外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT6 Period4课件

Period4

Unit6

Spaceandbeyond主题语境人与自然——宇宙奥秘探索课时学案单元语法讲练(Usinglanguage)(1)submit...to...

把……提交给……submitto... 顺从于……(to是介词)submitoneselfto... 使自己顺从于……(to是介词)(2)submissionn．

提交；屈服1．submitv．提交；顺从，屈服[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Thereport_________(submit)tothemanageryesterdaywasbeingdiscussedatthemeeting．②Nocountrywouldsubmitto_______________(control)byanothercountryintheworld．③Thefinaldateforthe__________(submit)ofproposalsisMarch14．submittedbeingcontrolledsubmission④对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。Thosewhoareinterestedinthesummercampmust_____________________________________________byMay15．submittheapplicationsandrelevantmaterials(1)signin/out

签到/签退signtosb．todosth．

打手势(让某人)做某事(2)asignof... ……的标志/迹象2．signup(for)报名参加(……)[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Ifyouareinterested，sign___onourschoolwebsitebeforeAugust10．②Hewasdesperatelysigningtomenot___________(mention)anythingabouthim．③Incommunication，asmileisusually__strongsignofafriendlyandopenattitude．④我们班一些同学一听到消息，就马上分小组报名参加。Hardlyhadtheygotthenewswhensomeofmyclassmates___________________________immediately．uptomentionasignedup(forit)ingroups复习情态动词1．can和could(1)表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去一般的能力。MygrandmothercandosomeshoppingontheInternet，butshecouldn'tlastyear．我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。

[名师点津]

was/wereableto表示有能力并且成功地做成了某事。Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingveryquickly，buteveryonewasabletogetout．尽管这场大火迅速蔓延了整个大楼，但是每个人都逃了出去。(2)can用于肯定句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”。Everythingcanhappen，everythingispossibleandprobable．任何事情都有可能发生，没有什么是不可能的。(3)表示请求和允许。could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can。—Could/CanIuseyourbike?——我可以用你的自行车吗？—Ofcourseyoucan．——当然可以。(4)表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句。Whatcantheybedoingthere?他们可能正在那里干什么？Hecan'tbeintheclassroom，forthelighthasbeenturnedoff．他不可能在教室，因为灯已经关了。[即时训练1]单句语法填空/完成句子①Parentsaredoingallthey___tohelptheirchildrenachievetheirambitions．②Sheaskedtheclerkifshe_____arrangetheexaminationatabouttenthenextday．③以我来看，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。Inmyopinion，apersonwithoutfriends_____________________．④只有通过面对面交谈我们才有机会说服他改变主意。Onlybytalkingfacetoface______________________topersuadehimtochangehismind．cancouldcanneverbehappycanwehavethechance2．may和might(1)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中，might比may语气更委婉；给予许可时肯定回答用may而不用might，否定回答一般用mustn't/can't。—May/MightIplaythecomputergamesaftersupper?——晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？—Yes，youmay．/No，youmustn't/can't．——是的，可以。/不，不行。(2)表示推测，意为“可能，或许”。Wemaygotothecinematonight，butwearenotsureyet．我们今晚或许去看电影，但还未确定。(3)用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。Mayyoubehappyeverydayandsucceedinyourwork!祝你每天都过得开心且工作顺利！(4)“may/mightaswell＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。Thereisnothingtodo，soImay/mightaswellgotobed．没什么事可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。[即时训练2]单句语法填空/完成句子①Lifeisunpredictable；eventhepoorest__________becometherichest．②They____behavingameeting，butI'mnotsure．③当我有不同的观点时，我或许会选择把它放弃而尊重大多数人的观点。WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，I_____________________andrespecttheopinionofthemajority．may/mightmaymaychoosetogiveitup④我们倒不如利用这次机会来提高我们的口语水平。We____________________________________________toimproveouroralEnglish．might/mayaswelltakeadvantageoftheopportunity3．must和haveto(1)表示“必须；应该”，must一般指主观，而haveto指客观上表示“不得不”。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep．我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。IhavetogonowforI'veameeting15minuteslater．我必须走了，因为15分钟后有个会。(2)表示推测，意为“一定会”，此时只能用在肯定句中。Youhaveworkedhardallday．Youmustbetired．辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(3)mustn't表禁止，而haveto的否定式意为“不必”。Youmustn'tplaywiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself．你千万不要玩刀，否则会伤到自己的。Wedon'thavetotakeittooseriously—justforfun．我们不必把它看得太认真——只是为了玩耍。(4)表示偏执、固执，意为“偏要，硬要”。Ifyoumustplay，pleasegoout．如果你硬要玩，那就出去吧。

[即时训练3]单句语法填空/完成句子①I'msorry，butyou____gowrong．There'snosuchmanhere．②Ifyou____goandplayfootball，atleastwaituntilschoolisover．③最后一班公共汽车开走了，他只好步行回家。Thelastbushadgone，sohe______________________．④你不可以在这里停车！这是紧急出口。You________________It'sanemergencyexit．mustmusthadtogohomeonfootmustn'tparkhere4．will和would(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。Wewillnevergiveupworking，whateverhappens．无论发生什么事，我们都不会放弃工作。Theysaidthattheywouldfightagainstthehaze．他们说要与雾霾作斗争。(2)表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would比will更委婉。Will/Wouldyoupleasetakeamessageforme?你能帮我捎个口信吗？(3)表示习惯。will指现在，would指过去。Shewilllistentomusicforhours．她总是听音乐一听就是几个小时。WewouldsitaroundGrandpaaftersupper，listeningtohisstories．过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。[名师点津]

would与usedto两者均表示“过去常常”，但would表示过去重复、习惯性动作；而usedto则强调过去与现在的对比。Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening．以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。Heusedtospendallhismoneyonfoodanddrink；nowhelivesasimplelife．他过去把钱都花在吃喝上；现在可节省了。[即时训练4]单句语法填空/完成句子①Whenhelivedinthecountryside，he_____gofishingeveryday．②___________youtellmesomethingaboutlocalcustoms?③我过去常常开车上班，但是现在我骑自行车上班。I_______________________，butnowIgotoworkbybike．④我们永远不会放弃努力实现梦想。We________________tryingtomakeourdreamscometrue．wouldWould/Willusedtogotoworkbycarwillnevergiveup5．shall和should(1)shall用于第一和第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。ShallIbuysomepicturebooksforthechildren?要我给孩子们买些图画书吗？(2)shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。Youshallfinishyourhomeworkfirstbeforeyougooutandplay．你得先做完作业再出去玩。Noreadershallremoveabookfromthelibrarywithoutpermission．未经许可，读者不可以把书带出图书馆。(3)should表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。此时oughtto比should语气要强。Youshould/oughttoputmoreeffortintoyourwork．你应该更加努力地工作。(4)should表示预测可能性，意为“按道理应该会”。HeleftParisinthemorning．Soheshouldarriveherebysuppertime．他早上离开巴黎。因此他晚饭前应该能到。(5)should表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。Itisstrangethatsuchthingsshouldhappeninourschool．真奇怪，这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了。[即时训练5]单句语法填空/完成句子①You_____bepunishedforwhatyouhavedone．②Youcan'timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman______besorudetoalady．shallshould③你犯了那么多错。下次应该认真。Youhavemadesomanymistakes．You________________________________．④我们有一条规定，那就是每个学生在校期间都必须穿校服。Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent________________________whileatschool．should/oughttobecarefulnexttimeshallwearschooluniforms6．need和dare(1)need既可作实义动词，也可作情态动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。Tonyhasknownthegoodnews，soyouneedn'ttellittohim．托尼已经知道了这个好消息，因此你不必再告诉他了。NeedIpaythewholeamountnow?我必须现在全部付清吗？[名师点津]由need开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must；否定回答常用needn't或don'thaveto。—NeedIanswerthequestion?——我需要回答那个问题吗？—Yes，youmust．/No，youneedn't/don'thaveto．——是的，你得回答。/不，不必了。(2)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。Idarenotwalkthroughthewoodatnight．夜间，我不敢在小树林里走。Howdareyoutalktomelikethat?你竟敢那样对我说话？[即时训练6]完成句子①他吓得不敢动。Hewassofrightenedthathe________________________________．②如果你有什么重要的事要做的话，今晚的会议就不要参加了。You_____________________________________thisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo．darednotmove/didn'tdaretomoveneedn't/don'tneedtocometothemeeting7．情态动词＋havedone(1)musthavedone表示对过去发生的事情十分肯定的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做过某事。”Fromwhatyousaid，shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit．从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。(2)can/couldhavedone用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，意为“不可能已经……”或“可能已经……了吗？”；用在肯定句中，表示对过去没有实现的可能性的遗憾，意为“本来能做……实际上却未做”。MrSmithcan'thavegonetoBeijing，forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow．史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。Youcouldhavedonebetter，butyoudidn'ttryyourbest．你本来能做得更好，但你没尽全力。(3)should/oughttohavedone表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。Youshouldhavedonemoreexercisebefore．以前你应该多进行锻炼的。Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou．Youshouldn'thavelefthomewithoutaword．我真的为你担心。你本不该不打声招呼就离开家。(4)needhavedone表示“本需要做某事而实际未做”；needn'thavedone表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。Asitturnedouttobeasmallfamilyparty，weneedn'thavedressedupsoformally．由于这是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。(5)may/mighthavedone表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中。Hemighthavesaidsoatthemeeting，butI'mnotsure．他或许在会上说过这样的话，但我说不准。[即时训练7]单句语法填空/完成句子①Heneedn't_____________(water)theflowers，butheneededtodosomethingtokilltime．②他本可以通过这次考试的，可是他太粗心了。He_________________________，buthewastoocareless．havewateredcouldhavepassedtheexam③你很熟悉这个城市；你一定在这里待了很长时间。Youareveryfamiliarwiththecity；you_____________________________________．④他们不应该走那么早。瞧，经理正在发火。They_________________________．Look，themanagerislosinghistemper．musthavestayedhereforalongtimeshouldn'thaveleftsoearly用适当的情态动词填空Hi，Elisa，DoyourememberthatwritingcompetitionItoldyouabout?Well，myteachersuggestedIgoinforit，soIthinkI1．____．IthinkthehardestthingformewillbethefactthatI2．________________writemorethan600words．OnceIstartwritingIjustcan'tstop，soI3．____controlmyselfifIwanttokeepwithinthelimit．willshall/should/mustneedThegoodthingisthatI4．_______writeaboutanyspecifictopic—I5．____choosethatmyself．ButIthinkI6．______________writeaboutsomethingI'mfamiliarwith．I7．__________baseitaroundafishingtriporatennismatch．I8．________senditinbytheendofthemonth，soI'dbetterstartwritingsoon，asI9．____goskiingonthe19th．Wishmeluck!Timneedn'tcanshould/oughttocould/canhavetowill①sourceoffascination魅力源泉②archeologicaladj．考古的③inreality事实上，实际上④thenakedeye肉眼⑤investigatev．调查，研究课下预习第二篇课文(Developingideas)⑥dramaticallyadv．巨大地；戏剧性地⑦telescopen．望远镜⑧anglev．斜置⑨galaxyn．星系⑩theMilkyWay银河系⑪cosmicadj．宇宙的⑫launchv．发射⑬breathtakinglyadv．惊人地⑭imagen．形象，影像⑮conceivablyadv．可以相信地；可想象地⑯atanever-increasingspeed以越来越快的速度⑰beengagedin从事于；忙于⑱advancedtelescope先进的望远镜⑲becomposedof由……组成/构成⑳subatomicparticle亚原子粒子subatomicadj．亚原子的；原子内的particlen．粒子㉑invisibleadj．看不见的㉒constructv．建造，创建㉓questfor探求，探索EYESUPONTHENIGHTThenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascination①sincethestartofhumanhistory．Forexample，themysteriouslarge-eyed，bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom，discoveredattheChinesearcheological②siteatSanxingdui，werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars．Inreality③，humanscanseeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye④．And，foralongwhile，peoplewereunabletounderstandwhattheycouldsee．[1]Notknowingwhatthestarswere，peopleinancienttimesusedtheirimaginationstocreateaworldinthesky．[1]notknowingwhatthestarswere为动词-ing形式短语的否定形式，在句中作状语；what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。[2]Ourpowertoinvestigate⑤andthusunderstandspacechangeddramatically⑥whenthefirsttelescope⑦wasangled⑧atthenightsky，increasingasitdidthepowerofthehumaneyeandenablingustounderstandthattheuniverseisfarlargerthanwaspreviouslyimaginable．Theplanetswereseentobeworldssimilartoourown，manyofthemevenhavingtheirownmoons．Soon，itwasunderstoodthattheSunwasjustonestaramongbillionsinthegalaxy⑨wecalltheMilkyWay⑩．Some300yearslater，welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsofothers，spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelikegreatislandsoflightandmatterfloatinginavastcosmic⑪ocean．[2]本句句子主干为ourpowertoinvestigateandthusunderstandspacechangeddramatically，主语中心词为ourpower，动词不定式作后置定语；when引导时间状语从句；第二个and连接并列的结果状语。Almost400yearsafterthefirstEarth-basedtelescopewasinvented，theHubbleSpaceTelescopewaslaunched⑫intoorbit，givingastronomers—indeedallofus—thefirstbreathtakingly⑬beautifulimages⑭ofouruniversetakenfrombeyondEarth．Nothinginhistoryhasallowedustoseesomuchoversuchgreatdistances，[3]fromenormouscloudsofgaswherestarsarebeingborn，tohugeblackholes，andeventonewplanetswherewemightconceivably⑮findlife．Notonlythat—ithasalsohelpedustoworkouttheageandnatureoftheuniverse，and[4]discovertheincrediblefactthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-increasingspeed⑯．[3]句中的两个where引导的从句均为定语从句，分别修饰gas和planets。[4]句中that引导同位语从句。Toseeevenfurtherintotheuniverse，manycountriesarenowengagedin⑰buildingevermoreadvancedtelescopes⑱．Currently，Chinaoperatestheworld'slargestandmostpowerfulradiotelescope，theFASTtelescope，completedin2016．The500-metredishofthe“EyeofHeaven”，asitisknown，isbeingusedinthesearchfordarkmatter，thoughttobecomposedof⑲subatomicparticles⑳

invisible㉑toordinarytelescopes．Thisvastdishalsohastheabilitytoexploreregionsofspacebillionsoflight