Unit 3 Food and Culture Discover Useful Structures 选择性必修二

FoodandCultureDiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit31.Thechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.2.ASichuanrestauranthadbeenrecommendedtousbyafriend,andfinally,wefoundit.3.TheyhadfinishedtheirdinnerbythetimeSamjoinedthem.4.Mostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.

5.TheirdinnerhadbeenfinishedbythetimeSamjoinedthem.1．以上句子中红色部分所用的时态都是______________2．句1，3，4中使用的是过去完成时的_____语态，其结构是___________。3．句2和句5中使用的是过去完成时的_____语态，其结构是____________。过去完成时主动haddone被动hadbeendone

ObserveandDiscover

过去完成时的定义

表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。

ThePastPerfectTenseThechefhadsetupafarm-to-tablerestaurantbeforehisnewcookbookwaspublished.Themediareportedthatthesecompanieshadtreatedpollutionasahotpotato.动作已经完成事件已经存在使用haddone表明该动作发生在“过去的过去”，通常有一般过去时的动作或者过去的时间词作为参照。过去过去的过去现在先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。Thefilmhadbegunbeforewegottothecinema.hadbegungot

过去完成时的构成

过去完成时的基本结构：haddone

被动结构：hadbeendone肯定结构had＋(been)done否定结构had＋not＋(been)done一般疑问结构had＋主语＋(been)

done特殊疑问结构特殊疑问词＋had＋主语＋(been)

done

过去完成时的使用

1.Wehadpaintedthehousebeforewemovedin.2.Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.3.Theyhadcompletedtheprojectbytheendoflastyear.before(连词/介词)+

过去的时间点“在...之前”by+过去的时间点“到...为止”bytheendof+过去的时间点“到...为止”bythetime+(一般过去时)“到...为止”1.过去完成时的标志词：Myfatherasked

meifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.Theladyshowed

methepicturesshehadpainted.Ibegantheworkafterhehadgone.①用于宾语从句中

主句为过去时，从句动作发生在主句之前，用过去完成时。2.过去的时间有时由一时间状语表示出来，但在更多的情况下时间都由上下文表示出来。判断标准是先找出“过去”的参照动作。②用于时间状语从句中AfterMonicahadsunghersong,shesatdownquietlybesidehermum.Ididn’tstartmyworkuntilhehadalreadygone.WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.I____________(finish)readingthenovelbynineO'clocklastnight.We_____________(learn)overtwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.They_____________(plant)sixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.They___________(leave)beforewearrivedattheschool.

Breakfast___________________(serve)bythetimeIgotup.Afterhe_____________(finish)hishomework,hewenttobed.Tomrealizedamistake_______________(make)byher.

hadfinishedhadlearnedhadplantedhadlefthadbeenservedhadfinished

Practicehadbeenmade

使用过去完成时

的特殊情况

1.IhadintendedtovisithimyesterdaybutIwasn’tabletomakeit.2.Hehadwishedtobecomeadoctor,buthestudiedlawatcollege.3.Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.4.Theyhadplannedtoseeusoffattheairport.1.用于think，want，hope，wish，plan，intend等动词表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。

使用过去完成时的特殊情况

1.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadperformedonsuchabigstage.2.Itwasthemostinspiringperformance(that)Ihadeverwatched.3.Scarcelyhadhearrivedwhenhewentawayagain.4.Hardlyhadwesatdowntosupperwhenthephonerang.5.NosoonerhadIwalkedoutthanIrememberedthatIforgotmybag.2.固定句型：①It/This/Thatwas+the序数词+time+that从句（过去完成时）②“主语＋was/were＋the＋最高级＋名词＋定语从句（过去完成时）

③Hardly/Scarcely...when；Nosooner...than

注意：否定词置于句首，需要_______________________。

主句用_______________，从句用_______________。部分倒装一般过去时过去完成时

使用过去完成时的特殊情况

①用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示对过去未做成的事情的某种感叹或愿望。IwishI

(be)thereatthattime.

那时候我要在那儿就好了。（事实上我不在那儿。）IwishI

(tell)himaboutit.

我要是没告诉他那事就好了。（事实上我告诉他了。）hadbeenhadnottold②用于对过去事实进行虚拟的条件句中。IfI___________,Iwouldn'thavemissedthetrain.

如果我快点的话，我就不会误了火车。Ifyou_________

attheparty,youwouldhavemethim.

如果你去了晚会，你就会见到他的。3.虚拟语气：hadhurriedhadbeen1.Itwasthefirsttimeshe_________(leave)hermotherland.2.Itisthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.3.This___(be)thefirsttimeIhadseenDadsofurious.4.Hardly_____(have)theboyspokenthesewordswhenthewardenhithimontheheadwiththesoupspoon.6.ItwasthebestcoffeeI___________(taste).7.I_____________visitinghimthisweekendbutIwasn’tabletomakeit.8.I_____________toreturnearlybuttheywouldn’tletusgo.hadlefthavespokenwashadtastedhadhadintendedhadthought

Practice

1.Thetickets_______________(sell)outbeforeIcametothecinema.2.Bytheendoflastyear,we_______________(produce)20,000cars.3.Itwasthefirsttime(that)I_____________(speak)inpublic.4.We____________(wish)thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.5.Hesaidthatgreatchanges__________________(takeplace)inhishometownsince1990.6.Thetrain_________(leave)beforewereachedthestation.7.100tractors__________________(produce)bytheendoflastyear.8.He_____________(intend)tocatchthe8:00bus,butfounditgone.9.ItwasthreeyearssinceJane____________________(appoint)asthedirector.

10.Ididn’twanttoseethemoviebecauseI__________(see)italready.hadbeensoldhadproduced

hadspoken

hadwished

hadtakenplacehadlefthadbeenproducedhadintended

hadbeenappointedhadseen

Practice

1.________________whensheheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.

她刚坐下就听见有人在敲门2.We_________________________inGuangzhou,butitprovedtobeadream.

我们本来打算在广州买房，但最后只是一场梦。3.Itwasthefirsttimeshe________________________________.

这是她第一次离开她的家乡。4.Nosooner__________________________________________than

___________________________________.

我刚踏上舞台领奖就发出了雷鸣般的欢呼声和掌声。HardlyhadshesathadplannedtobuyahousehadleftherhometownhadIsteppedontothestagetoreceivetheawardthunderouscheersandapplausebrokeout

PracticeCompletethefollowingsentences.1)Carol:_____youever______anyScottishfoodbeforeyourtriptoSt.Andrewslastyear?

Paul:No,notreally.ButI____________abouthaggismanytimesbeforewewentthere.n.羊杂碎肚Carol:Oh…Didyoutryit?Paul:

Oh,yes!Youknowwhat?Wearrivedlateforsupperthatday,andsowejustatewhateverwasleftintheuniversitycanteen.We___________ourmealbeforewelearntwe_____just______haggis!Carol:Mygoodness!Paul:

Well,itwasnotbad.Ihavetosay…

PracticeCompletethetwoconversationswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox(Page29).arrivecanceleatfinishgettastetellHadtastedhadbeentoldhadfinishedhadeaten2)

Carol:WhenIgottotheteahouseyesterday,Ifoundnobodythere._____it______________?

Paul:Oh,I’msosorrythatIforgottotellyou!Theget-togetherwascancelledyesterdaymorningbecauseSally,thehostess,___________intoacaraccident.

Carol:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.HopeSallyrecoverssoon!Hadbeencancelled