2018-2019学年高中一轮复习英语讲义必修三Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina

Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．philosophern． 哲学家2．philosophyn. 哲学3．advisern. 顾问4．barkn. 树皮[第二屏听写]5．leathern． 皮革6．monkn. 和尚7．categoryn. 范畴；种类8．sutran. (佛教的)经Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第三屏听写]1．equaladj. 平等的2．importancen. 重要；重要性3．teachingn. (常作复数)教导；学说4．thinkern. 思想家5._kindnessn. 善良[第四屏听写]6．ordern． 秩序7．principle_n. 原则；准则8．positionn. 职位9．stressvt. 强调10._resignvi. 辞职[第五屏听写]11．influentialadj. 有影响的12._loven. 仁爱13．honestyn. 诚实14．justicen. 公正15．contributionn. 贡献[第六屏听写]16．inventvt. 发明17．softadj. 柔软的18．inventorn. 发明家19．argumentn. 争论；辩论；议论20．freedomn. 自由[第七屏听写]21．conditionn． 状况；条件；环境22．fueln. 燃料23．be_at_war_with 与……交战24．bring_up 养育；抚养[第八屏听写]25．bee_interested_in对……感兴趣26．be_proud_of为……自豪27．in_conclusion总之28．for_the_first_time第一次二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)1.philosophern．哲学家2.philosophyn.哲学3.advisern.顾问4.leathern．皮革5.categoryn.范畴；种类Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)1.teachingn.(常作复数)教导；学说2.thinkern．思想家3.kindnessn.善良4.loven.仁爱5.softadj.柔软的核心单词练通1.WhatIwanttostress(强调)isthathealthisalsoveryimportantforyou.2.Althoughtheusedcarseemsingoodcondition(状况),itcan'truntoofast.3.Hedecidedtoresign(辞职)andgaveupthepositionasamanagerbecauseofpoorhealth.4.Heisstrictwithhimselfanddoesn'tdoanythingagainsthisprinciples(原则)．5.Mostairpollutioniscausedbytheburningoffuels(燃料)likecoal,gasandoil.拓展单词用活[记全记牢]1.equaladj.平等的；相等的v.比得上→equalityn．平等→equallyadv.平等地；相等地2.importancen．重要；重要性→importantadj.重要的3.ordern．秩序→orderlyadj.整洁的；有秩序的4.influentialadj.有影响的→influencen．&v.影响5.honestyn．诚实→honestadj.诚实的6.justicen．公正→justadj.公正的7.contributionn．贡献→contributev.贡献8.inventvt.发明→inventionn．发明→inventorn．发明家9.argumentn．争论；辩论；议论→arguev.争论；争辩10.freedomn．自由→freeadj.自由的；空闲的；免费的[用准用活]1.Allmenarebornequal,_soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)2.Hisgreatcontributionstothepanyhavecontributedtoitsrapiddevelopmentinrecentyears.(contribute)3.Thehonestboyimpressedalltheemployerswithhishonesty.(honesty)4.Edisonwasagreatinventorandwasfamousforhisinventionsbecauseheinventedmanythingsinhislife.(invent)5.Williamstartedoffonthewrongfootbyhavinganargumentwiththemanageronhisfirstdayatwork.Hearguedwithhimoversomethingunimportant.WearguethatWilliamshouldfindabetterwaytoexpresshisidearatherthanbehavethatway.(argue)⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.名词后缀­ness大观园①kindness善良②blindness盲目③darkness黑暗④weakness虚弱⑤loneliness寂寞2.­y结尾名词一览①honesty诚实②difficultyn.困难③modesty谦虚④discovery发现⑤delivery投递；交付3.名词后缀­dom荟萃①freedom自由②boredom无聊③kingdom王国④wisdom智慧4.“燃料”名词集锦①fuel燃料②coal煤炭③oil石油④gas汽油⑤petrol汽油(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高先写对再用准第一组1.agree_with同意；与……相符；适合(某人)2.bee_interested_in对……感兴趣3.for_the_first_time第一次4.more_than超过5.be_similar_to与……相似LiHua①became_interested_inEnglishwhenhebegantolearnit②for_the_first_time.Nowhehaslearned③more_than3,000Englishwords,andoncegotthefirstprizeintheEnglishpetition.I④agree_withhisopinionthatinterestisthebestmotivation.第二组1.be_at_war_with与……交战2._bring_up养育；抚养3.a_sense_of_responsibility责任感4.be_proud_of为……自豪5.in_conclusion总之Heusedto①be_proud_ofhishometown,abeautifulvillagewherehewasbornand②brought_up.Nowhiscountry③is_at_war_withitsneighboringcountry,sohehastoleavehishometownforaliving.Althoughheisamanwith④a_sense_of_responsibility,_heisatalosswhattodoforhishometown.⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.“at＋n.”短语荟萃①atwar交战②atpeace处于和平状态③athand在手边④atwork在工作⑤atrest在休息⑥attable在吃饭⑦atrisk在冒险⑧atsea在航海；茫然⑨atlength最后；终于⑩atschool在上学2.sense相关短语多棱镜①asenseofdirection/humor方向感/幽默感②inasense从某种意义上来说③innosense/way决不④makesense讲得通；有道理⑤makesenseof理解；弄懂(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高背原句明句式学仿写1.Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.己所不欲，勿施于人。theway(＋that/inwhich)引导的定语从句。微信已经改变了我们的交友方式。WeChathaschangedthe_way_(that/in_which)_we_made_friends.2.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……。”我请假三天的原因是我生病的母亲需要我的照顾。The_reason_why_I_asked_for_three_days_off_is_thatmysickmotherneededmycare.3.However,wedoknowthatin1092ADheinventedthefirstrealclock.然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年，他发明了第一个真正的钟表。“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调。他的确喜欢听古典音乐。Hedoes_enjoylisteningtoclassicalmusic.考点新组合阅读微技能Tomholdsaseniorpositioninalargepanyandheisequal______❶hisjob.Healwaysstressestheimportanceofhonestyandorderinthework.Hemakessuchagreatcontributionthathebeesoneofthe________❷figuresinthepany.1.①处应填入的介词为to。2.②处应填入的最佳选项为__B__。A.averageB．influentialC.normalD．determined1．equaladj.平等的；相等的；胜任的v.等于；比得上n.同等的人；相等物(1)equal...with... 把……与……等同(2)beequalto(doing)sth. 等于；能胜任(做)某事beequalwith 与……平等equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth. 在(做)某事方面比得过、敌得过某人/物withoutequal 无与伦比(3)equalityn. 相等；平等equallyadv. 相等地；平等地；同样地[多角练透]单句语法填空①Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequally(equal)important.(2016·北京高考)②Foranother,bepositiveandcheerful,foryourmentalhealthisequaltoyourphysicalhealth.单句改错③Idon'tthinkBobisequaltobeamanager,forhehaslittleknowledgeaboutmanagement.be→being补全句子④Suchstupidityiswithout_equalintheentirehistoryofhumanrelations.如此愚蠢的行为在整个人际关系史上找不出第二个。[联想发散]表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：①beupto②befitfor③bequalifiedfor2．stressvt.强调；施压于；使紧张n.压力；重音；强调(1)stresstheimportanceofsth. 强调某事的重要性understress 在压力之下underthestressof 在……压力下；为……所迫lay/put/placestresson 强调；把重点放在……上(2)stressfuladj. 压力大的；紧张的stressedadj. 焦虑不安的[多角练透]单句语法填空①Fatheralwaysputsalotofstressongoodtablemanners.②Nowadaysmoreandmoremiddleschoolstudentsaregettingstressed(stress)intheirstudies.③Thelifeofahighschoolstudentisusuallyactive,excitingandfulloffun,butitcanbestressful(stress)sometimes.单句改错④Peopleunderthestresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.去掉the3．ordern．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点的饭菜vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)(1)inorderof 以……的顺序inorder (依法)有效的；适宜；妥当；正常；就绪outoforder 有毛病；发生故障；不整洁placeanorderforsth.(withsb.) (向某人)订购某物(2)ordersb.todosth. 命令某人做某事orderthat... 命令……(从句的谓语要用“should＋动词原 形”，should可以省略)[多角练透]单句语法填空①Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.(2016·北京高考单选)②I'dliketoplaceanorderforsometeawithyourpany.③Hewasasbusyasabeetryingtoputthehouseinorder.补全句子④Ican'tmakeacall,asourtelephoneisout_of_order.我无法打，因为我们的坏了。句型转换⑤Theoldmanorderedtherudeyoungmantogoout.→Theoldmanorderedthattherudeyoungman(should)_go_out.考点新组合阅读微技能LiHuawasbroughtupinpoorconditions.________❶，hethoughthewasahappyboy.Thereasonwhyhefelthappywasthathisparentsdidn'tscoldbutencouragehimwhenhismarkswere________❷average.Hewassatisfied________❸thewaythathisparentstreatedandeducatedhim.1.①处应填入的衔接词为However。2.②处应填入的最佳选项为__C__。A.onB．aboveC．below3.③处应填入的介词为with。4.conditionn．状况；条件；环境(1)living/housing/workingconditions 生活/住房/工作条件under...conditions 在……条件下(2)beingood/bad/poorcondition 状况良好/恶劣；健康/不健康outofcondition 身体不适(3)oncondition(that)... 在……条件下；倘若/如果onnocondition 决不(放于句首时，句子需用部分倒装)[多角练透]单句语法填空①Oneofthewaysofdealingwiththatistodealwithhousingconditions(condition).②Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisinexcellentcondition.③I'llletyouusemybikeonconditionthatyoureturnittomorrow.单句改错④Ihaven'tbeenexercisingmuchrecently.I'mabitoutofthecondition.去掉the补全句子⑤Onnoconditioncan_we_give_up_our_dreams;_onlyifwecansticktoourdreamswillwebeabletogetoverallkindsofchallenges.我们决不能放弃梦想，只有我们坚持自己的梦想，才能够克服各种挑战。[名师指津]condition表示“(工作、生活或住房等)条件”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，则为不可数名词。5．bringup养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐[一词多义]写出下列句中bringup的含义①Broughtupinabigcity,hefounditquitedifficulttofitininthecountryside.抚养②Hewasdrunkandbroughtupwhathehadeatenatmidnight.呕吐③Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwasbroughtuptovaluethesenseofsharing.教育④Hebroughtupapracticalplaninthemeeting,whichbroughtdownthecostofproduction.提出[归纳拓展]bringabout 引起；导致；产生；带来bringback 归还；使记起；使恢复bringdown 使落下；降低；减少bringin 引进；带来；提出；赚钱；收获bringout 显现出；使发挥；出版；生产选用上述短语填空⑤Thegreatdamagewhichtheearthquakebrought_aboutmademanypeoplehomelessorlosetheirlives.⑥Pleasemakeanothersentencetobring_outthemeaningofthephrase.⑦Ourgovernmenthastakenmeasurestobring_downthepricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstable.6．Thereasonwhy...isthat...Menciusbelievedthatthe_reason_whymanisdifferentfromanimalsis_thatmanisgood.孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。believed后面是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用了“thereasonwhy...isthat...”句式，意为“……的原因是……”其中why引导的是定语从句；is之后的that引导的是表语从句。(1)reason用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少状语，则要用关系副词why或forwhich引导定语从句，why有时可省略；如果缺少主语或宾语，则要用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，that/which在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。(2)thereason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，用引导词that。单句语法填空①Thereason_whyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.②Whydon'tyoubelievethereasonthatmycarwasheldupinthetrafficjam?补全句子③Thereason(that/which)_he_explained_at_the_meeting_was_thathedidn'tcatchthefirstbus.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上第一辆公共汽车。7．theway(that/inwhich)引导的定语从句Treatothersinthe_wayyouwanttobetreated.己所不欲，勿施于人。句中“theway”作先行词，“youwanttobetreated”为省略关系词的定语从句。(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接inwhich或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词inwhich或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或ofdoingsth.形式。单句语法填空①Thewaythat/whichcameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.②Specialistscaneupwithnewwaysto_solve(solve)theproblemofairpollution.补全句子③Ithinkyouhurthispridebylaughingatthe_way_(in_which/that)_he_speaks_English.我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。[单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．CharlieChaplinmadeagreatcontribution(contribute)tothefilmindustry.2．Thechildrengazedinwonderwhentheysawsnowforthefirsttime.3．Ideeplyappreciateyourkindness(kind)iningsofartomeetme.4．Howlongdoyouthinkthetwocountrieswillbeatwarwitheachother?5．Inmyopinion,honesty(honest)isthemostimportantpartoffriendship,becauseIhatebeingcheated.6．Being_brought(bring)upinthecountrysidemadeMrWilsonveryhard­workingwhenhewasveryyoung.7．Anyone,whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver,shouldbeequally(equal)respected.8．Learningtoreadandwriteopensthedoortoabetterjobandbetterlivingconditions(condition).9．Inconclusion,therearenoexcuses.Everyonehastheabilitytosucceed.Getstartednow!10．Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchapetitiveandstressful(stress)society.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Littlejoycanequaltothatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.去掉to2．Somepeoplehavetoleadstressedlifestylesoutofnecessity.stressed→stressful3．ThereasonwhyI'mcallingyounowisbecauseIhaveanimportantthingtotellyou.because→that4．Hecan'tstillgoforanouting,becauseheisoutofthecondition.去掉the5．Heorderedthatthestudentsworetheirspecialclothesduringthemilitarytraining.wore→wearⅢ.根据提示词补全句子1．尽管已是八十高龄，老人依然身体健康。(condition)Thoughinhiseighties,theoldmanisstillin_good_condition.2．尽管她是在城市出生并被抚养大的，但她喜欢乡村生活。(bringup)Thoughborn_and_brought_upinthecity,shepreferslifeinthecountry.3．一些人早逝的原因是他们不注意自己的身体健康。(Thereasonwhy...isthat...)The_reason_why_some_people_died_young_is_thattheydidn'tpayattentiontotheirhealth.4．轮船的引擎发生了故障，而恶劣的天气增加了海员们的无助感。(order)Theenginesoftheshipwereout_of_orderandthebadweatheraddedtothehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.5．你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世间的人的方式。(theway)Somethingthathappensinyourdailylifewillchangethe_way_you_look_at_the_worldandthepeopleinit.Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译1．Tomoversleptthismorning.Thatiswhyhewaslateforwork.→The_reason_whyTomwaslateforworkis_thatheoversleptthismorning.2．Canyouworkoutaway?Wecansolvetheprobleminthisway.→Canyouworkoutawaythatwecansolvetheproblem?→Canyouworkoutawayin_whichwecansolvetheproblem?3．Thedoctororderedmetotakearestforamonth.→ThedoctororderedthatI_should_take_a_restforamonth.4．Theyagreedtolendusthecaraslongaswereturneditbeforetheweekend.→Theyagreedtolendusthecaron_condition_thatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.5．在勇气方面没有人比得上他，这一点大家都清楚。①Nooneequals_him_in_courage,_aboutwhicheveryoneknows.(equalv．)②Nooneis_equal_to_him_in_courage,_aboutwhicheveryoneknows.(equaladj.)③Hehas_no_equal_in_courage,_aboutwhicheveryoneknows.(equaln．)[高考拆组训练]语言知识运用组块专练——练准度(限时：25分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空WhenIwassixyearsold,welivedinOklahomaCity.Wealwayskeptthedoorsofourhouse__1__atnight.Togetoutofthebackdoor,Daddyhadaspecialkey.Onenight,Iwas__2__suddenlybythesoundofthunderandlightningandaterrible__3__.Irusheddownthehalltowardmyparents'room,feeling__4__，butIwasstoppedbythicksmokeandbig__5__ingfromthelivingroom.Ourhousehadbeen__6__bylightning.Ihadtogetout,but__7__？Becauseofthefire,Icouldn't__8__thefrontdoorandIdidn'thavethekeytothebackdoor.SoIwas__9__.ThenIwas__10__whenindarknessIfeltDaddy'swarmhand__11__medownthehallandoutthebackdoortoourbackyard.__12__Istoodinthepouringrain,hishand__13__mineandhewasgoneimmediately.Frightened,I__14__tothehouse.Therewasmymothercallingmyname.Sheranouttome,andtogetherwestoodinthebackyard__15__—waitingforDaddytobringoutmysister.Justatthatmomentweheard,“We're__16__！”ItwasDaddy'svoice.He,sighingwith__17__，heldmythree­year­oldsisterAmyinhisarms.AlthoughDaddygot__18__inthefire,hetriedhisbesttosaveallofusoutofthehouse.Thatwastwelveyearsago,andalltheseyearsI'veneverforgottenthe__19__ofthehandthatledmethen,andleadsmenow,throughthe__20__.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己儿时家里突遭雷电袭击，房屋起火后，父亲在黑暗中勇敢地救出家人的经历。1．A.opened B．closedC．locked D．painted解析：选C根据下文的“Togetoutofthebackdoor,Daddyhadaspecialkey.”可知，作者家晚上总是锁上(locked)门。2．A.awoken B．shockedC．interrupted D．acpanied解析：选A一天夜里，作者突然被雷电声和可怕的倾盆大雨惊醒了。awake“使醒来”，符合语境。shock“使震惊”；interrupt“打扰，打断”；acpany“陪伴”。3．A.fire B．explosionC．downpour D．tap解析：选C根据第三段中的“Istoodinthepouringrain”可知，downpour“倾盆大雨”符合语境。4．A.puzzled B．scaredC．urgent D．desperate解析：选B在电闪雷鸣、大雨倾盆的晚上，作者肯定是感到很害怕(scared)才跑向父母的房间的。puzzled“困惑的”；urgent“紧急的，迫切的”；desperate“绝望的，不顾一切的”。5．A.noise B．lightningC．stones D．flames解析：选D根据下文的“Becauseofthefire”可知，此处指但是作者被浓烟和窜高的火焰(flames)阻挡住了脚步。6．A.occupied B．beatenC．destroyed D．struck解析：选D根据下文中的“thefire”可知，作者家被闪电击中(struck)了，所以才着火了。occupy“占据，占领”；beat“击打”；destroy“摧毁，毁坏”。7．A.how B．whyC．what D．where解析：选A下文提到作者无法从前门或后门出去，故此处指作者不得不出去，但是怎么(how)出去呢？8．A.alarm B．breakC．reach D．answer解析：选C因为火，作者不能到达(reach)前门。alarm“给(门等)安装警报器”；break“打破”。9．A.inconfusion B．inpanicC．indanger D．indoubt解析：选B因为没有办法逃出房子，所以作者处于惶恐之中(inpanic)。inconfusion“困惑”；indanger“处于危险中”；indoubt“怀疑”。10．Aforted B．preventedC．seized D．rescued解析：选D这时，当作者在黑暗中感觉到父亲温暖的手拖着他穿过门厅、走过后门、到达后院时，作者获救(rescued)了。fort“安慰”；prevent“阻止”；seize“抓住”。11．A.instructing B．draggingC．holding D．pushing解析：选B紧急情况中，作者肯定是被父亲拖(dragging)着走的。instruct“指导”；hold“握住，夹着，托住”；push“推”。12．A.As B．IfC．Though D．Since解析：选A当作者站在瓢泼大雨中(即从屋内逃了出来)时，父亲的手放开了作者的手。此处应用As引导时间状语从句。13．A.letgoof B．tookholdofC．gotridof D．putupwith解析：选A参见上题解析。letgoof“放开”；takeholdof“抓住”；getridof“摆脱”；putupwith“忍受”。14．A.headed B．rushedC．turnedmyback D．setmymind解析：选C因为害怕，作者转过身背对着房子。turnone'sbackto“转身背对”，符合语境。headto“走向”；rushto“冲向”；setone'smindto“下决心做”。15．A.quietly B．breathlesslyC．hopelessly D．anxiously解析：选D根据下文的“waitingforDaddytobringoutmysister”可知，作者和妈妈都焦急地(anxiously)站在后院里，等待父亲把作者的妹妹救出来。16．A.back B．safeC．tired D．lucky解析：选B根据下文的“hetriedhisbesttosaveallofusoutofthehouse”和常识可知，作者的父亲说的应是“我们安全(safe)了”。17．A.regret B．emotionC．excitement D．relief解析：选D父亲抱着作者三岁的妹妹，松了口气。relief“宽慰，轻松”，符合语境。regret“后悔”；emotion“情感”；excitement“兴奋”。18．A.burned B．caughtC．stuck D．disturbed解析：选A父亲从着火的房子里出来，肯定是被烧伤(burned)了。19．A.strength B．roughnessC．warmth D．firmness解析：选C根据第三段第一句中的“IfeltDaddy'swarmhand”可知，十二年了，作者从未忘记过父亲手的温暖(warmth)在那时引导着他，现在也引导着他穿过黑暗(dark)。strength“力量”；roughness“粗糙”；firmness“坚定”。20．A.cold B．darkC．future D．misfortune解析：选B参见上题解析。Ⅱ.语法填空(2018·邯郸市模拟)WoodblockprintingfirstappearedintheearlyTangperiod.D