第07讲 动名词与分词 课件中考英语复习

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动名词与分词中考英语复习英语01考情透视·目标导航02知识导图·思维引航03考点突破·考法探究04分层训练·巩固提升目录CONTENTS考点课标要求考查频次命题预测动名词掌握动名词的作用，在句子中充当名词的角色，可以有复数形式和所有格。可以作为主语、宾语、表语和定语等。10年10考‌现在分词掌握现在分词在句中不能单独作谓语，具有形容词的特性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语，有时态和语态的变化。10年10考过去分词‌掌握过去分词表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中不可作谓语，可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状、语。‌近10年连续考查

考情透视·目标导航分析近年中考真题可知，中考在命题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点运用与长难句的考查，对非谓语动词的各种形式，结合语态进行综合设题，侧重动词时态、语态和主谓一致。知识导图·思维引航动名词：主要起到名词的作用，可以有复数形式和所有格。动名词

动名词与分词作宾语—Ilikeswimming.作主语—walkingisgoodexercise.

作表语—seeingisbelieving.作定语—awakingstick现在分词过去分词现在分词：主要描述动作的进行状态或事物的性质与状态。作状语—BypracticingeverydayyouwillimproveyourEnglishquckly.作定语—ThecryingboyisJim.作表语—Thebookisinteresting.作补语—Hecamehomesinginganddancing.构成形式—done特点—没有人称和数的变化，具有动词的基本特征，在句中不可作谓语。作定语—Lookatthefallenleaves.

作表语—Thestructurestaysclosedtoprotectplants.作补语—Aliarcan’tmakehimselfbelieved.作状语—Frightenedbythedog,thelittlegirldarednotgooutalone.考点突破·考法探究考点1：动名词

由“动词原形（do）＋-ing”构成，其形式与现在分词的构成相同，否定形式为“not＋动词原形＋-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。动名词动名词的特征具有动词的特征可带宾语：在动名词短语中，动名词可像动词一样支配宾语。Ienjoyreading

books.我喜欢读书。可被副词修饰：动名词也能被副词修饰，来表示动作的方式、程度等。Heisgoodatquicklysolvingproblems.他擅长快速地解决问题。具有名词的特征可作主语：Runningisgoodforyourhealth.跑步对你的健康有好处。可作宾语：Ilikedancing.

我喜欢跳舞。可被形容词修饰：Quietreadingisagoodhabit.安静地阅读是个好习惯。动名词的用法作主语A作表语B作定语C动名词放在句首作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Readingisanart.阅读是一项技能。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。Hishobbyisswimming.他的爱好是游泳。作定语时，表其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，放在被修饰词之前。Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry.我们国家是一个发展中国家。作宾语D①Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.我昨晚读完了这本书。（作动词宾语）②Ayoungmanmadealivingbysellingfrieddoughsticks.一个年轻人靠在市场上卖油条谋生。（作介词宾语）动词后只接动名词作宾语consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;

考虑建议盼原谅；admit,delay/putoff,fancy;

承认推迟没得想；avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise;

避免错过继续练；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;

否认完成就欣赏；forbid,imagine,risk;

禁止想象才冒险；can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape;

不禁介意准逃亡；动名词的用法这些动词所表达的语义和动作特点与动名词的“动作性”和“名词性”相结合的特点相契合，动名词在这些语境中能够更好地体现动作的持续、抽象概念或者一种习惯。considerI'mconsideringchangingmyjob.denyHedeniedstealingthemoney.suggest/adviseThedoctorsuggestedtakingmoreexercise.finishHaveyoufinishedwritingthereport?lookforwardtoI'mlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.enjoy/appreciateIenjoylisteningtomusic.excuse/pardonPardonmyasking,butwheredidyougetthatinformation?forbidTheschoolforbidsusingmobilephonesduringclass.admitHeadmittedbreakingthewindow.imagineIcan'timaginelivingwithouttheInternet.delay/putoffTheyputoffhavingthemeetinguntilnextweek.riskHeriskedlosinghisjobbyspeakingout.fancyIdon'tfancygoingouttonight.can’thelpIcan'thelplaughingwhenIseehim.avoidShealwaysavoidstalkingaboutherpast.mindWouldyoumindopeningthewindow?missImisslivinginthecountryside.allow/permitTheydon'tpermitparkinghere.keep/keeponShekeptworkinguntilmidnight.escapeHenarrowlyescapedbeingkilledintheaccident.practiseYoushouldpractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.中考常见后接动名词的动词例句Iamusedtogettingupearly.

Hiscarelessnessledtomakingabigmistake.Shedevotesherselftohelpingthepoor.Hestickstopracticingthepianoeveryday.Theyobjectedtochangingtheplan.It'stimetogetdowntopreparingfortheexam.Pleasepayattentiontowritingyournameclearly.Ican'tstandlisteningtoloudmusic.Hegaveupsmokinglastyear.Ifeellikehavingacupofcoffee.Sheinsistsongoingtothepartyalone.Weputoffhavingthesportsmeeting

becauseoftherain.Ihavetroubleunderstandingthismathproblem.Shespenttwohoursincleaningtheroom.Thereisnosenseinarguingwithhim.Wehadawonderfultimeinskiing.Thestudentsarebusyinpreparingforthefinalexams.beusedto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand,giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.；spend...(in)doingsth.；Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doingsth.;haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in);bebust(in)等动词词组也要接动名词作宾语。动名词作介词宾语动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。remembertodosth.记住去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事Pleaseremembertobringyourtextbooktomorrow.Iremember

readingthisbookinmychildhood.stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做一件事Don'tforgettosendtheemailtoyourboss.Iforgot

meetingheratthepartylastnight.meantodosth.已与/企图做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Hemeanttohelpher,buthedidn'tknowhow.Missingthistrainmeans

waitingforanotherhour.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记已经做过某事Iforgottobooktheticketsinadvance,sowecouldn'tgetgoodseats.Theyforgothavinginvitedustotheirparty.regrettodosth.遗憾去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailedtheexam.

Sheregrettedsayingthosehurtfulwords.trytodosth.努力/试图做某事trydoingsth.尝试着做某事I'lltrytosolvethismathproblem.

Ifyouhaveaheadache,youcantry

takingsomeaspirin.goontodosth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做同一件事Shefirstcleanedthelivingroomandwentontotidyupthebedroom.

Therunnerwasexhaustedbutstillwentonrunningtowardsthefinishline.can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事I'mtiedupwithmyownworkandcan'thelptofinishyourassignment.Hecan'thelplaughingeverytimeheremembersthatfunnyjoke.既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语的动词主动形式表被动含义场合示例want/need/requiredoing=tobedone需要做某事Myroomrequirescleaningeveryday.我的房间每天都需要打扫。beworthdoing=beworthyofbeingdone值得做Thisbookisworthreading.

这本书值得一读。deservedoing=deservetobedone值得做Hedeservedtobepunished.=Hedeservedpunishing.他应受惩罚。考点突破·考法探究考点2：动词的现在分词

主要描述动作的进行状态或性质，在句中不能单独作谓语，具有形容词的特性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语，有时态和语态的变化。动词的现在分词现在分词作表语Theresultofthegameisverysurprising.游戏的结果让人很惊讶。Thenewsthatourteamhadwonwasveryinspiring.

我们队获胜的消息非常鼓舞人心。Thestoryisveryinterestingandencouraging.这个故事非常有趣且鼓舞人心。Yourideasoundsveryinteresting.

你的想法听起来很有趣。说明事物的特征.说明事物的特征说明事物的特征.说明事物的特征.

1.单个分词作定语位于被修饰词之前。Ihavegotarunning

nose.我流鼻涕。Itwasshockingnewstoher.这对她来说是一个令人震惊的消息。Therearetwoteachingbuildingsinourschool.我们学校有两座教学楼。

2.分词短语作定语置于被修饰词之后。Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?

你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗?Therearelotsofstudents

wishingtojoinus.

有许多学生想加入我们。现在分词作定语Arrivinghome,heshowedmealargebrightcleanroom.到家后，他把我领进了一个宽敞、明亮、洁净的房间。Hefelloffthebike,breakinghisleftleg.他从自行车上掉下来，摔断了左腿。Agroupofchildrenweresittingaroundtheteacher,playinggames.一群孩子围着老师，在做游戏。Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时一定要小心。现在分词作状语时间状语

结果状语伴随状语时间状语

Mymotherkeptmeworkingalltheweek.

妈妈让我整个星期都在工作。（宾语补足语）Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.

我当时听到他正在教室里唱歌。（宾语补足语）Jennycouldhearthem

arguingoutside.

珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。（宾语补足语）Anundeservedsuccessislikeamedalthatisfoundlyinginthestreet.（主语补足语）Ifyouseesoldierswearingsky-bluehelmets,theyareUnitedNationspeacekeepers.（宾语补足语）如果你看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。现在分词作补足语1.现在分词作宾补，动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系，说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：感官动词（see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feel)，使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。）2.with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；with＋宾语＋todo表示将要发生的动作。TIP考点突破·考法探究考点2：动词的过去分词

也是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要用于完成时态（如现在完成时、过去完成时）、被动语态，还可以在句子中充当定语、状语、补语等成分。

动词的过去分词过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作；单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.

男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。Ispottedthegirldressedinwhite.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。Thehousesbuiltlastyeararefortheteachers.=Thehousesthat/whichwerebuiltlastyeararefortheteacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。过去分词作定语过去分词作补足语场合用法示例

观感类使役类动词后1.表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice,let,make,hear,listento,see,observe,watch,have,feel。2.表示“致使”意义的动词如have,get,keep,leave,make等后。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。Hespokeinaloudvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。

With结构1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作；3.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。With

hishomeworkfinished,hewenttotheparktoplay.

作业写完了，他便去公园玩了。Shehadtowalkhomewith

herbikestolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。过去分词作表语作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。被动语态表示主语的动作，作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。

2.现在分词作表语，说名主语的身份、性质或情况，主语大多是物。表示“令人......的”。Thewindowisbroken.这扇窗户碎了。系表结构，表示主语thewindow所处的状态brokenThewindowwasbrokenbyTim.这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。被动语态，表示动作ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。1.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如：amazed（感到惊讶的）；

bored（感到无聊的）；confused（困惑的）；delighted（开心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定决心的）；disappointed（失望的）；excited（兴奋的）；embarrassed（尴尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力尽的）；frightened（令人惊骇的）；frustrated（消沉的）；interested（感兴趣的）；satisfied（满意度）；surprised（吃惊的）；moved（感动的）Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheylearntoomuchatatime.如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。2.be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如：gone消失了，不在了；

fallen落下的；

known著名的；

mistaken无解的，弄错的等。过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系；为了强调，还可以与while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用。Warnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.（=Thoughhewaswarned...）虽然被警告危险，他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.教授走进教室，几个学生跟在后面。Givenmoretime,Icanfinishthework.（=IfIamgiven...）Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略be动词，如果，从句中是被动结构时，即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。过去分词用于省略句Whencompleted,theroadwillbeopentopublic.当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。=Whenitiscompleted,...Thoughhewaswarneddanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.

=Thoughwarneddanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.v.＋-ed/-ing变成形容词v.＋-ed/-ing变成形容词v.＋-ed/-ing（-ed形容词多表示人的感受，-ing形容词多用于修饰物）amaze→amazed

吃惊的→amazing

令人大为惊奇的bore→bored（对某人/事物）厌烦的→boring

令人厌倦（或厌烦）的excite→excited

兴奋的→exciting令人激动的interest→interested

感兴趣的→interesting

有趣的please→pleased

高兴，满意→pleasing令人高兴的relax→relaxed

放松的→relaxing令人放松的satisfy→satisfied

满意的→satisfying令人满意（或满足）的surprise→surprised

惊讶的→surprising

令人吃惊的tire→tired疲倦的→tiring

令人困倦的要背下来哦！分层训练·巩固提升一、基础巩固1．Nowagreatnumberofpeoplefromallovertheworldenjoy________Chinesetea.A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．todrink2．—Howmuchdifficultydidyouhave________outthemathsproblem?—None.It’squiteeasy.A．worked B．towork C．working D．toworking3．Today,wemustcontinue________tokeepourskiesblue,waterscleanandlandsclear.A．work B．working C．towork D．worked4．—Youdon’tknowwhatgreatdifficultyIhad________togetthetwotickets.—Butthemusicisreallyworth________twice.A.managing;beinglistenedto

B．managing;listeningtoC．tomanage;beinglistenedto D．tomanage;listeningto5．________isthebestwaytoimprovemy________skills.A．Read,speaking B．Read,speaking C．Read,spoken D．Reading,spoken分层训练·巩固提升6．Hehurriedhome,_________behindashewent.A．looking B．looked C．beinglook D．waslooking7．Hejumpedintothewaterwhenheheardaboy________forhelp.A．call B．iscalling C．calling D．tocall8．MichaelJackson________as“KingofPop”wasannounceddeadonJune25th,________theworld.A．regarded,surprised B．whoregarded,surprisingC．regarded,surprising D．wasregarded,surprising9．Thenewrobot_________lastmonthcandomanyjobsinsteadofhumans.A．invents B．invented C．isinvented D．wasinvented10．—Dad,mycomputerdoesn’twork.

—Iwillgetit________tomorrow.A．repair B．torepair C．repaired D．repairing11．Thephoto________tenyearsagoremindsmeofthosesweetmemories.A．wastaken B．taken C．hastaken D．too分层训练·巩固提升二、能力提升完成句子1．非常感谢你在我低谷时继续支持我，而不像其他人一样背后说我的坏话。Thanksalot

aboutmebehindmybacklike

otherswhenIwasdown.2．Ittookhimtendaystofinishthework.

He

tendays

thework.3．Shelovesdancingandswimming.(转变成含有hobby的句子)

4．Weusedthenewwordstomakeupaninterestingstorytoday.Newwords

usedfor

upaninterestingstorytoday.5．Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.Weshouldnotcutdownthetrees.(两句合一句)Weshouldprotecttheenvironmentbynotcuttingdownthetrees.6．一定有东西在拜访我们附近的住户。There

things

thehomesinourneighborhood.spentinfinishingHerhobbiesaredancingandswimming.weremakingforkeepingsupportingmeinsteadofsayingbadwordsmustbevisiting7．一个路过的人问我邮局怎么走。Somebody

askedme

thepostoffice.8．他正忙于修理裤子，但他仍然回答了我的问题。He