14、

A、Hiresomeonetofixthewashingmachine.

B>Usethewashingmachinesinthegym.

C、Notifythemaintenancepeopletofixthemachine.

D^Asksomeoneinhisdormitorytowashhisclothes.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：请求建议题。男士说自己宿舍的洗衣机坏了，而管理员无法修理；女

士用WhynoL..句型建议男士把衣服拿到健身中心去洗，因为那里允许学生使用洗

衣机。由此可见，女士建议男士用健身中心的洗衣机洗衣服。

15、

A、Itisveryboring.

B、Itisveryinteresting.

C、Itisawasteoftime.

D^Itishisresponsibility.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：观点态度题。女士为课后问问题而耽误教授的时间表示抱歉，男士说

没有什么事情能比帮助学生解决学习上的问题让他更感兴趣了。由此可见，教授认

为课后帮学生解决问题很有趣。

16、

A^Theycommunicatewitheachothermainlybye-mails.

B、Theycommunicatewitheachotherbycellphonesmore.

C、Theydidn'thavetheirowncellphonesinthepast.

D、Theyhavetheirownchoicesofwaystocommunicatewitheachother.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：语义推断题。男士问现在的高中生是否更多地通过电子邮件而不是手

机进行交流，女士说两种方式都有，有的学生习惯用手机交流，而有的学生则充分

利用电子邮件交流。由此可见，高中生在与他人联系的方式上有自己的选择。

17、

A、Heissuretoquithisjob.

B、Heisachangeableperson.

C、Hemaynotchangehisjob.

D、Helikestellingjokes.

标准答案：c

知识点0析：细节推断题。男士说John想放弃现在的工作去找别的工作，女士说

别那么相信John的话，因为他刚获得了公司的奖励。由此可以推断，John可能不

会辞职。

18、

A、Therewasnoelectricityinhisarea.

B、Thegamewasn'tshowninhisarea.

C^Hedidn^wanttowatchthegame.

D、Hedidn7thaveaIV.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：目的原因题。女士问男士是否看了上周六的篮球赛，并说最后五分钟

很精彩；男士说他们小区那天晚上停电了，所以他没有看下半场比赛。

19、

A^Oncampus.

Atagallery.

C、Inabookstore.

D、Atagrocerystore.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：关键词题。女士问她能为男士做点什么，男士说自己只是看看这些油

画并赞扬了店不错。由油画（paintings）可以推断，对话发生在画廊。

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题1.0

分,共3分。）

20、

A、Swimmingandjogging.

Joggingandweight-lifling.

C>Weight-liftingandswimming.

D、Joggingonly.

标准答案：C

知识点露析：事实细节题。男士说他每天早上花半个小时举重，并且每隔一天晚上

会去游泳，因此他所参加的运动是举重和游泳。

21、

A、Shedoesthejoggingeveryday.

B>Sheonlyeatsbreadinthemorning.

C、Shegoesoutjoggingintheevening.

D、Sheoftenrunswithlotsoffoodinthestomach.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节辨认题。男士对女士的两个习惯表示了否定：一是每天早上起床

后非常匆忙，抓起面包就去赶公交车；二是每天吃完晚饭后，马上就去跑步。因

此，女士的不良运动习惯是吃饱后就去跑步。

22、

A、Setanalarmclocksothatshecangetupearlyinthemorning.

B、Readmoreaboutjoggingbeforeshemakesanychanges.

C、Gotoafitnesscenterandregisterfbrsomecourses.

D、Findanexpertandgetsomeprofessionalopinion.

标准答案：D:

知识点解析：事实细节题。当女士向男士征求建议时，男上说他自己不是专家，但

是他有一个朋友是健身教练，也许女士可以和这位教练谈一谈，获取一些建议。因

此，男士建议女士找位健身专家以获得专业意见。

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题1.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A、Englishbeginners.

Low-intermediateEnglishlearners.

C、High-intermediateEnglishlearners.

D、AdvancedEnglishlearners.

标准答案：D:

知识点解析：信息明示题。对话中男士明确提到，高级英语学习者掌握了大量的消

极词汇，但是他们担心自己的积极词汇。

24、

A、Wordsthatyouareeagertolearn.

B、Wordsthatyoufinddifficulttounderstand.

C>Wordsthatyouunderstandbutseldomuse.

D、Wordsthatyouoftenuseinspeechandwriting.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：综合理解题。对话中男士提到，高级英语学习者掌握了大量的消极词

汇，但是他们会担心自己的积极词汇。之后解释道，高级英语学习者在阅读和听音

的时候能够理解很多较难的英语词汇，但是在自己说或是写的时候不会使用这些词

汇。综合理解可知，积极词汇指的是自己认识并能在读和写中使用的词汇。

25、

A、Itistotallyuselesstohaveaverylargepassivevocabulary.

B、One'spassivevocabularyislargerthanhisactivevocabulary.

C、Therearcthousandsofwordswedon'tunderstandatall.

D、Peopleneedtoguessthemeaningofmanydifficultwords.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。对话中男士提到，在母语中，有成千上万个认识却不使

用的词汇，因此积极词汇量要比消极词汇量小得多。

26、

A、ItisimportanttohaveaverylargeEnglishvocabulary.

B、Activevocabularyismoreimportantthanpassivevocabulary.

C、Activevocabularyisnotenoughtoexpressourmeaning.

D、ItisunnecessarytoworryaboutusingtootewEnglishwords.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。男士最后告诉女士不要担心自己用的英语词汇过少，随

着表达不同事物的实际需求的增长，女士会使用越来越多的新词，到时就会发现自

己知道的很多。因此，男士的观点是没有必要为使用的词汇量小而担心。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分,共6分。）

27、

A^Theycan'tloseweight.

B、Theycanloseweightbycuttingcaloricsorexercising.

C、Theyreallycan'tkeeptheweightoff.

D^Theyshouldbeonadiettoloseweight.

标准答案.C

知识点嬴析：暂无解析

28、

A、Seniorpeoplearelesslikelytogainweight.

Seniorpeoplearemorelikelytogainweight.

C>Oncepeoplegetfat,theywillsuffervariousproblems.

D、Oncepeoplegetfat.theygainweightsteadily.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、

A、Itmayhaveanegativeinfluence.

B、Itplaysaverysignificantrole.

C、Itismeaningless.

D、Itcanhaveapositiveimpact.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、

A^Schooleducationisincomparable.

B、Privateschoolsareslightlybetterthanpublicschools.

C、Homeeducationisapparentlybetter.

D、Itdependsonvariousfactors.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、Itrequiresalotoftime.

B、Ildoesnotnecessarilyneedmorelime.

C^Itasksfbrmuchmoreenergy.

D、Itmaycausealotoftrouble.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、Helpful.

B、Beneficial.

C、Meaningful.

D、Pointless.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

33、

A、Potentialoftheschool.

B、Makingmoremoneyinthefuture.

C、Popularityoftheschool.

D、Theirownstateofmind.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：信息明示题。短文开篇明确指出，当今许多学生表现出一种让人不安

的倾向，他们基于将来能挣多少钱的考虑来选择院校、研究领域和职业。

34、

A、Todevelopthemselves.

B、Togetahigherdegree.

C>Tobecomeasuccessfulbusinessman.

D、Tomakemoremoney.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文中提到，研究表明，人口生育高峰期出生的人上大

学是为了寻求自我发展、培养思维技巧和个人的人生哲学。

35、

A、Economics.

B、Business.

C、History.

D、English.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。短文中提到，30年前，主修经济学和商业管理的学生

仅占本科生比例的8%,而几乎12%的本科生是主修历史学的。即30年前历史专

业比较受欢迎。

36、

A^Degreesineconomics.

Addedeffort.

C、Medicalschools.

D、Lawschools.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：综合推断题。短文中提到.经济学学位非常受欢迎，因为它能让毕业

生获得高薪且不需像医学院或法学院的学生那样付出更多的努力。从当代大学生的

目标来看，经济学类确实很吸引人。

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。）

Humansaresocialanimals,andmostofustreasureourrelationshipswithfamilyand

friends.An[Bl]lineofresearchsuggeststhatrelationshipscankeepushealthier.

Andanewstudyfindsthatthosesocial[B2]mayalsohelpuslivelonger.This

newstudy[B3]alargenumberofpreviousstudiesandconcludedthatalackof

socialinteractionsranksrightupwithsmoking,obesity,and[B4]asarisk

factorfordeath.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversityanalyzed148studieswith

atotalofsome300000participants,[B5]theirsocialrelationshipsandwhether

theysurvivedtotheendoftheir[B6]study,whichaveragedaboutsevenyears.

Oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,Prof.JulianneHolt-Lunstad[B7]outseveral

waysinwhichrelationshipscanallectourhealth.Theycanhelpuscopewithstress.

Theycanhelpus[B8]healthyhabitslikeeatingwell,exercisingorseeinga

doctor.[B9]."Althoughrelationshipqualitymatters,notallrelationshipsare

entirelypositive,"sheconceded."Soit'spossiblethattheeffectsthatwehavereported

maybeaconservativeestimate,and[B10]."SpeakingviaSkype,Julianne

Holt-Lunstadsaidherresearchsuggeststhatpolicymakersneedtoconsiderrelationships

asahealthissue.Sojustasno-smokingzoneshaveexpandedovertheyears,shesuggests

that[Bll]

37、[Bl]

标准答案：emerging

知识点解析：暂无解析

38、[B2]

标准答案：connections

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[B3I

标准答案：combined

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[B4]

标准答案：alcoholism

知识点解析：同类列举题。空格处需要填入一个名词与smoking,obesity并列，根

据后面的riskfactor可知此名词也应该表示对人类生命构成威胁的因素。结合录音

可得答案为alcoholism,意为“酗酒

41、[B5]

标准答案：tracking

知识点解析：句意推断题。空格所在的句子作整个句子的方式状语，因此空格处需

要填入一个动词分词形式引导该方式状语。在研究过程中，研究者可能会对参与者

进行“追踪结合录音可得答案为tracking,意为“追踪”。

42、[B6]

标准答案：particular

知识点解析：句意推断题。空格处需要填入一个形容词，并且这个词对研究进行限

定。结合录音可得答案为parlicular,意为“特定的”。

43、[B7]

标准答案：pointed

知识点解析：语义推断题。空格处需要填入一个动词的过去式，且可以与oul搭

配。根据下文的severalways可知此处是JulianneHolt-Lunstad教授对人际关系影响

健康的几种方式进行阐述。结合录音可得答案为pointed。pointout.意为“指出

44、[B8]

标准答案：maintain

知识点解析：常用搭配题。根据空格前的help可知空格处需要填入一个动词原

形，且该动词能与“健康的习惯”搭配。结合录音可得答案为maintain,意为“保

持

45、[B9]

标准答案：Andthere'sincreasingresearchthatshowsadirectbutpoorly-understood

linkbetweenrelationshipsandphysiologicalprocessesinthebody

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[B10J

标准答案：thattheoddsofsurvivalassociatedwithhigh-qualityrelationshipsmay

actuallybelarger

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[Bll]

标准答案：cityplanners,forexample,shouldconsiderwhethertheirdecisionsmight

promoteorhinderthedevelopmentofpersonalrelationships

知识点解析：暂无解析

九、阅读(选词填空)(本题共70题，每题7.0分，共

70分。)

Theholidaysareatimeforeating:piesatThanksgiving,chocolatesforAdventand

overflowinggiftbasketsofcookiesandcandiesthroughtheNewYear.Ifyou'rehaving

troublesayingnotothebountyoffatandsugar,giveyourselfabreak:yourwillpower

maybeno[SI]forbrainpathwaysthatmakeovereating—muchlikedrug­

taking一feelsogood.InonestudybyresearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvania,mice

thatwerefedahigh-fatdietduringthefirst20weeksoflifeandhadbecome[S2]

showedsignificantandlastingchangesinbrainareas[S3]inreward一

makingthebrainlessresponsivetothesamefattyfoods.Theresearcherssaidtheeffects

were[S4]tothoseseenindrugaddiction.InanotherstudyfromConcordia

UniversityinMontreal,researchersfoundthathungryratssoughtheroinwhenfoodwas

notthere.Itwouldn'tbequiterighttosuggest,[S5],thatfoodworksonthe

brain'sdrugpathways.Rather,it'stheotherwayaround,"Drugaddictionisreally[S6]

someofthesepathwaysthatevolvedtopromotefood[S7]forsurvival

reasons,"RalphDiLeone,associateprofessorofpsychiatryatYaleUniversity.Soisfood

really[S8],likeadrug?That'sstillnotclear,butit'slikelythatcompulsive

overeatingprobablybearssome[S9]toaddiction.Anyonewho'sgottenlostin

the[S10]ofpolishingoffapintofmintchipicecreamknowshowharditcanbe

tostop.A)obeseF)kidnappingK)similarB)competilionG)digestL)addictiveC)however

H)matchM)whateverD)intakeI)addictedN)involvedE)pleasureJ)resemblance

O)hijacking

48、[SI]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格处的句子结构可知，空格处应为名词形式。上句

指出，如果不能拒绝食用大量的油腻食品和糖果，那么就需要节制。冒号在此表示

解释，由空格处句子的后半部分可知，暴食让大脑兴奋，此时的意志力会如何。然

后结合选项中的名词,benomatchfor为固定搭配表示“根本不是对手”，由此可以看

出match“竞赛；对手”符合句意。

49、[S2]

标准答案:A

知识点解析：语义推断题。由空格处的句子结构可知，空格处应为形容词形式。空

格处的前半部分表示老鼠出生后的前20周内喂食高脂肪食物，然后会怎样。obese

表示“肥胖的”，在给老鼠喂食20周的高脂肪食物后其身体变胖，所以。bese符合

原文意思。

50、[S3]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据本句结构，空格处应该为修饰性成分，因为本句的

句子结构已是完整的“主语+谓语+宾语“，inbrainareas在句中作状语，其后的成分

修饰brainareas,因此需选用动词的分词形式或形容词，结合选项中能和in搭配的

动词的分词形式或形容词，只有involved”涉及；包含“符合句意。involvedin有“参

与，与……有关''的含义。

51、[S4]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。空格前的were表明，空格处需要填入形容词或动

词。空格处的句子前半部分是说油腻食物对大脑的影响，后半部分是说毒品对大脑

产生的影响，再结合选项中的形容词和动词，可以推断similar符合题意，表示两

种效果相似。因此，similar”相似的，类似的”是正确答案。

52、[S5]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义衔接题。句子结构表明空格处为插入成分，根据选项中所给的单

词，可以作插入成分的只有however和whatever两个单词，结合句意”据此就得出

结论说食物刺激大脑产生毒瘾是完全错误的“，可以推断出空格处应填入表示转折

关系的副词。故however"然而，不过”符合句意。

53、[S6]

标准答案：。

知识点解析：动词辨析题。空格处应填入动词作句子的谓语。在备选的动词中，有

hijacking和kidnapping可选,hijacking和kidnapping都有“劫持”的意思，但是只有

hijacking有“控制”的意思，由句意可知揖瘾会影响大脑的某些部位，因此hijacking

符合句意。

54、[S7]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，空格处应填入能与名词food搭配

的词，并且作promote的宾语，由此可知此处应填入名词。空格处句意为“这些部

位会刺激食物——来确保生存的需求”，结合选项中的名词，可以推知intake”食物

等的摄入量''符合句意。

55、[S8]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据句子结构和空格所在句的句子意思，应填入形容

词，表示食物会像毒品一样产生什么效果，备选项中的addicted和addictive两词比

较符合题意，addicted表示,、有瘾的；沉迷于...的"，addictive表示F史人成瘾的；

使人入迷的“，因此，可以推断addiclive符合句意。

56、[S9]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，此处应填入可以与some和介词10

搭配的名词，作bears的宾语。这里的句意为“但是难以抑制的暴食可能与毒瘾有

----。”结合备选名词的词义可知，resemblance"相似，类似“符合句意。

57、[SI0]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格处结构可知，此处需要填入一个与of搭配的名

词作lost的宾语。结合备选名词的词义可知,pleasure"满足,愉快”符合句意,lost

inthepleasureof意为“沉浸在...的满足之中

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分，共10分。）

Beginninginthe1950sand1960s,Japanbegandevelopingareputationforitslongevity.

Bythe1970s,theJapanesewerethelongestlivedofanypopulationintheworld.

Althoughgeneticpredispositionsandculturalfactorslikedietcertainlycontributedtothe

longlifespanoftheJapanese,itwasthecountry'skaihoken,oruniversalhealthcare,that

waslargelyresponsibleforboostingqualityoflifeandincreasingthecountry'slife

expectancy.Inrecognitionof50yearsofkaihoken,themedicaljournalLancetrecently

publishedaspecialissueexploringJapaneselongevity.Unfortunately,it'snotallgood

news.EventhoughJapancontinuestohavethehighestlifeexpectancyintheworld,itis

ontracktobeoutpacedbyotherlong-livedcountries,likeSweden,ItalyandAustralia.

Researchersbelievethatrelativelyhighratesoftobaccouse,changesindietthathave

raisedbody-massindex,andtherisingrateofsuicidearecontributingioJapan'sslowing

declinesinratesofadultmortality（死亡率）."Ifrecenttrendscontinue,othernationsare

likelytoachievelowerralesofadultmortalitythanJapan,nsaidProfessorChristopher

MurrayoftheInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluation,UniversityofWashington,

Seattle.HeaddedthatJapan'suniversalhealthcaresystemmaynotbesufficientlynimble

enoughtoaddressmounting21st-centuryhealthproblems.HInaneraofeconomic

stagnation,politicalturmoil。昆乱)，agingpopulationsandinadequatetobaccocontrol,

Japandoesnotseemtobeeflectiveinaddressingitsnewsetofhealthchallenges.Itwill

takemorethanuniversalaccesstoalow-spending,high-volumehealthsystemtotackle

thesechallenges."Physicalillnessisnottheonlydragonthecountry'slifeexpectancy:

morethan30000Japanesepeopletaketheirownliveseachyear,perhapsthecontinuing

aftereffectofthe1997financialcrisis.Still,thebiggesthealthchallengefacingthe

Japanesearcrelatedtolifestylefactorslikecigarettesmoking,obesityanduncontrolled

bloodpressure—allofwhichcontributetochronichealthproblemsthattaxthepublic

healthcaresystem.Thatsystemisalreadystrainedbythedemandsofanaging

populace(AP)andbyinjuriesassociatedwithrecentnaturaldisasters,suchastheMarch

2011earthquake.

58、Bythe1970s,Japanhadthehighestlifeexpectancymainlybecausethe

Japanese.

A、possessedexceptionalgenesforlongevity

B、benefitedfromtheuniversalhealthcaresystem

C^weremorecarefulwiththequalityoflife

D、paidgreatattentiontodietsandphysicalhealth

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节辨认题。第二句指出，到20世纪70年代，日本成为世界上人口

寿命最长的国家。第三句利用Alihough进行转折递进：尽管遗传倾向和饮食习惯

之类的文化因素无疑促成了日本人的长寿，但是日本所实行的kaihoken,即全民医

疗保险制度极大地改善了生活质量并提高了这个国家的人口平均预期寿命。由此可

知B)“得益于全民医疗保险制度”为正确答案。

59、WhatdoweknowaboutJapan'slifeexpectancyaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

A、Somenegativefactorsbegintoaffectit.

Ilhasbeenoutpacedbythatofothercountries.

C、Higherratesoftobaccousethreatenitmost.

D、Italwaysgoesdownwiththefinancialcrisis.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节辨认题。本段介绍了日本的“长寿之国''的地位正在被动摇，而新

出现的各种健康问题使三本全民医疗保险体系受到挑战。通过定位段可知，相对较

高的吸烟率、提高体重由数的饮食变化以及攀升的自杀率等因素正在影响H