大学英语四级（年月考试改革适用）模拟试卷13（共533题）

大学英语四级（年月考试改革适用）模

拟试卷13（共9套）

（共533题）

大学英语四级（年月考试改革适用）模

拟试卷第1套

一、作文（本题共I题，每题7.0分，共I分。）

1、Forthispan,youareallowed30minutesiowriteashortessayoniheimporianceof

frustrationeducationamongcollegestudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutno

morethan180words.

标准答案：TheImportanceofFrustrationEducationAmongCollegeStudentsEach

yeartherearcagrowingnumberofcollegestudentscommittingsuicidewhenconfronted

withsetbacksandfrustration,whichsuggeststhatfrustrationeducationisextremely

importantforcollegestudents.Firstofall,whatcannotbeignoredisthatmostcollege

studentswhoarefarawayfromtheirfamiliesneedtofacechallengesaloneandmay

easilygetconfusedandfrustrated.Thus,strengtheningfrustrationeducationcanhelp

thembecomestrong-mindedandteachthemhowtodealwithsetbacks.Secondly,college

guidanceonhowtocorrectlydealwithnegativeemotionsisbeneficialtostudents'

mentalhealthandencouragesthemtotakeapositiveattitudetowardstheirschoollife.

Moreover,frustrationisinevitableinourlives.Ifcollegestudentsdonotlearnhowto

copewithitwhentheyareyoung,theymayencountersomeproblemsintheirfuture

careers,suchaslackofconfidence,difficultiesingettingalongwellwithothersand

unwillingnesstotrynewthings,whichcertainlywillbecomeobstaclestotheirsuccess.

Inshort,frustrationeducationcanbringgreatbenefitstostudents,whichshouldnotbe

neglectedatcollege.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、词汇理解（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共70分。）

Bullyingisadistinctivepatternofharmingandhumiliatingothers.Thosewhoarcin

somewaysmaller,weaker,youngerormore[Cl]thanthebullyoftenfall

victims.Bullyingisnotcommonaggression;itisadeliberateandrepeated[C2]

tocauseharmtoothersoflesserpower.Bulliesaremade,notborn,andithappens

atanearlyage,ifthe[C3]aggressionof2-year-oldsisn'thandledwell.Many

studiesshowthatbullieslackpro-socialbehavior,are[C4]byanxiety,anddo

notfeelempathyforothers'situations.Thosewhochronicallybullyhavestrained

relationshipswithparentsandpeers.Bulliescouldn'texistwithoutvictims,andtheydon't

pickonjustanyone-those[C5]outlackassertivenessandradiatefearlong

beforetheyeverencounterabully.Thepsychologicaldifficultiesvictimsexperiencedin

childhoodandadolescencemayproducenegative[C6]wellintoadulthood.

Unfortunately,parents,teachers,andotheradultsarenot[C7]awareofhow

widespreadbullyingisandhowdamagingitcanbetopsychologicalhealth.Increasingly,

childrenaregrowingupwithoutthekindsofexperiencesthatleadtothedevelopmentof

socialskills,andfreeplayhasbeenin[C8].Yet,it'sinplayingwithpeers,

withoutadultmonitoring,thatchildren[C9]theskillsthatmakethemwell-liked

byage-matesandlearnhowtosolvesocialproblems.Butchildrenlearnalotabout

[CIO]theirsocialworldsbyseekingguidancefromtheirparents,sodiscussing

withyourchildrennormsandvaluesdoesmatter.A)acquireI)outcomesB)alarmingly

J)preferencesC)attemptK)restrainingD)declineL)singledE)droppedM)sufficiently

F)indifferentN)untroubledG)navigatingO)vulnerableH)normal

2、[Cl]

标准答案：O

知识点解析:空格位于连词or之后,与之并列的smaller、weaker和younger均为

形容词，因此，空格处应填入形容词且感情色彩应与前面几个单词一致，故选

O)vulnerable”脆弱的，易受...伤害的“。

3、[C2]

标准答案：C

知识点》析：空格位于不定冠词和形容词之后，应填入名词。上文提到，“霸凌是

•种伤害和羞辱他人的独特形式”，而空格所在句提到。“霸凌不是•般的攻击性行

为，而是故意地、反复地______对弱小者造成的伤害。”因此可推断应填入

C)attempt"试图，尝试”°备选项中的J)preferences“偏爱的事物，喜爱的东西”虽然

句意上说得通，但它是名词复数形式，不能和不定冠词a搭配，故排除。

4、[C3]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：空格位于定冠词和名词之间，应填入形容词作定语。上文提到，“霸

凌不是一般的攻击性行为“，if引导的从句假设“两岁孩子的攻击行为得不到

妥善处理”，就会出现主句中交代的“小小年纪就会出现霸凌行为”，推测得知这时

的攻击行为应该属于程度比较轻的、比较常见的行为，对应上文的common,因此

填入H)normal"一般的,正常的“。备选项中的F)indiffereiH作“冷淡的”讲时,一般

用来修饰人而非行为；作“一般的”讲时，指的是质量、技艺方面一般，不符合此处

语境，故排除。

5、[C4]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：空格位于系动词和介词by之间，应填入形容词或动词的过去分词。

空格前后的并列结构中出现了lackpro-socialbehavior“缺乏亲社会行为”和donot

fbelempathy”缺乏同理心”这样的表达，要保持感情色彩一致，故应填入

N)untroubled"不受影响的，不为所动的”，表示霸凌者不会受焦虑影响。备选项中

的F)indifferent作“冷淡的”讲时，-一般搭配介词to,故排除。

6、(C51

标准答案：L

知识点解析：空格位于主语those之后，本来应该是谓语动词，但空格后已经出现

了动词lack和radiate充当谓语，故推测空格处极有可能是后置定语来修饰主语

those且能和oul搭配。破折号前面提至「霸凌者并不是随便挑选受害者的“，破折号

后的句子解释说明了受害者的特点，由此可知，空格处指的是“被挑选出来的“，修

饰代指"受害者"的those,故选L)singled,动词短语singleout意为“挑出,选出”。

7、[C6]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：空格位于形容词之后，且谓语动词produce缺少宾语，故应填入名

词.空格前面出现了difficulties"困难，障碍”和victims“受害者”，根据语境，应填

入I)outcomcs”后果，结果"，negativeoutcomes表示“消极的后果

8、[C7]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：空格所在句结构完整，因此应填入副词修饰谓语动词或整句话。上文

提到霸凌会对受害者造成不良影响，本句以unfortunately”不幸的是”开头，由此可

知霸凌行为并没有得到社会各方的充分认识，故填入M)sufflciently”充分地，足够

地"。B)alarmingly”惊人地，值得警惕地”•般放在消极意义的形容词前面作程度副

词，不符合此处语境，故排除。

9、[C8]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：空格所在句子已有主语和系动词部分freeplayhasbeen,空格前面又

出现了介词，因此应填入名词，和介词in一起作表语。空格前一个并列分句提到

“越来越多的孩子缺乏可以培养社交技能的各类体验“，空格后的句子又强调了让孩

子自由玩耍的重要性，由此推测，自由玩耍是越来越少的，indecline意为“下

降”,故选D)decline”减少，下降”。

10、[C9]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：空格所在句是强调句型，把irs和that去掉后，会发现句子已经有了

主语children和宾语skills以及修饰宾语的定语从句由atmakethemwell-likedby

age-males和and连接的并列谓语及宾语成分，因此空格处只能填入动词作谓语，

且能和后面的动词原形learn一起构成并列谓语，故选A）acquire”掌握，获得

II、[CIO]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：空格位于介词about和名词结构theirsocialworlds之间，应填入动词

的-ing形式，备选项中只剩G）navigating和K）restraining。K）restmin式g”控制,阻

止”一般指的是控制情绪或者抑制某种结果的产生，搭配socialworlds“社交圈”说不

通，故排除。G）navigating"驾驭，成功应对”符合此处语境，故为答案。

三、长篇阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共70分。）

UniversalHealthCare,Worldwide,IsWithinReachAiBymanymeasurestheworldhas

neverbeeninbetterhealth.Since2000thenumberofchildrenwhodiebeforetheyare

fivehasfallenbyalmosthalf,to5.6m.Lifeexpectancyhasreached71,againoffive

years.Morechildrenthaneverarevaccinated.Malaria,TBandHTV/AIDSareinretreat.

B）Yetthegapbetweenthisprogressandthestillgreaterpotentialthatmedicineoffers

hasperhapsneverbeenwider.AtleasthalftheworldiswithoutaccesstowhattheWorld

HealthOrganisationdeemsessential,includingantenatal（产前的）care,insecticide-

treatedbednets,screeningforcervicalcancer（子宫颈癌）andvaccinationsagainst

diphtheria（白喉）,tetanus（破伤风）andwhoopingcough.Safe,basicsurgeryisoutof

reachfor5bnpeople.C）Thosewhocangettoseeadoctoroftenpayacripplingprice.

Morethan800mpeoplespendover10%oftheirannualhouseholdincomeonmedical

expenses;nearly180mspendover25%.Thequalityofwhattheygetinreturnisoften

woeful.InstudiesofconsultationsinruralIndianclinics,just12-26%ofpatients

receivedacorrectdiagnosis.Thatisaterriblewaste.Asthisweek'sspecialreportshows,

thegoalofuniversalbasichealthcareissensible,affordableandpractical,eveninpoor

countries.Withoutit,thepotentialofmodernmedicinewillbesquandered.D）Universal

basichealthcareissensibleinthewaythat,say,universalbasiceducationissensible—

becauseityieldsbenefitstosocietyaswellastoindividuals.Insomequartersthevery

idealeadstoadangerouselevationofthebloodpressure,becauseitsuggestspaternalism

（家长式统治）,coercionorworse.Thereisnohidingthatpublichealthinsurance

schemesrequiretherichtosubsidisethepoor,theyoungtosubsidisetheoldandthe

healthytounderwritethesick.Anduniversalschemesmusthaveawayofforcingpeople

topay,throughtaxes,say,orbymandatingthattheybuyinsurance.E）Butthereisa

principled,liberalcaseforuniversalhealthcare.Goodhealthissomethingeveryonecan

reasonablybeassumedtowantinordertorealisetheirfullindividualpotential.Universal

careisawayofprovidingitthatispro-growth.Thecostsofinaccessible,expensiveand

abjecttreatmentareenormous.Thesickstruggletogetaneducationortobeproductive

atwork.Landcannotbedevelopedifitisfullofdisease-carryingparasites.Accordingto

severalstudies,confidenceabouthealthmakespeoplemorelikelytosetuptheirown

businesses.F）Universalbasichealthcareisalsoaffordable.Acountryneednotwaitto

berichbeforeitcanhavecomprehensive,ifrudimentary,treatment.Healthcareisa

labour-intensiveindustry,andcommunityhealthworkers,paidrelativelylittlecompared

withdoctorsandnurses,canmakeabigdifferenceinpoorcountries.Thereisalso

alreadyalotofspendingonhealthinpoorcountries,butitisofteninefficient.InIndia

andNigeria,fbrexample,morethan60%ofhealthspendingisthroughout-of-pocket

payments.Moreservicescouldbeprovidedifthatmoney—andtheriskoffallingill一

werepooled.G)Theevidenceforthefeasibilityofuniversalhealthcaregoesbeyond

theoriesjottedonthebackofprescriptionpads.Itissupportedbyseveralpioneering

examples.ChileandCostaRicaspendaboutaneighthofwhatAmericadoesperperson

onhealthandhavesimilarlifeexpectancies.Thailandspends$220perpersonayearon

health,andyethasoutcomesnearlyasgoodasintheOECD.Itsrateofdeathsrelatedto

pregnancy,forexample,isjustoverhalfthatofAfrican-Americanmothers.Rwandahas

introducedultrabasichealthinsurancefbrmorethan90%ofitspeople;infantmortality

hasfallenfrom120per1.000livebirthsin2000tounder30lastyear.H)Anduniversal

healthcareispractical.Itisawaytopreventfree-ridersfrompassingonihecostsofnot

beingcoveredtoothers,forexamplebycloggingupemergencyroomsorbyspreading

contagiousdiseases.Itdoesnothavetomeanbiggovernment.Privateinsurersand

providerscanstillplayanimportantrole.I)Indeedsuchapracticalapproachisjustwhat

thelow-costrevolutionneeds.Take,fbrinstance,thedesignofhealth-insuranceschemes.

Manycountriesstartbymakingasmallgroupofpeopleeligiblefbralargenumberof

benefits,intheexpectationthatothergroupswillbeaddedlater.(Civilservantsare,

mysteriously,commonbeneficiaries.)Thisisnotonlyunfairandinefficient,butalso

riskscreatingaconstituencyopposedtoextendinginsurancetoothers.Thebetteroption

istocoverasmanypeopleaspossible,eveniftheservicesavailablearesparse,asunder

Mexico'sSeguroPopularscheme.J)Smallamountsofspendingcangoalongway.

ResearchledbyDeanJamison,ahealtheconomist,hasidentifiedover200effective

interventions,includingimmunizationsandneglectedproceduressuchasbasicsurgery.

Intotal,thesewouldcostpoorcountriesaboutanextra$1perweekperpersonandcut

thenumberofprematuredeathstherebymorethanaquarter.Aroundhalfthatfunding

wouldgotoprimaryhealthcentres,notcityhospitals,whichtodayreceivemorethan

theirfairshareofthemoney.K)Consider,too,the$37bnspenteachyearonhealthaid.

Since2000,thishashelpedsavemillionsfrominfectiousdiseases.Butinternational

healthorganizationscandistortdomesticinstitutions,forexamplebysettingupparallel

programmesorbydivertinghealthworkersintopetprefects.Abetterapproach,seenin

Rwanda,iswhenprogrammestargetingaparticulardiseasebringbroaderbenefits.One

exampleisthewaythattheGlobalFundtofightAIDS.TuberculosisandMalaria

financescommunityhealthworkerswhotreatpatientswithHIVbutalsothosewithother

diseases.L)EuropeanshavelongwonderedwhytheUnitedStatesshunstheefficiencies

andhealthgainsfromuniversalcare,butitspotentialindevelopingcountriesisless

understood.Solongashalftheworldgoeswithoutessentialtreatment,thefruitsof

centuriesofmedicalsciencewillbewasted.Universalbasichealthcarecanhelprealise

itspromise.

12^Itisextremelywastefulthatpeoplecouldn'tgetsatisfyingtreatmentafterspendinga

fortune.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、Apartfromthegovernment,privateinsurancecompaniesandproviderscanalso

comeintoplayinuniversalhealthcare.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、MostofIndianandNigerianhealthexpenditureispaidbythepatients.

标准答案：F-

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、TheeffectivemeasuresfoundbytheresearchledbyDeanJamisonwouldleadtoa

bigdropinthenumberofearlydeathsinpoorcountriesatlittlecost.

标准答案：J

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、Thedeathtollofchildrenunderfive,theexpectedlifespan,thenumberofchildren

vaccinatedandthecontrolofinfectiousdiseasesindicateunprecedentedgoodhealth

worldwide.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、Betterdesignofhealth-insuranceschemesarcthoselikeMexico'sScguroPopular

schemecoveringmorepeoplebutwithlimitedservices.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、Noteveryoneagreeswithuniversalbasichealthcareeventhoughitisawiseand

beneficialmeasure.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、ThehealthspendingandlifeexpectancyarecomparedbetweenChileandAmerica

toprovethatuniversalhealthcareisfeasible.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

20、ThegoodexperiencefromthehealthaidprogrammeinRwandaisthattomake

programmesfocusononeparticulardiseasecanproducemorebenefits.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、Medicinehasfarfromreacheditsgreaterpotentialdespitetheimprovementin

health.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)

Inmuchoftherichworld65stillmarksthebeginningofoldage.Jobsend,subsidized

bustravelbeginsandpeoplestarttobeseenasafinancialburdenratherthananassetto

thestate.Thelargerthe"65"plus"groupbecomes,comparedwiththepopulationof

workingage,themorepolicymakersworryaboutthecostsoftheirhealthcareand

pensions.Bytheendofthecenturythe"old-agedependencyratio",whichtracksthis

relationship,willtriple.Pessimistspredicta"silvertsunami"thatwillbankruptusall.

Butdoesitstillmakesensetocall65-year-olds"old"?TheOxfordEnglishdictionary

defines"old"as"havinglivedforalongtime”.Ilillustiatesthesensewithan

accompanyingphrase,"theoldmanlayproppeduponcushions":theoldpersonasone

whohasmadealltheusefulcontributionshecanpossiblymaketosocietyandisnov/at

rest.WhenpensionswerefirstintroducedinPrussia,inthe1880s,thiswasprobablya

faircharacterisationforanyoneover65.Notmanypeoplelivedbeyondthisage;those

whodidwererarelyingoodhealth.Buttodaymany65-ycar-oldsarchealthyandactive.

DonaldTrump(71)maybemanythings,butoldheisnot,norforthatmatterisVladimir

Putin(64),whoqualifiesforhisbuspassinOctober.Yetgovernmentsandemployers

stilltreat65asacliffsedgebeyondwhichpeoplecanberegardedas"old":inactive,and

aneconomicburden.Thisiswrong,forthreereasons.First,what"old"meansisrelative.

Todaytheaverage65-year-oldGermancanexpecttoliveanother20years.Socanmost

peopleinotherrichcountries,meaningoldagenowarguablykicksinlaterthanbefore.

Second,thetermcarriesanunderlyingimplicationabouthealth,oratleastfitness.But

hcalthy-lifcexpectancyhasgrownroughlyintandemwithlifeexpectancy;formany,70

reallyisthenew60.Third,surveysshowthatthemajorityofyoungerover-65-year-olds

increasinglywanttostayactivelyinvolvedintheircommunitiesandeconomies.Few

wanttoretireintheliteralsenseoftheword,whichimplieswithdrawingfromsocietyas

awhole.Manywanttocontinueworkingbutondifferenttermsthanbefore,askingfor

moreflexibilityandfewerhours.

22、Itcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、the"65"plus"groupcanenjoysomespecialwelfare

B、the"65"plus"groupistheprecioustreasureofacountry

C、pessimistsaremorelikelytogobankrupt

D、theauthortendstoagreewiththeviewofpessimists

标准答案：A」

知识点解析：推理判断题。第一段提到，在大多数富裕国家，65岁仍标志着老年

阶段的开始。人们结束工作，开始领公共汽车乘车补贴出行。由此判断，65岁以

上的人可以享受一些特殊福利，故答案为A)。B)“65岁以上的人是国家的宝贵财

富”，第一段第二句提到，他们开始被看作是财政负担，而不是国家的财富，故排

除：C)“悲观主义者更有可能破产”，第一段倒数第二句提到，悲观主义者预测，

场“银发海啸”将会使我们所有人破产，并未提到悲观主义者自身是否容易破产的问

题，故排除；D)“作者倾向于赞同悲观主义者的观点”，第一段末句用bul转折提问

-依然把65岁的人称作“老人”是否真的合理呢?显然作者并不赞同悲观主义者的

观点，故排除。

23、TheauthorcitestheexamplesofDonaldTrumpandVladimirPutininordertoshow

that.

A^many65-year-oldsarereallytoooldtowork

B、peopleover65arequalifiedtogetthebussubsidy

C、many65-year-oldsarestillcompetentintheirwork

D、peopleover65arcmoresuitablefornationalleadership

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，唐纳德-特朗普(71岁)可能有很多问题，

但他并不老；弗拉基米尔-普京(64岁)也谈不上老，尽管他在10月份就有资格获得

公共汽车通行证了。再结合前一句提到的“许多65岁的人依然健康而活跃”可知，

作者通过例证意在说明很多65岁的人并不老，他们仍然有能力胜任各项工作，故

答案为C)。A)”很多65岁的人真的太老而无法工作了”与文中表达的意思相反，故

排除；B)“66岁以上的人有资格获得公共汽车补贴”并不是作者举例的目的，故排

除：D)“66岁以上的人更适合当国家领导人”，文中并未提及这一点，也不是作者

举例的目的所在，故排除。

24、Howdoemployersthinkof65-year-olds?

A、Theymayhavemobilitydifficultiesintheirdailylife.

B>Theymaybeunabletoexpresstheirownideasverywell.

C、Theymaydragdowntheenterprises.

D、Theymaybeveryexperiencedintheirwork.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理判断题。定位句提到，政府和雇主仍然将65岁视作悬崖边缘，

超过这个界线的人就被视为“老”：无所作为，成为经济负担。由此判断，雇主们认

为65岁以上的员工可能会拖企业后腿，故答案为C)。A)“他们在日常生活中可能

会行动不便''曲解了inactive的含义，故排除；B)“他们可能不能很好地表达自己的

观点”和D)“他们可能在工作中很有经验”文中均未提及，故排除。

25、Accordingtothepassage,"formany,70reallyisthenew60"mostprobably

means.

A、manyoldpeopletodaycansurvivetenyearslongerthanbefore

B、manyoldpeopletodayareinabetterhealthconditionthanbefore

C、manyoldpeopletodayhaveabetterstateofmindthanbefore

D、manyoldpeopletodayaremoredynamicthanbefore

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语义理解题。定位句提到，但健康预期寿命大致上是与预期寿命同步

增长的；对于许多人来说，70岁才是新的60岁。再结合该段第四句中提到的“现

在的老年比以前来得更晚了”可知，作者意在强调，现如今老年人的健康状况比以

前的老年人要好，他们的健康预期寿命延长了，故答案为B)。A)“现如今的许多老

年人比以前的老年人能多活十年''并不是该句所耍表达的意思，文中也没有明确指

出现在的老年人比以前的老年人多活多少年，故排除；0“现如今的许多老年人比

以前的老年人心态好”和D广现如今的许多老年人比以前的老年人更有活力”文中均

未提及，故排除。

26、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheworkingattitudeofmostovcr-65-ycar-

olds?

A、Theywanttoretirewhentheyhittheretirementage.

B、Theystillwanttoworkashardasbefore.

C、Theystillwanttoworkhardliketheyoung.

D、Theystillwanttoworkbutwithlowerworkintensity.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。定位句提到，调查显示，大多数65岁以上稍年轻些的

人群越来越希望积极参与社区和经济活动。很少有人想按字面意义退休，那意味着

退出整个社会。很多人还想要继续工作，但与以前不同的是，他们要求更多的灵活

性和更少的工作时间。由此判断，大多数65岁以上的老年人仍然想从事一些劳动

强度较低的工作，故答案为D)。A)“他们一到退休年龄就想退休”、B)“他们仍然想

像以前一样努力工作”和C)“他们仍然想像年轻人一样努力工作”均与原文内容不

符，故排除。

TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA)warnsthatthelonelinessepidemicnow

representsathreattopublichealththatexceedsthatofobesity.Beforegettingintothe

specifics,weneedtohaveaclearunderstandingofwhatlonelinessis,andwhatitisn't;

Lonelinessisdefinedsubjectively,notobjectively.Inotherwords,whatmattersisnot

howmanyfriendsyouhaveorhowmanypeopleyouhavearoundyouonadailybasis.

Rather,whatmattersiswhetheryoufeelemotionallyorsociallydisconnectedfrom

others.Indeed,manypeoplewhoarcmarriedandlivewithfamilymembersreport

feelingsignificantloneliness,becausetheyfeelemotionallydisconnectedfromtheir

partnersandlovedones.Themosttragicandcompellingaspectoftheloneliness

epidemicishowpreventableitis.Theproblemisafundamentallackofawareness,both

forlonelypeopleandforthosearoundthem.Itisn'teasytoapproachafriendorloved

oneandexpressconcernsabouttheirsmokinghabitsortheirobesity,yetmanyofusdo

soregardless.Buthowmanyofushaveapproachedafriendorlovedonetodiscussour

concernsabouttheirloneliness?Publicdialoguesaboutthedangersofsmokingandof

obesityhavegoneonfordecades.Peoplewhosmokeandthosewhostrugglewith

obesityareawarethattheirhealthandlongevityareatrisk.Butlonelypeoplearelargely

unawareoftheriskstheyface,asaretheirfriendsandlovedones.Considerthatwhena

lovedonesmokes,thereisnothingwecandotohelpthemotherthanurgethemto

changetheirhabitsandlifestyle.Butwhenitcomestoloneliness,wecanactuallybethe

solution;Wecanreachout,call,visit,andincludetheminactivitiesandget-togethers.

Wecaninitiatedeeper,moremeaningfulconversationsandmakethemfeelseenand

loved.Sululiunsshoulduuiuufiomwithinouriiuighborhuudsanduuiiimuiiiliusaswell.

Localmunicipalitiesandneighborhoodassociationscouldorganizeactivitiesforretired

persons.Schoolscanurgestudentstovisitwithhomeboundpeopleorthosewithlimited

mobility.Theoptionsforinterventionsarenumerous.

27、Itcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraphthat.

A、thosewhooftenhangoutwithfriendsarelesslikelytofeellonely

B>thosewholivewithfamilymembersarelesslikelytofeellonely

C>thosewhoaremarriedaremorelikelytofeellonelythanunmarriedones

D^thosewholackcommunicationwithpartnersaremorelikelytofeellonely

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理判断题。第二段第一句首先指出孤独是从主观上界定的，而不是

客观上。接着，第二句和第三句解释道，一个人孤独与否重要的不是看你有多少朋

友或者每天身边有多少人围绕着你，而是要看你是否在情感上或社交上与他人脱

节。由此判断，那些与伴侣缺乏交流的人更容易感到孤独，故答案为D)。A)“那些

经常和朋友出去玩的人不太可能感到孤独”与第二句所表述的意思不符，故排除；

B)“那些和家人一起生活的人不太可能感到孤独”，第二段第四句提到，许多已婚并

与家庭成员生活在一起的人称自己感到非常孤独，因为他们感到自己与伴侣和所爱

之人在情感上是脱节的，故排除；C)“那些已婚人士比未婚人士更有可能感到见

独”，第二段第四句提到了已婚人士也会感到非常孤独，但并未与未婚人士进行比

较，故排除。

28、Peopleseldomdiscussthetopicaboutlonelinesswiththeirfriendsbecause.

A、it'stooembarrassedtotalkaboutitamongfriends

B、mostpeoplehaven'trealizedtheriskofloneliness

C、thistopicisoneofthegreattaboosamongfriends

D、it'snoteasytoapproachafriendtodiscusstheproblem

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。定位句是一个问句：我们当中又有多少人曾接近你的朋

友或所爱之人来谈论我们对他们孤独的担忧呢?实际上，作者在本段第二句就指明

了原因，问题在于孤独者以及他们身边的人都对孤独缺乏根本的认识，故B)“大多

数人尚未意识到孤独的风险”为答案。A)“在朋友之间谈论这件事太尴尬了”和

C)”这个话题是朋友之间最大的禁忌之一”在原文中均未提到，故排除；D)“和朋友

讨论这个问题并不容易”，木段第三句提到，要接近朋友或所爱之人并表达对他们

吸烟习惯或肥胖的担忧并不容易，但并不能以此来判断人们很少谈论孤独是因为这

一点，故排除该项。

29、Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheriskofloneliness?

A、Obesepeoplearemorealerttotheriskofloneliness.

B、Mostlonelypeoplehaverealizedtheriskofloneliness.

C>Peoplewhosmokecaneasilyrecognizetheriskofloneliness.

D、Thefriendsaroundlonelypeopleoftenoverlooktheriskofloneliness.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实细节题。由定位句可知，孤独的人在很大程度上并没有意识到他

们所面临的风险，他们身边的朋友和所爱之人也忽视了这一点，故D广孤独者身边

的朋友常常忽视了孤独的风险''为答案。A)“肥胖的人对孤独的风险更警觉”和

C)”吸烟的人容易意识到孤独的风险”，本段第二句提到，吸烟的人和那些与肥胖作

斗争的人都意识到他们的健康和寿命正处于危险之中，但并未说他们意识到了孤独

的风险，故排除；B)“大多数孤独的人都意识到了孤独的风险”与定位句所表达的意

思相反，故排除。

30、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismentionedtorelieveloneliness?

A、Wecanurgeourlonelyfriendstochangetheirbadhabits.

Wecanhaveheart-to-hearttalkswithourlonelyfriends.

C、Localmunicipalitiescanprovidefundstohelpthoselonelyelderlypeople.

D、Schoolscanorganizestudentsfeelinglonelytotakeoutdooractivities.

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：事实细节题。第五段最后两句提到，我们可以联系他们，给他们打电

话，拜访他们，拉他们参加一些活动和聚会。我们可以发起更深人、更有意义的对

话，让他们感受到被关注和被爱。由此可知，B)“我们可以和感到孤独的朋友进行

推心置腹的谈话''为答案。A)“我们可以敦促感到孤独的朋友改变他们的坏习惯”，

本段第一句提到，当我们所爱之人吸烟时，除了敦促他们改变生活习惯和生活方式

外，我们无能为力，文中并未提到敦促朋友改变坏习惯能帮助他们缓解孤独，故排

除；C)”地方政府可.以为那些孤独的老人提供资金帮助”，第六段第二句提到，地方

政府和社区协会可以为退休人员组织活动，并未提及资金帮助，故排除；D)“学校

可以组织那些感到孤独的学生参加户外活动”，第六段第三句提到，学校可以鼓励

学生拜访那些闲居在家或行动受限的人，选项与原文内容表述不符，故排除。

31、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Thepossiblecauseoflonelinesshastobestudiedfurther.

BNThedefinitionoflonelinessneedstobediscussedfurther.

C、Thethreatoflonelinesstopublichealthshouldbetakenseriously.

D、Thedangersofsmokingandobesitydeservegreatpublicattention.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段指出，现在孤独流行病对公众健康构成的威

胁超过了肥胖,第二段探讨了孤独是什么,指出什么样的人会感到孤独.第二、四

段指出人们普遍忽视了孤独的危害，第五、六段谈到了一些缓解孤独的办法。综合

来看，整篇文章都是围绕“人们应该认真对待孤独对公众健康的威胁”这一话题展开

的，故答案为C)。A)”导致孤独的原因还有待进一步研究”和B)“孤独的定义需要进

一步讨论”，文中的确有提到如何定义孤独以及人们感到孤独的原因，但并不是文

章的主要内容，故排除；D)“吸烟和肥胖的危害非常值得公众关注”，文中提到吸烟

和肥胖的危害是为了与孤独的危害进行对比，并不是文章主题，故排除。

五、翻译-汉译英(本题共1题，每题1.0分，共/分。)

32、敦煌是以莫高窟(theMoaa。caves)而著名的旅游胜地。敦煌在中国汉唐时期是

丝绸之路的重镇。随着吆绸之路沿线贸易的蓬勃发展，敦煌迅速发展为中国历史上

国际贸易最开放的地区。莫高窟是中国最著名的佛教石窟，与龙门石窟、云冈石窟

一起，是中国三大著名的古代佛教雕塑遗址。从丝绸之路的起点西安到以莫高窟而

著名的敦煌，可谓是一段感受中国古老历史的旅程。

标准答案：DunhuangisatouristresortrenownedfortheMogaoCaves,anditwasan

importantcityontheSilkRoadduringtheHanandTangDynasties.Withthevigorous

developmentofcommercealongtheSilkRoad,Dunhuanghasrapidlydevelopedintothe

mostopenareaofinternationaltradeinChinesehistory.TheMogaoCavesarethemost

famousBuddhistgrottoesinChina,andalongwithLongmenGrottoesandYungang

Grottoes,theyarethethreefamousancientBuddhistsculpturalsitesofChina.From

Xi'an,thebeginningoftheSilkRoadtoDunhuang,famousfbrtheMogaoCaves,this

canbedescribedasatriptoexperiencetheancienthistoryofChina.

知识点解析：1.翻译第一句时，“以...而著名”可痒为renownedfor或famousfor

作后置定语；"旅游胜地”可译为atouristresort或atouristattractiono2.翻译第二

句时，“汉唐时期”要注意专有名词首字母大写；“重镇”意为“重要的城市”，即an

importantcityo本句比较简洁，可同译文一样与第一句合译。3.翻译第三句时，

“随着……”既可译为由with引出的伴随状语，也可以意译为由dueto或becauseof

等引出的原因状语，表示“由于……“蓬勃发展”可译为thevigorous

developmento4.第四句比较长，可译为两个并列句。在翻译第二个分句时，

“与……一起”可译为alongwilh结构。此外，需要注意佛教及三大石窟的翻译及拼

写时首字母要大写。5.翻译最后一句时，“从……到……”可译为“from…◎.二

"起点”可译为动词start或名词beginningsstarlingpoint等。

六、短篇新闻(本题共7题，每题1.0分，共7分。)

33、

ToholdsomecelebrationsonWorldFoodDay.

B、Totakeactionandcopewithworldhunger.

C、Tolaunchfund-raisingeventsforpoorcountries.

D、Toadvertiseaworldwithouthungeronline.

标准答案：B」

知识点解析：题目询问WFP“世界粮食计划署”和FAO“粮农组织”的宗旨是什么。

新闻开篇便说“这些组织以对抗世界饥饿为宗旨”(fightworldhunger),B“采取行动

以应对饥饿”意思与此一致，故B为正确选项。

34、

A^Appealedtotheglobalcommunitytofighthunger.

B、Workedwiththepresstolaunchasocialprotectionprogram.

C、EncouragedpeopletopostZeroHungeronsocialmedia.

D^HeldcelebratingeventsinmajorcitiesoftheU.S.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：题目询问WFP对世界粮食日的庆祝活动。新闻末尾提到WFP的两

项举措，一是邀请每个人在社交网上发ZeroHunger的信息，二是在美国的三个城

市筹款，选项中，C