河南省许昌市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题【含答案】

第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber页，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages页第PAGE"pagenumber"pagenumber页，共NUMPAGES"numberofpages"numberofpages页河南省许昌市2024-2025学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）Herearefourstudentpodcasts(播客)thatofferaglimpseintothemindsofstudentsandwhattheysayaboutnewsconcerningclimateintheircommunities—andwhattheyhopetodoaboutit.BehindtheScenesoftheMosquitoFireIna10-episodeseries,asixth-gradeclassattheGeorgetownSchoolofInnovationinGeorgetown,Calif.,sharesstoriesfromthedamagingMosquitoFirein2022.ThisgroupofeightstudentsaskstwofirefightersfromtheGeorgetownFireDepartmentwhatit’sliketofightfiresandprotectlovedonesintheirhometown.Fires:SetAblazeAtChautauquaElementary,theVashonfifth-graderstalkaboutthefar-reachingandlastingimpactofwildfiresandwildfiresmoke—andthedirecteffectsontheirlives,likewaitingfortheschoolbusonasmokyday.Thestudentsalsointerviewexpertsandsharetheirresearchonwildfireprecautions(预防措施).FlowingThroughTimeInthispodcastfromPeakAcademy,agroupofeightmiddleschoolersreportsondealingwithwatershortagesinBozeman,Montana.Theytracethehistoryoftheirgrowinghometown’swatersupply,whichhasbeendependentonmountainsnowmelt.Asthatsourcebecomeslessreliableinawarmingworld,thestudentsturntothegrown-upstoaskwhattheycandotoconservewater.WashedAwayThedeadlyfloodingineasternKentuckylastyearforeverchangedthelivesofhighschoolersRyleyBowman,CarolinaJohnsonandHunterNoble.ThethreeclassmatesatMorganCountyHighSchoolinWestLiberty,Ky.,sharefirsthandaccountsoftheirownandtheirfamily’sexperiencesduringthefloods.1．Whoshowsinterestinfirefighters’stories?A．PeakAcademystudents. B．ChautauquaElementarystudents.C．MorganCountyHighSchoolstudents. D．GeorgetownSchoolofInnovationstudents.2．Whichpodcastshowsconcernforwaterconservation?A．WashedAway. B．Fires:SetAblaze.C．FlowingThroughTime. D．BehindtheScenesoftheMosquitoFire.3．WhatdoFires:SetAblazeandWashedAwayhaveincommon?A．Theyconsultexperts’researchresults.B．Theyexplorethecausesofclimatechange.C．Theysharestudents’personalexperiences.D．Theydiscussprecautionsfornaturaldisasters.“I’veneverpickedthejobsI’vedoneinmylife,”saysMarkSadler,whospent20yearsworkingattheLondonunderground.Butwhenheretired,hebecamealifeguard.Threeyearsago,Sadlerwasgivingbloodwhenhefeltchestpain.Hesays,“Thedoctorasked:‘Doyoudrink?’Yeah,probablytoomuch.‘Doyousmoke?’Yes.TheycouldseebymysizethatIatetoomuch.”ThenSadlerstoppedsmokinganddrinking.“I’vealwayshadtoearnasmuchasIcantoprovideformyfamily,”Sadlersays.Attheunderground,helookedaftertheengineeringfleet(工程车队).Heworked10-to12-hourdays,andoftenreturnedtovisitthetunnelsatnight.“IfIgotthecallat1,I’dbeonthegoat1:15.”Heregardshiswifeandtwodaughtersas“alwaysthemostimportantthinginmylife”,butwhileheworked,“theywerewrappedinclingfilm(保鲜膜)”.Hemeanshecouldseethem,buttheywereinaseparateworld.That’swhySadlermadehisdaughters,bythenadults,anoffer.“Itoldthem:‘Ifyouhaveachild,Iwillbecomeafull-timegrandparent.’”Forthepastcoupleofyears,hehascombinedcaringforhisgranddaughterwithlifeguardingverywell.Beingagrandparent,hesays,hasshown“howmuchImissed”asafather.Nowheispartofacommunity.“Inmyoldjob,Iusedtosaytoeveryone:‘Everydayyou’relearning.’IfeelthatevenmorenowthatI’vegotto60.I’mdoingsomethingthatIchose.Icanbalancemyjobwithmywifeandfamily.ItiseverythingIwant.”4．WhatmadeSadlerchangehislifestyle?A．Ahealthproblem. B．Pursuitofanidealjob.C．Anaccidentattheunderground. D．Financialpressuresfromhisfamily.5．WhatwasSadler’sexperiencelikewhileworkingattheunderground?A．Itofferedhimflexibility. B．Itwasphysicallydangerous.C．Itwasassociatedwithstress. D．Itallowedhimtotraveltheworld.6．WhydidSadlerdecidetobecomeafull-timegrandparent?A．Toescapejob-relatedburnout. B．Toenjoyhisretirement.C．Tochallengehimself. D．Tofocusonfamily.7．HowdoesSadlerfeelabouthiscareershift?A．Regretful. B．Nervous. C．Relieved. D．Satisfied.Humansareconstantlylookingforbettersolutionstotheproblemswefaceinourdailylives.Onenewschoolofthoughtsuggeststhatanswerscanbefoundinnature.Thisideaiscalled“biomimicry.”Biomimicryproposesthatifotherorganismshavealreadyfoundasolutiontoaproblem,wecancopythatsolutioninsteadofstartingfromthebeginning.Biomimicryusesthevastdevelopmentwe’vemadeinscienceandtechnology.Take,forinstance,thechallengeofkeepingabuildingcleanwithoutusingtoxic(有毒的)chemicals.AteamofGermanscientistslookedatalotus(莲花)leafunderamicroscope,andtheydiscoveredthesurfaceoftheleafwascoveredwithmountains.Thetinypeaksstoppeddirtparticles(微粒)fromstickingtotheleaves’surface.Theyalsomaderaindropsformintoballs.Asthedropsrolledofftheleaf,theyliftedthedirtandcarrieditaway.Theyscientistsdevelopedatypeofpaintbasedonthestructureofthelotusleaf,whichhasasimilar“mountainous”surfacewhenitdries.Whenthepaintisusedontheoutsideofbuildings,rainwaterwashesthedirtaway.Anotherimportantideainbiomimicryisthathumansshouldtrytocopythewaythatnaturalsystemswork.Mostmodernkitchencabinetsaremadewithgluethatcontainsatoxicchemical.AscientistnamedDr.KaichangLiwantedtofindareplacementgluethatwouldworkjustaswellwithoutthatchemical.Walkingonthebeachoneday,henoticedtheanswerwasrightinfrontofhim.Mussels(贻贝)wereeverywhere,clingingtotherocksinthewater.Afterstudyinghowthemusselsmadetheirstickythreads,hecreatedanontoxicglue.8．Whatisthemaincharacteristicof“biomimicry”?A．Itreliesonreinventingsolutions.B．Itprioritizescopyingoverinnovation.C．Itemphasizestheapplicationofadvancedtechnology.D．Itencouragestheuseoftraditionalmethodsinproblem-solving.9．Whatisthesimilaritybetweenthedriedpaintandlotusleavesaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Theycollectwater. B．Theyhavearoughsurface.C．Theyresistdirtyraindrops. D．Theycontainthesamesubstance.10．Whatmighttheauthorconveythroughthecaseofmakinganontoxicglue?A．Productsshouldberecycledandreused.B．Wasteproductsareaconcerninbiomimicry.C．Glueproductionisasignificantenvironmentalissue.D．Studyingthewaynaturalsystemsworkcanhelpreducepollution.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Naturedoesitbetter B．LearningfromnatureC．Shouldweputtechnologybackintonature? D．Howcanbiomimicryhelpredesigncivilization?Picturethis:You’rehomealone,andit’snearingdinnertime.Yougrababoxofcookiesfromthecupboard,someolivesandbabycarrotsfromthefridge.Thenyoueatrightoffthekitchencounterwithyourfingers.Alltold,themealtakesfiveminutes,oneplate,andnoutensils(餐具).You,myfriend,havejustmadeyourselfa“girldinner.”WhatoncemayhavebeenasheepishtraditionhasrecentlyachievedviralfameontheinternetthankstoOliviaMaher,whofirstcoinedthephenomenoninaTikTok.Thetrendhassinceamassednearlyonebillionviews.Whereusershavestartedsharingtheirowncreations.Therearesomepotentialbenefitsofthiskindofmeal.Forone,slightlysmallerportions(份额)beforebedtimecouldbeagoodthing.“It’sreallynutritionallybettertoeatalargermealinthemiddleofthedayandalightermealatnight,”

saysKimaCargill,apsychologyprofessor.“Alotofcultureswilljusteat,likeleftovers,orsoupandbreadorsomethingfordinner,”shesays,“whichfromadigestionviewpoint,isabetter.”Womenoftenassumecaretakingrolesinahousehold,ontopofalltheirotherdailyliferesponsibilities.“Girldinnerencouragespeopletolistentoandfollowtheirheart.Itcanbeacelebrationoffreedom,ifonlyforonemeal,fromthatdomesticlabor,”nutritionistAlissaRumseysays.Thetrendhasalsoraisedeyebrowsforwhatsomeargueisasupportforlow-caloriesnacksinsmall,sometimesinsubstantialportions.“Mybiggestconcernwiththisisthatmanyofthese‘girldinners’thatweseeonsocialmediaarenotenough,whichcanbothpromoteandnormalizedisorderedeatingandunder-eating,”Rumseysays.Heradvice:avoidandunfollowanycontentcreatorsthatmakeyoufeelshame.Evenifavideoisn’tdirectlyaboutweightloss,it’shardnottoseeaperson’sdailyfoodintakeasguidelinesonhowtolooklikethem.Butwhatworksforthemmaynotworkforyou.12．Whatdoestheterm“girldinner”referto?A．Alow-effortmeal. B．Aweight-losingdiet.C．Atime-honoredrecipe. D．Amoney-savingsnack.13．WhataspectofthegirldinnerisappreciatedbyKimaCargill?A．It’srichnutritionally. B．It’softeninsmallportions.C．Itstendencytobeeatenathome. D．Itsexpressionofculturalidentity.14．WhatdoesthegirldinnermeantowomenaccordingtoAlissaRumsey?A．Tiresomehousework. B．Efforttomeetkids’wishes.C．Anopportunityforsocializing. D．Abreakfromdailyresponsibilities.15．WhatdoesAlissaRumseyrecommend?A．Limitingyourtimeonline.B．Avoidingfollowingothers’dietsblindly.C．Takinginlow-caloriesnacksinsmallportions.D．Reducingthefrequencyofeatingthegirldinner.ThepursuitofKnowledge:BenefitsofLifelongLearningLifelongLearninghasbecomeessentialinaworldconstantlychangingduetorapidlyadvancingtechnology,evolvingjobfields,andshiftingculturalnorms.16.Inthiscontext,wewillexplorethereasonsforengaginginlifelonglearning.Itincreasesmotivation.Gainingnewknowledgeanddevelopingskillscanbeafunandrewardingexperienceformanypeople.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter,80%oflifelonglearnerssaidthattheypursuedlearningbecausetheydesiredtoacquireknowledgethatwouldhelpmaketheirmoremotivatingandfulfilled(满足的).17,asyouwouldoftenfeelasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyoulearnnewthings.18.AccordingtoresearchinthePsychologicalSciencejournal,acquiringnewskillsnotonlydeepsyourbrainactiveandsharpbutalsohelpsimprovecognitive(认知的)function,delayingmemoryproblemsasyouage.Additionally,learningnewsubjectsenhancesproblem-solvingskills,asnotedbyDr.BarbaraOakley,anexpertinlearningandengineering.Ithelpsyougrowpersonally.Acquiringnewskillsnotonlyboostsyourconfidencebutalsoempowersyou,exposingyoutoabroaderperspectivebyintroducingdifferentviewsandcultures.19.Itimprovesyourcareer.20,astheyadaptbetteratwork.ALinkedInsurveyalsorevealedthat76%ofprofessionalsbelievelearningnewskillsiscriticaltosuccessintheircareers.A．IthelpsyoustaypositiveB．ItboostsyourbrainpowerC．Itisnolongerjustachoice;itisanecessityD．This,inturn,enhancesyourunderstandingofothersE．39%ofprofessionallearnerssaidtheydesiredtoimprovethemselvestoobtainaraiseF．Continuouslylearningandimprovingyourselfcouldprovideenormousself-satisfactionG．Thereport“TheFutureofJobs”highlightsthatemployersvaluelifelonglearnershighly二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）Attheageof41,Istillstutter(口吃).Iamfinewithitnowbutthatwasn’talwaysthe21.Itwasdifficultforthefirstcoupleofyearsofschool.Infact,Idon’trecallbeing22atall,thoughtherewasagreatdealofcuriosityaboutmy23speech.Afewyearslater,Ibeganto24beingdifferent.IfeltthatIstoodoutforallthewrongreasons.Just25thepainofnotevenbeingabletosayyourownname,Iwouldoftengive26nameswhenmeetingnewpeople,becauseitwaseasier.Itwas27formetobeJasonorMike,ChrisorKevinorjustwhateversoundsIwasconfidentIcouldmakeatthatparticularmoment.Sometimeineighthgrade,my28changed.IturnedwhatI’dalwaysthoughtofasanegativeintoapositive.Ifinally29thatdifferenceandranwithit.30waitinginfearfortheteacherto31myname,IraisedmyhandwhenIknewtheanswertoaquestion.Ialwaysvolunteeredtoreadandevenusedoralpresentationsasanopportunitytoshowmycomedictalents.Iwentfromastutteringkidwhoseldomspokeawordtoastutteringmanwhonowspeaksfora(n)32.Self-acceptancecontinuestobeessentialinthesuccessI’veexperiencedasaspeaker,comedian,writerandsoldier.Myonly33isthatitdidn’thappensooner.It’snevereasytobeakid.It’sespecially34whenyou’redifferent,butitdoesn’thavetobe.Thetimetoacceptyour35isnow.21．A．process B．reason C．case D．target22．A．madeuseof B．stirredup C．takencareof D．madefunof23．A．abnormal B．long C．informal D．chosen24．A．desire B．promise C．dislike D．suspect25．A．imagine B．avoid C．predict D．record26．A．similar B．false C．official D．personal27．A．fatal B．common C．familiar D．strange28．A．duty B．option C．identity D．attitude29．A．repeated B．postponed C．accepted D．spotted30．A．Insteadof B．Dueto C．Asfor D．Inreturnfor31．A．type B．change C．call D．spell32．A．award B．promise C．excuse D．living33．A．request B．regret C．decision D．explanation34．A．natural B．beneficial C．essential D．tough35．A．intelligence B．uniqueness C．advantage D．mistake三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Themamianqunorhorse-facedskirtisaskirtthatfirstoriginatedsomewhereclosetotheSongDynasty.It’snamedthiswaybecauseit36(look)likethemarnianfortress(要塞),whichhasstairsoneithersideandadoorin37frontandback.The‘doors’sidesofthefortress38(know)asthe“horsefaces”ormamianbecausethesewerethefacesofthefortresswherehorseswouldpassthrough.Themamianqungainedgreat39(popular)duringtheMingDynastyandremainedfashionableduringtheQingDynasty.Thesedays,mamianqunhasbeenmodernized40anumberofways.Keeptheshirtsimple,usuallyjustplainwhite,sothatalltheattentioncanbeonthe41(color)skirtanditscomplicateddesigns.42(alternative),ifyoupreferamorefeminine(女性的)feel,youcanchoosemamianquninspiredbytheSongDynasty,43typicallycomesinlightercolorsandfeaturessimplerdesigns,thoughittakeslongertime44(find)them.Someofthefabricsformamianqunareincrediblethesedays,45(involve)imagesofadorablecartoonrabbitsandcatswhilestilllookingveryclassyfromadistance!四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）46．世界海洋日即将到来，你校计划组织同学们观看自然纪录片(documentary)《蔚蓝之境》。该片以中国近海为舞台，着眼海洋生态和资源，呈现一片神秘、壮阔、充满活力的蔚蓝之境。请用英语写一封信，邀请你的交换生朋友Allen一起观看。内容包括：1.简单介绍《蔚蓝之境》(“TheBlueWorld”)；2.观看时间和地点。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡上的相应位置作答。DearAllen,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasakid,myparentsbroughtmeafour-month-oldpuppy(小狗).MyfamilynamedthepuppyDusty.AlthoughIwantedtolayonlyclaimtoheraffections,inafamilyofsevenkids,noonelayspermanentclaimtothefamilypet.Dustywasourdog,not“my”dog.Wesoonrealizedthatshehadpatience.MybabysisteroftentransformedDusty’swarmfurintoanaptimepillow—fallingasleeponthecarpet.Likeaprotectivemother,Dustywaited—withoutmoving—untilmysisterwoke.Dustydoubledasaschoolcrossingguard,too.MondaythroughFridayshe’dwalkuskidstwoblockstoSt.Patrick’sParochial,lookingbothwaystocheckforthetrafficbeforeallowingustocrossthestreet.We’dwavegood-byeasweenteredthedoor,knowingDustywouldbewaitingattheschooldoortoclaimusatthecloseoftheschoolday.OfallthecontributionsDustymadetoourfamily,oneincidentstandsoutfaraboveallothers.Lateonenight,Dustyrushedtomyparents’bedroom.Shebarkedandbarked.Whenshegotnoresponse,Dustyracedupstairstomybedroomandmybrothers’bedroomandbarkedagainandagain.Whenshefailedtofullywakeus,sheflewbackdownthestepsandreturnedtomyparents’room.Finally,shegotMom’sattention.“Whatareyoudoing,Dusty?”Momsaid,stillhalfwayindreamland.Dustypersisted(坚持).Finallymymothergavein.“Okay,whatisit?”DustyrushedoutofMom'sroom.Thinkingthedogneededtobeletouttorelieveherself,mymotherfollowedDustytothefrontdoor.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡上的相应位置作答。WhenMomopenedthedoor,Dustytoreacrossthestreet,notstoppingtodoherbusinessasmymotherhadassumed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mymothercalledthefiredepartmentimmediately.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．D2．C3．C【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个学生播客，他们关注自己社区的气候新闻，并分享他们的观点和希望采取的行动。【解析】1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ina10-episodeseries,asixth-gradeclassattheGeorgetownSchoolofInnovationinGeorgetown,Calif.,sharesstoriesfromthedamagingMosquitoFirein2022.ThisgroupofeightstudentsaskstwofirefightersfromtheGeorgetownFireDepartmentwhatit’sliketofightfiresandprotectlovedonesintheirhometown.”（在一个10集的系列节目中，加州乔治城乔治敦创新学院的一个六年级班级分享了2022年破坏性的蚊子大火的故事。这组8名学生向来自乔治城消防局的两名消防员询问在家乡救火和保护亲人是什么感觉）可知，GeorgetownSchoolofInnovation的学生对消防员的故事感兴趣。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据文章FlowingThroughTime下“InthispodcastfromPeakAcademy,agroupofeightmiddleschoolersreportsondealingwithwatershortagesinBozeman,Montana.Theytracethehistoryoftheirgrowinghometown’swatersupply,whichhasbeendependentonmountainsnowmelt.Asthatsourcebecomeslessreliableinawarmingworld,thestudentsturntothegrown-upstoaskwhattheycandotoconservewater.”（在这个来自PeakAcademy的播客中，八个中学生报道了他们如何应对蒙大拿州博兹曼的水资源短缺。他们追溯了他们不断发展的家乡的供水历史，这个供水源依赖于山上的雪水融化。随着这个水源在全球变暖的世界中变得不可靠，学生们转向成年人，询问他们可以做些什么来节约水资源。）可知，FlowingThroughTime的播客关注水资源保护。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“AtChautauquaElementary,theVashonfifth-graderstalkaboutthefar-reachingandlastingimpactofwildfiresandwildfiresmoke—andthedirecteffectsontheirlives,likewaitingfortheschoolbusonasmokyday.Thestudentsalsointerviewexpertsandsharetheirresearchonwildfireprecautions(预防措施).”（在肖托夸小学，瓦松小学的五年级学生谈论野火和野火烟雾的深远而持久的影响，以及对他们生活的直接影响，如在烟雾弥漫的日子里等校车。学生们还采访了专家，分享了他们对野火预防措施的研究）和第五段“ThedeadlyfloodingineasternKentuckylastyearforeverchangedthelivesofhighschoolersRyleyBowman,CarolinaJohnsonandHunterNoble.ThethreeclassmatesatMorganCountyHighSchoolinWestLiberty,Ky.,sharefirsthandaccountsoftheirownandtheirfamily’sexperiencesduringthefloods.”（去年发生在肯塔基州东部的致命洪水永远地改变了高中生赖利·鲍曼、卡罗莱纳·约翰逊和亨特·诺布尔的生活。肯塔基州西自由市摩根县高中的三名同学分享了他们自己和家人在洪水中的亲身经历）可知，Fires:SetAblaze和WashedAway共同之处是他们分享学生的个人经历。故选C。【答案】4．A5．C6．D7．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马克•萨德勒在伦敦地铁工作了20年，当他退休后，他成为了一名救生员。讲述了他的个人经历。【解析】4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Threeyearsago,Sadlerwasgivingbloodwhenhefeltchestpain.Hesays,“Thedoctorasked:‘Doyoudrink?’Yeah,probablytoomuch.‘Doyousmoke?’Yes.TheycouldseebymysizethatIatetoomuch.”ThenSadlerstoppedsmokinganddrinking.(三年前，萨德勒在献血时感到胸痛。他说：“医生问我：‘你喝酒吗？“是的，可能太多了。‘你抽烟吗？’是的。他们可以从我的身材看出我吃得太多了。”后来，萨德勒停止了吸烟和饮酒)”可知，健康问题让萨德勒改变了他的生活方式。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Heworked10-to12-hourdays,andoftenreturnedtovisitthetunnelsatnight.“IfIgotthecallat1,I’dbeonthegoat1:15.”(他每天工作10到12个小时，并经常在晚上回到隧道。“如果我在1点接到电话，我就会在1点15分开始工作。”)”可知，萨德勒在地铁的工作是有压力的。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“That’swhySadlermadehisdaughters,bythenadults,anoffer.“Itoldthem:‘Ifyouhaveachild,Iwillbecomeafull-timegrandparent.’”Forthepastcoupleofyears,hehascombinedcaringforhisgranddaughterwithlifeguardingverywell.Beingagrandparent,hesays,hasshown“howmuchImissed”asafather.(这就是为什么萨德勒给当时已经成年的女儿们提议。“我告诉他们：‘如果你们有孩子，我就当全职爷爷。’”在过去的几年里，他把照顾孙女和救生员结合得很好。他说，当上了祖父母，让我看到了自己当父亲时“错过了很多”)”可知，萨德勒决定成为一名全职祖父母是为了关注家庭。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“IfeelthatevenmorenowthatI’vegotto60.I’mdoingsomethingthatIchose.Icanbalancemyjobwithmywifeandfamily.ItiseverythingIwant.(现在我已经60岁了，这种感觉更加强烈。我在做我选择的事情。我可以平衡我的工作与我的妻子和家庭。这是我想要的一切)”可知，萨德勒对自己的职业转变感到满意。故选D。【答案】8．B9．B10．D11．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“仿生学”以及仿生学的优点。【解析】8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Biomimicryproposesthatifotherorganismshavealreadyfoundasolutiontoaproblem,wecancopythatsolutioninsteadofstartingfromthebeginning.(仿生学认为，如果其他生物已经找到了解决问题的方法，我们可以复制这个方法，而不是从头开始)”可知，“仿生学”的主要特征是优先考虑复制而不是创新。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第三段“AteamofGermanscientistslookedatalotus(莲花)leafunderamicroscope,andtheydiscoveredthesurfaceoftheleafwascoveredwithmountains.Thetinypeaksstoppeddirtparticles(微粒)fromstickingtotheleaves’surface.Theyalsomaderaindropsformintoballs.Asthedropsrolledofftheleaf,theyliftedthedirtandcarrieditaway.Theyscientistsdevelopedatypeofpaintbasedonthestructureofthelotusleaf,whichhasasimilar“mountainous”surfacewhenitdries.Whenthepaintisusedontheoutsideofbuildings,rainwaterwashesthedirtaway.(一组德国科学家在显微镜下观察了一片荷叶，他们发现叶子的表面覆盖着“山脉”。这些微小的尖峰阻止了污垢颗粒粘在叶子表面。它们还把雨滴做成球。当水珠从叶子上滚下来时，它们把泥土带走了。科学家们根据荷叶的结构开发了一种涂料，这种涂料在干燥时具有类似的“山区”表面。当油漆用于建筑物外部时，雨水会将污垢冲走)”可知，涂料和荷叶的相似之处是都表面粗糙。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“AscientistnamedDr.KaichangLiwantedtofindareplacementgluethatwouldworkjustaswellwithoutthatchemical.Walkingonthebeachoneday,henoticedtheanswerwasrightinfrontofhim.Mussels(贻贝)wereeverywhere,clingingtotherocksinthewater.Afterstudyinghowthemusselsmadetheirstickythreads,hecreatedanontoxicglue.(一位名叫李开昌博士的科学家想找到一种替代胶水，它可以在没有这种化学物质的情况下发挥同样的作用。一天，他在海滩上散步，发现答案就在他面前。贻贝到处都是，粘在水里的岩石上。在研究了贻贝如何制造粘稠的线之后，他发明了一种无毒的胶水)”可知，作者想通过制造无毒胶水的案例来表明研究自然系统的工作方式有助于减少污染。故选D。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Humansareconstantlylookingforbettersolutionstotheproblemswefaceinourdailylives.Onenewschoolofthoughtsuggeststhatanswerscanbefoundinnature.Thisideaiscalled“biomimicry.”(人类一直在寻找更好的解决方案来解决我们日常生活中面临的问题。一种新的思想流派认为答案可以在自然界中找到。这个想法被称为“仿生学”)”结合文章主要介绍了什么是“仿生学”以及仿生学的优点可知，B选项“向自然学习”最符合文章标题。故选B。【答案】12．A13．B14．D15．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“girldinner”这一现象的起源、特点、利弊等。【解析】12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thenyoueatrightoffthekitchencounterwithyourfingers.Alltold,themealtakesfiveminutes,oneplate,andnoutensils(餐具).You,myfriend,havejustmadeyourselfa“girldinner.”(然后你可以直接在厨房的柜台上用手指吃东西。总而言之，这顿饭只花了五分钟，一个盘子，没有餐具。你，朋友，刚刚为自己做了一顿“girldinner”)”可知，“girldinner”指的是一顿不费力的饭。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Therearesomepotentialbenefitsofthiskindofmeal.Forone,slightlysmallerportions(份额)beforebedtimecouldbeagoodthing.“It’sreallynutritionallybettertoeatalargermealinthemiddleofthedayandalightermealatnight,”saysKimaCargill,apsychologyprofessor.(这种饮食有一些潜在的好处。首先，睡前少吃一点可能是件好事。心理学教授KimaCargill说：“中午多吃一顿，晚上少吃一点，从营养上来说真的更好”)”可知，KimaCargill欣赏“girldinner”的地方在于它常常量少。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Girldinnerencouragespeopletolistentoandfollowtheirheart.Itcanbeacelebrationoffreedom,ifonlyforonemeal,fromthatdomesticlabor,”nutritionistAlissaRumseysays.(“girldinner”鼓励人们倾听和跟随自己的内心。它可以是对自由的庆祝，即使只是一顿饭，也可以摆脱家务劳动，营养学家阿丽莎·拉姆齐说)”可知，AlissaRumsey认为“girldinner”对于女性而言，是摆脱日常责任的一个喘息机会。故选D。15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Butwhatworksforthemmaynotworkforyou.(但对他们有效的方法可能对你不起作用)”可知，AlissaRumsey建议不要盲目跟从别人的饮食习惯。故选B。【答案】16．C17．F18．B19．D20．G【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了终身学习的重要性和好处，包括增加动力、提升脑力、促进个人成长和改善职业生涯等方面。【解析】16．根据空前“LifelongLearninghasbecomeessentialinaworldconstantlychangingduetorapidlyadvancingtechnology,evolvingjobfields,andshiftingculturalnorms.(在一个因科技飞速进步、职业领域不断演变以及文化规范持续变化而日新月异的世界里，终身学习已变得至关重要)”可知，上文提到终身学习在不断变化的世界中变得至关重要。选项C“Itisnolongerjustachoice;itisanecessity(它不再仅仅是一种选择，而是一种必要)”进一步强调了终身学习的必要性，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。17．根据上文“Itincreasesmotivation.Gainingnewknowledgeanddevelopingskillscanbeafunandrewardingexperienceformanypeople.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter,80%oflifelonglearnerssaidthattheypursuedlearningbecausetheydesiredtoacquireknowledgethatwouldhelpmaketheirmoremotivatingandfulfilled(满足的).(终身学习能提升动力。对许多人而言，获取新知识和培养技能是一种有趣且有益的体验。皮尤研究中心的数据显示，80%的终身学习者表示，他们追求学习是因为渴望获取能让生活更具动力和满足感的知识)”可知，段主题是终身学习能增加动力，空前指出很多人认为获取新知识和技能是有趣且有回报的经历，80%的终身学习者因渴望获取知识而学习。选项F“Continuouslylearningandimprovingyourselfcouldprovideenormousself-satisfaction(不断学习和提升自己能带来巨大的自我满足感)”延续上文内容，同时与空后“asyouwouldoftenfeelasenseofaccomplishmentwhenyoulearnnewthings(因为当你学习新事物时，往往会有一种成就感)”相呼应，解释了学习带来动力的原因。故选F。18．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“AccordingtoresearchinthePsychologicalSciencejournal,acquiringnewskillsnotonlydeepsyourbrainactiveandsharpbutalsohelpsimprovecognitive(认知的)function,delayingmemoryproblemsasyouage.Additionally,learningnewsubjectsenhancesproblem-solvingskills,asnotedbyDr.BarbaraOakley,anexpertinlearningandengineering.(《心理科学》杂志的研究表明，掌握新技能不仅能让大脑保持活跃和敏锐，还能帮助提升认知功能，随着年龄增长延缓记忆问题的出现。此外，学习新学科能提高解决问题的能力，学习与工程领域的专家芭芭拉・奥克利博士指出了这一点。)”可知，本段讲述了获取新技能能让大脑保持活跃敏锐，有助于提高认知功能，延缓记忆问题，这都与大脑能力相关。选项B“Itboostsyourbrainpower(它增强你的脑力)”符合本段主旨大意。故选B。19．根据上文“Ithelpsyougrowpersonally.Acquiringnewskillsnotonlyboostsyourconfidencebutalsoempowersyou,exposingyoutoabroaderperspectivebyintroducingdifferentviewsandcultures.(终身学习有助于个人成长。掌握新技能不仅能增强自信，还能赋予你力量，通过接触不同的观点和文化，让你拥有更广阔的视野)”可知，此段