高考上海卷英语试题（解析版）

...wd......wd......wd...绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试〔上海卷〕英语试卷考生注意：考试时间120分钟,试卷总分值150分。本考试设试卷和答题纸两局部。试卷分为第=1\*ROMANI卷〔第1－12页〕和第=2\*ROMANII卷〔第13页〕，全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂〔选择题〕或写〔非选择题〕在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第=1\*ROMANI卷(共103分)I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Itissatisfactory.B.Itisluxurious.C.Itisold-fashioned.D.Itisdisappointing.2.A.OnAugust5th.B.OnAugust6th.C.OnAugust7th.D.OnAugust8th.3.A.Awaiter.B.Abutcher.C.Aporter.D.Afarmer.4.A.Inatheatre.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabookingoffice.D.Inafurniturestore.5.A.Sheexpectedtoabettershow.B.Shecouldhardlyfindherseat.C.Shewasn’tinterestedintheshow.D.Shedidn’tgetafavourableseat.6.A.Thewomanofteneatsoutforbreakfast.B.Thecafeteriaservesgoodbreakfast.C.Thewomandoesn’thavebreakfast.D.Thecafeteriadoesn’tservebreakfast.7.A.Sellingcucumbers.B.Plantingvegetables.C.Cookingameal.D.Pickingtomatoes.8.A.Themanshouldworkhard.B.Themanshouldturndownthejoboffer.C.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.D.Themancanapplyforthejobagain.9.A.Itisahotandsmoggyday.B.ThereisatrafficjamonKingStreet.C.Avehicleispollutingtheair.D.Themanisreadingareportonline.10.A.Itsendingisnotgoodenough.B.Itsspecialeffectsarenotsatisfying.C.Itdeservesanaward.D.Itisgoodexceptforthescarypart.SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions

11

through

13

are

based

on

the

following

passage.

11.

A.

$1.

B.

$2

C.

$3

D.

$

52.

12.

A.

Pay

the

bills

first.

B.

Spend

2%

of

the

salary

on

living

expenses.

C.

Deposit

$1000

every

month.

D.

Put

part

of

the

money

in

a

savings

account.

13.

A.

Methods

of

saving

money.

B.

Saving

money

for

family

emergencies.

C.

The

importance

of

saving

money.

D.

Secrets

of

spending

money

wisely.

Questions

14

through

16

are

based

on

the

following

passage.

14.

A.

Free

education.

B.

A

sum

of

money.

C.

Donations

from

a

local

newspaper.

D.

Gifts

from

many

people.

15.

A.

Let

students

in

before

school.

B.

Offer

ice

cream

and

coffee.

C.

Introduce

a

bank

into

the

campus.

D.

Reduce

the

traffic

jams

around.

16.

A.

It

lacks

positive

news.

B.

It

should

grow

into

a

big

city.

C.

It

is

a

place

worth

living

in.

D.

It

remains

peaceful

and

quiet.SectionC

Directions:InsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.ClassDiary(June13-19)eq\o\ac(□,13)SUNeq\o\ac(□,14)MON17forafter-classactivityapplicationeq\o\ac(□,15)TUEeq\o\ac(□,16)WEDHandinginthreestudent18eq\o\ac(□,17)THUBasketballClubmeetingTime:12:45—1:30pmPlace:The19eq\o\ac(□,18)FRIFillinginaformwithup-to-datepersonaldataTime:20breakPlace:Thecomputerroomeq\o\ac(□,19)SATBlank21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.WhoisSueWalter?Sheis21incourtandawriter.WhatisSue’ssuggestionforpeoplewithdifficulties?22InSue’seyes,whatisthebestpartaboutherjob?23indecision-making.WhatdoesSuethinkhappinessis?24【答案】1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A11.C 12.D13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C17.Deadline 18.photos 19.stadium20.Lunch21.a(famous)judge22.Askingforhelp23.Havingavoice24.Sharing(withothers)II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)BagsofLoveLastyear,Iwasassignedtoworkatanofficenearmymother’shouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworkandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanaweek,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquickly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.(25)_______(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpackapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand(26)_______happenedtrulyamazedme.Shewastakingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in(27)______shedistributedittochildren.Iaskedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellknowninthearea.Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—whywouldshenotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe(28)_____(do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop(29)_____(buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.(30)_____shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn’tneedtokeepitasecret(31)______me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby(32)_____selflessshewas.【答案】25.

Wondering

26.

what

27.

which

28.

had

done

29.

buying

30.

Before

31.

from

32.

how

【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。25.

Wondering

考察现在分词做状语。动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词wondering在句中做状语。26.

what

考察主语从句。本句中连接代词what引导主语从句whathappened并在句中做主语。句意：发生的事情真让我很惊讶。27.

which

考察定语从句。此题定语从句的先行词是therefugeecamp，关系代词which指代先行词在定语从句中作为介词in的宾语，inwhich相当于关系副词where。28.

had

done

考察时态。根据上下文告诉我们“我〞被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生的事情，而妈妈帮助难民是在我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以应该使用过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事情。29.buying固定搭配。Stopdoingsth停顿做某事。30.before题干中是shecouldreact,Igaveherabighug两个简单句不能用逗号分隔，说明前面要填连词，before连接时间状语从句，表示“来不及....就...〞，句意：在母亲还没来得及反响，我就紧紧抱住了她。31.form固定搭配，keepfrom隐瞒。题干中keepitsecretfromme的意思是对我保守秘密。32.

how

考察宾语从句。本句中表语从句howselflessshewas作为介词by的宾语，因为selfless是形容词，所以使用how来引导这个从句，用法和感慨句类似。【名师点睛】连词before最主要的含义为“在....之前〞，但在不同的语境中有不同的翻译方法。本文中before意为“还没来得及...就.....〞。before作为连词，其根本含义是“在……之前〞，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“才〞、“还没来得及就……〞、“趁……〞、“就〞等。具体用法如下：1)与情态动词can/could连用

这时候从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语表达习惯译成“还没来得及就〞，如：

BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.

我还没来得及插话他就为我量好了尺寸。

Beforeshecouldmove，sheheardaloudnoise，whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

她还没来得及迈步，就听见一声巨响，接着就是可怕的隆隆轰鸣。2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间，距离长，或花费的精力大，译成“才〞

Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawlands.

我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。

Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.

我们等了很长时间火车才到。3)用于否认句中，强调主句所表达的时间，距离短，或花费的精力小，译成“不到……就〞如：

Wehadn‘trunamilebeforehefelttired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。4)主句含有hardly，scarcely等半否认副词时可以译为“刚……就〞

这时候主句应用过去完成时态，从句用过去时，还可以用when替代before如：

Wehadscarcelyreachedtheschoolbefore/whenthebellrang.

我们刚到学校铃声就响了。5)有时还有“宁愿〞的意思

I‘dshootmyselfbeforeIapologizedtohim.我宁死也不向他抱歉。6)用于“It+be/take+时间段+before句型〞

在这一句型中又可以根据主从句的时态分成两种情况。

假设主句是一般时将来时态，从句是一般现在时.假设主句是肯定句意思是“要过多长时间才〞；假设主句是否认形式翻译成“用不了多久就〞。

Itwillbetwoweeksbeforeeverythingreturnstonormal.

两周之后一切才能恢复正常。

Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.

这种状况或许要过许多年才能得以改善。

Itwon‘tbelongbeforewemeetagain.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。这时假设主句是一般过去时从句也是一般过去时。假设主句是肯定句翻译成“多长时间之后才〞，假设主句是否认形式翻译成“没过多久就〞。如：

ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.

过了很长一段时间我才了解到真相。

Itwasn‘tlongbeforeshebecameabravesolider.

没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。

Afterthatitstilltooksevenyearsbeforetheygotmarried.

他们又过了七年才结婚。考点：考察语法填空(B)Stress:GoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunknownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalkingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33)______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)______doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestuckathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)_____(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoexhaustion,illnessandfinallyabreakdown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byaskingyourself(36)_______numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingexpectedof(37)______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(38)_____(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)______(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeextentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceaslikely(40)_______(get)ill.【答案】33.

has

been

regarded

34.

that

35.

better

36.

a

37.

you

38.

annoyed

39.

control

40.

to

get【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。33.

has

been

regarded

考察时态语态。本句的时间状语是inrecentyears最近几年以来，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式hasbeenregarded。34.that考察强调句型。强调句型的根本构造为Itis/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉itis/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语onlytoomuchstress。35.better考察固定句式“The+比照级.....，the+比照级〞意为“越....就越.....〞。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比照级形式better.36.a考察固定短语。短语anumberof许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用anumberof修饰可数名词复数形式questions。37.you考察上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。38.

annoyed

考察形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表构造。39.

control

考察固定搭配。动词短语hadbetterdosth最好做某事；“hadbetter〞是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。

40.

to

get考察形容词短语。形容词短语belikelytodosth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。【名师点睛】本文考察了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：强调句型：“Itis〔was〕＋被强调的局部＋that〔who〕＋原句其它局部〞来强调说话人的意愿：ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。It’smethatheblamed．他怪的是我。强调句型最重要的句型是：Itis(was)＋被强调局部＋that／who＋句子的其它成份。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进展强调。如：Itistheywho／thatwillhaveameetingtomorrow．(强调主语)Itisameetingthattheywillhavetomorrow．(强调宾语)Itistomorrowthattheywillhaveameeting．(强调时间状语)应注意的要点:1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语〔包括介词宾语〕和状语。其中的it本身没有词义。2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，假设被强调的是状语，也只能用that，而不能用when或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如：Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday．(虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)3．强调句子的主语时，that或who之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：ItisMaryandTomwhooftendogooddeeds．4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。即Itis．．．that／who．．．和Itwas．．．that／who．．．。如：Itwasthewayheaskedthatreallyupsetme．5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的Itis／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。如：Itwasintoday'snewspaperthatwefoundthenews．去掉Itwas．．．that之后，句子可以整理为:Wefoundthenewsintoday'snewspaper．这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。常见考法:1．用介词短语来作为被强调的局部。如：Itwasforthisreasonthatheleftthatschool．Itwasinthiswaythathesolvedtheproblem．2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的局部。如：ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsthatIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty．3．用notuntil复杂构造作为被强调的局部。如：ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafilmstar．Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastsbegan．4．在被强调的局部后接定语从句，使句子构造更加复杂。如：ItwasonJuly7th1975whenhewasbornthathisfatherdied．5．通过句型转换来进展考察。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否认句或否认疑问句等。如：WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathediedWhenwasitthatthesportsmeetingbeganItwasnotTomthatstolethebook．Wasn'tithethathadmadeamistake6．通过改变系动词的形式来进展考察。强调句型的系动词除了用is或was外，还可以在其前面加上may／might／must等表示推测的情态动词。如：Itmightbehimthatyoumetyesterday．考点：考察语法填空SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accountB.adjustableC.appliancesD.captureE.decorationsF.directG.experimentH.intendedI.operatedJ.soullessK.squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto41theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Lessismore.ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman-bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.InhisModernistview,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary42Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis43design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto44withdecorationandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen45suchasovensandkettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct’sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis46.Forexample,thinkofa(n)47desklamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto48lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto49thesensorysideofournature—sight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantasrational(理性的).Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool-lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily50thetoothpasteontoourbrush.【答案】41.

D

42.E

43.J

44.G

45.C

46.H

47.B

48.F

49.A

50.K【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，告诉我们好的设计应包括四个黄金定律：简约、功能以及情感等等。41.答案D。动词capture这里表示“抓住；控制〞，动词的宾语局部是theessentialsofgooddesign〔优秀设计的本质〕。这些年来，设计者和美术工作者们一直在努力抓住优秀设计的本质。42.答案E。名词decoration表示“装饰物〞，decorations作动词avoid〔防止〕的宾语。设计应该防止不必要的装饰品。43.答案J。形容词soulless表示“死板的；无生气的〞，soulless修饰design，soullessdesign表示死气沉沉的设计，soulless与前面的simplicity相互照应。美国出生的建筑师RobertVenturi总结说如果简明是差劲地做出的简明，那么结果会是毫无生机的设计。44.答案G。动词短语experimentwith表示“测试；试验〞，动词的宾语为decorationandcolor〔装饰和色彩〕。后现代设计师开场再次尝试装饰和颜色。45.答案C。名词appliance在这里表示“家用器具〞。本句中的名词组合kitchenappliances〔厨房器具〕与后面的名词组合ovensandkettles〔烤箱和水壶〕相互照应。产品设计为这种观点所严重影响，而这种设计可以在如烤箱和水壶这类厨房器具中看到。46.答案H。动词intend表示“打算；想要；有意设计〞，动词intend在句中的宾语为宾语从句的连接代词what，动词intend与前文的aproduct’sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color〔一个产品的功能、目的、形状、式样、颜色〕有相关性。对于使用者来说最重要的是产品实现想要的功能。47.答案B。形容词adjustable表示“可调整的〞，修饰名词组合desklamp，adjustabledesklamp表示“可调整的台灯〞，adjustable与后文的regularadjustments相互照应。例如，考虑一个可调节的台灯。它需要用可以抵挡灯的热量和使用者常规调整的材料制成。48.答案F。动词direct在这里表示“投射；投向〞。句中动词的宾语为light〔灯光〕。最重要的是，它需要把光照到需要的位置。49.答案A。名词account用于动词短语takeintoaccount，表示“考虑〞。他相信设计必须考虑到我们天性的感官方面—视觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉。50.答案K。动词squeeze表示“挤压〞，句中动词squeeze的宾语为toothpaste〔牙膏〕。中选择牙膏类的日常用品时，我们欣赏一件外观清爽的可以让我们把牙膏方便地挤到牙刷上的设计品。【名师点睛】在选词填空中，很重要的一点就是要确认空格词的词汇。下面给大家一些确认空格词词性的小规律：1.确定空格为名词(1)如果空格前面为冠词a/an/the、形容词或者及物动词.，空格处应填入名词；(2)如果空格前面是介词，空格充当该介词的宾语，需填入一个名词。(3)如果空格后面是谓语动词的，且空格前没有句子主语，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；2.确定空格为动词(1)如果空格前面已经有名词或代词做主语，后面又有名词或代词作为动词的宾语，且中间无谓语动词，空格处应为及物动词；如F

动词direct对准，指挥；(2)如果空格处前面是be动词，后面又无宾语且句意为被动，空格中应填及物动词的过去分词；(3)如果空格前面是名词或代词做主语，后面没有宾语或有一个介词加宾语(4)如果空格处前面是名词或代词做主语，后面是形容词，空格应填入系动词或be动词；(5)如果空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。3.确定空格为形容词(1)如果空格后面为名词的，空格处可能填入形容词；如47.形容词adjustable可调节的(2)如果空格处前面是副词的，空格处可能填入形容词；(3)如果空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处可能填入形容词作表语。如46.形容词intended预期的；4.确定空格为副词(1)如果空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处可能填入副词。(2)如果空格处后面是形容词的，空格处可能填入副词。考点：考察选词填空III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike52.A.contrary B.expectation C.degree D.extreme53.A.viceversa B.forexample C.however D.otherwise54.A.outside B.inside C.below D.above55.A.replacing B.assessing C.managing D.encouraging56.A.refer B.contribute C.object D.apply57.A.agreement B.practice C.election D.impression58.A.bossy B.experienced C.western D.male59.A.asking B.training C.warning D.firing60.A.doubling B.maintaining C.reducing D.estimating61.A.honored B.left C.crowded D.compared62.A.economically B.traditionally C.inadequately D.occasionally63.A.deny B.admit C.assume D.ensure64.A.virtual B.ineffective C.day-to-day D.on-the-scene65.A.opinion B.risk C.performance D.attractiveness【答案】51.

D

52.

A

53.

B

54.

D

55.

C

56.

B

57.

A

58.

D

59.

A

60.

C

61.

B

62.

B

63.

D

64.

A

65.

C

【解析】试题分析：本文是说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。51.答案D。X理论认为人们天生讨厌工作会做任何事来防止工作。desire想要；seek寻找；lose失去；dislike不喜欢。52.答案A。在任何情况下，尽管相反的理论有很多证据，但是经理们仍然同意X理论。contrary相反；expectation期望；degree程度；extreme极端。53.答案B。例如，他们认为如果要有效工作他们的员工需要持续的督导，或者说决策必须从上级强制执行而不需要咨询。根据前文提出许多管理者认同X理论，本句应该具体讲认同者的理由，因此选择forexample〔例如〕。viceversa反之亦然；forexample例如；however然而；otherwise否则。54.答案D。不同文化有不同方式去管理人民。outside在外面；inside在里面；below在下面；above在上面。55.答案C。与专制管理不同的是，某些文化，尤其是在亚洲的一些，人们众所周知的是它们制定决策的活动有咨询的本质—部门或工作小组的全体人员都被要求为这个过程作出奉献。replace代替；assess评估；manage管理；encourage鼓励。56.答案B。与专制管理不同的是，某些文化，尤其是在亚洲的一些，人们众所周知的是它们制定决策的活动有咨询的本质—部门或工作小组的全体人员都被要求为这个过程作出奉献。refer查看；contribute奉献；object反对；apply应用。57.答案A。许多西方公司已经尝试去模仿亚洲人的做事方式，这类方式是以广泛同意为根基的。agreement一致；practice练习；election选举；impression印象。58.答案D。某些专家表示女人会成为比男人更起作用的管理者，因为她们有能力通过一种传统男性管理者不能使用的方式去实现共同目标。bossy专横的；experienced有经历的；western西方的；male男性的。59.答案A。最近的潮流是鼓励员工使用他们自身的主动性，不先询问经理而是去独立做决定。ask询问；train训练；warn警告；fire开除。60.答案C。授权已经成为了减缩趋势的组成局部：减少公司管理层的人数。double加倍；maintain维持；reduce减少；estimate估计。61.答案B。用这种方式减少层级以后，一个公司可能只剩下一层最高层级的高级管理者：减少了公司的管理层级。honour授予荣誉；beleftwith被留下；被剩下；becrowdedwith拥挤着；becomparedwith与……比照。62.答案B。授权把委托的想法延伸到比传统的情况更深远的程度。economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately缺乏地；occasionally偶尔地。63.答案D。授权和委托意味着新形式的管控将确保全面的工作方案正在被执行，而在新的组织下的运营活动会变得更多盈利，而非更少。deny否认；admit成认；assume假设；ensure保证。64.答案A。另一种趋势是不在场的或者虚拟的管理，团队人员通过电子邮件和网络相互联系，在自己家中执行工程。本空所填副词traditionally〔传统地〕与后面new〔新的〕具有对应关系。virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。65.答案C。工程管理者依据他们为工程所做出的奉献而不是花在上面的时间来评估团队成员的表现。opinion观点；risk风险；performance表现；attractiveness吸引力。【名师点睛】本篇完形填空对于上下文串联及词汇的复现进展了集中考察，占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可防止的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以，解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章，因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。如本文57题考察上下文串联。亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建设在共同的协议根基之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A项名词“agreement同意、协议〞正确。考点：考察说明文阅读SectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Oneearlymorning,IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword“Poems〞appearedinbig,hotpinkletters.“Isitgood?〞Iaskedher.“Yeah,〞sheanswered.“There’soneIreallylikeandyou’lllikeit,too.〞Ileanedforward.“‘PattyPoem,’〞shereadthetitle.WhoisPatty?Iwondered.Thepoembegan:Sheneverputshertoysaway,Justleavesthemscattered=1\*GB3①wheretheylay,…=1\*GB3①散乱的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.Thefinalonecamequickly:Whenshegrowsandgatherspoise=2\*GB3②,=2\*GB3②稳重I’llmissherharum-scarum=3\*GB3③noise,=3\*GB3③莽撞的Andlookinvain=4\*GB3④forscatteredtoys.=4\*GB3④徒劳地AndI’llbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshock.“It’syou,honey,〞Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent’saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,the“she〞inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying.“What’swrong?〞mymotherasked.“OhMama,〞Icried.“Idon’twanttogrowupever!〞Shesmiled.“Honey,it’sokay.You’renotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I’llstillloveyou,okay?〞“Okay,〞Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthinkingaboutthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,likeapuzzle.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson’sworld.Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but“PattyPoem〞remainsmypoem.Afterall,“PattyPoem〞gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.66.WhywasthewriterattractedbythebookBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?A.Itwasathickenoughbook.B.Somethingonitscovercaughthereye.C.Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.D.Ithasameaningfultitle.67.Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfelt______atfirst.A.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confused68.Thewriter’smotherlikedtoread“PattyPoem〞probablybecause______.A.itreflectedherownchildhoodB.itwaswritteninsimplelanguageC.itwascomposedbyafamouspoetD.itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappen69.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat“PattyPoem〞leadsthewriterto_______.A.discoverthepowerofpoetryB.recognizeherloveforpuzzlesC.findhereagernesstogrowupD.experiencegreathomesickness【答案】66.

B

67.

A

68.

D

69.

A

【解析】本文表达了作者童年的阅读往事，作者无意间感觉《值得重复阅读的最受喜爱诗歌》这本书有趣，在母亲和她分享了一篇名为《Patty的诗》的诗歌后，作者感悟到了诗的魅力—语言有创立或破碎一个人的世界的力量，由此开场了她的诗意人生。66.答案B。细节理解题。根据第一段Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword“Poems〞appearedinbig,hotpinkletters，作者因为封面上poem这个单词的大个深粉色的字母受到吸引，也就是书封面上的某个东西吸引了她〔Somethingonitscovercaughthereye〕，选B。67.答案A。细节理解题。根据第二局部诗歌的下面一段的Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme…Then,theshock，作者首先感受的是悲伤，然后是震惊，因此最初感到悲伤〔sad〕，选A。68.答案D。推理判断题。根据第二局部诗歌下面的第三段Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent’saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves，对于母亲来说，诗歌提醒的是孩子长大并离开后的一位家长的情感，因此符合条件的是它给了她关于将要发生的事情的一点暗示〔itgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappen〕，选D。69.答案A。推理判断题。根据第二局部诗歌下面的第七段Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson’sworld，《Patty的诗》使作者为诗歌的思想而着迷，诗歌的语言有创立或破碎一个人的世界的力量；第八段“PattyPoem〞gavememyloveforpoetry…becauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost，《Patty的诗》让作者爱上诗歌是由于一种痛。因此符合条件的为《Patty的诗》引导作者发现了诗歌的力量。【名师点睛】本文属于判断推理题中的人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题高考阅读测试中有些题目考察学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：〔1〕由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。〔2〕特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。〔3〕能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。以为例，根据文章最后一段“Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but“PattyPoem〞rema