中考英语复习知识清单：名词与冠词（学生）

中考英语复习知识清单一一专题06名词与冠词知识梳理

［内容导航J

・模块一名词的分类

・模块二名词的单复数

・模块三修饰可数名词的词和词组

・模块四中考常见不可数名词

・模块五修饰不可数名词的词和词组

・模块六名词的所有格

・模块七名词的性

・模块八冠词的分类

・模块九不定冠词的用法

・模块十定冠词的用法

・模块十一零冠词的用法

・模块十二2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练

I,♦

［知识旅理J

\3词的分类。

A.专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有的名词

如：AlfredNobel,Africa,February

名词a可数名词可以用数字计数的名词，如boy,chair

B.普通名词1）物质名词：如fire,wood,air,water

b不可数名词

2）抽象名词：如information,advice,courage

名词的单复数O

i.单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式:

构成方法例词

一般在词尾加-shorse-horsesmile-miles

以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词加-esbox-boxesglass-glassesbrush一

brushes

以O结尾的词加-s或-es有生命加-eshero-heroes

potato-potatoes

Negro-Negroes

无生命加-Sphoto-photos

piano-pianos

zoo-zoos

特例motto——mottos/mottoes,*kangaroo-kangaroos,

volcano-volcanoes

以-y结尾的词以辅音字母加-y结battery-batteriescountry一

尾的词，变y为i,countries

加-es

以元音字母加-y结monkey——monkeysday-days

尾的词直接加-S

以-f或-fe结尾的词f,fe变为v再加-eswolf-wolveswife-wives

个别词直接加-sroof-roofsbeliefbeliefs

scarf-scarves/scarfs

2.特殊变化有下列情况:

manmenmediummedia

RomanRomanschildchildren

womanwomenmousemice

businesswomanbusinesswomenoxoxen

goosegeesefootfeet

GermanGermanstoothteeth

>TherearemanymendoctorsinthedepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology.（妇产科）

VAttentionV

man/woman男人、女人双变原则

amannursesomemennursesawomandoctorwomendoctors

boyfriendsmaidservantswomenservantsladydrivers

3.单复数同形的情况:

sheep-sheepChinese-Chinesemeans-meansspecies-speciescraft及由-craft

（spacecraft,aircraft）

deer-deerJapanese-JapaneseSwiss-Swissseries-series

构成的名词

Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtolaw（诉诸法律）.

Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.

4.单复数特别用法：

a.word的特别用法：

不可数名词新闻、消息、承诺

word

可数名词词、话语

★小试身手★

1）（有消息传来）sheisleaving.

2）Please（通知我）ofyoursafearrival.

3）Theyaskedhimtoleave,（换句话来说）,hewasfired.

4）Helikesto（宣传）abouttheimportanceofhealthyeating.

★习惯用语★

keep/breakone'sword履行诺言/食言inotherwords换句话说

leaveword留言eatone'swords承认错误(收回某

人的话)

、r+i-J.

amanofhisword信守诺言的人thelastwordsMB

wordfor/byword逐字逐句地wasteone'swords白费口舌

inaword总之haveafewwords/awordwithsb与某人谈谈

5.单复数用法的其他特殊情况：

>比较：CDs(CD's)SomeVIPs(someVIP's)Inthe1990s(199(Fs)

6.一“S”之差，谬以千里

paper纸papers考卷

good好的goods货物

letter信件letters文学(作品)

look看looks外表

glass杯子glasses眼镜

green绿色greens绿叶蔬菜

custom风俗customs海关

time时间times时代

sand沙sands沙滩

iron铁irons脚镣

drink喝drinks饮品

force武力forces军队

spirit精神spirits精力/态度

work工作works工厂/作品

7.固定词组用复数

inhighspiritsasfollowstaketurnshurtone'sfeelingsinrags

兴致高昂如下轮流伤害感情衣衫褴褛

修饰可数名词的词和词组

请翻译下列词组:

一群人agroup/crowdofpeople一两天acoupleofdays

一些亲戚(a)fewrelatives几台电脑somecomputers

大量的乘客alargenumberof很多记者alotof/lotsofreporters

passengers

很多地方manyplaces顶尖学生中的一个oneofthetopstudents

数以百年hundredsofyears数以千年thousandsofyears

数以万年tensofthousandsofyears两千年twothousandyears

一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀apairofglasses/shoes/trousers/scissors

\里考常见不可数名词_。

忠告advice天气weather麻烦trouble

黄油butter空气air乐趣fun

玻璃Glass损坏damage草grass

作业Homework家务活housework钱money

信息information冰ice纸paper

知识knowledge新闻news交通traffic

★真题试炼★

1.选择

1)Inancientpeoplehadtodoheavylabourbecauseatthattherewerenomodernmachines.

A.time,timeB.times,timesC.times,timeD.time,times

2)Thestudentsdon'tfindmuchaboutthetopiconthatwebsite.

A.reportB.informationC.articleD.story

3)Wouldyoulikeapudding?GoandbringmealittleandIwillmakeoneforyou.

A.bowlB.applesC.chalkD.shampoo

2.填空

1)Alectureonbiologywasmadebyaprofessoryesterdaymorning.(Japan)

2)WetookmanywhenwetravelledinXinjianglastsummer,(photo)

3)Thisisthefirstyeartolearnthenewsubject—.(chemical)

4)Theoftheshopisonholidaywithhisfamily,(own)

5)After30years,histwinbrother'ssuddenbroughthimagreatsurprise,(arrive)

\孽饰不可数名词的词和呼且O

铁的原则：不可数名词与(可数)量词连用=可数(对量词的数变化)

请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组：

一件衣服/家具anarticle/pieceofclothing/furniture

两块巧克力/肥皂twobarsofchocolate/soap

一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒abottleofink/milk/wine

一点食物(a)littlefood

一些工作/建议somework/advice

很多新闻alotof/lotsofnews

大量信息hugeamountsofinformation

VAttentionV

“万能搭"apieceof：

advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/fumiture/information/kindness/land/news/paper/wood/work

可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表

只能修饰可数名词只能修饰不可数名词可数/不可数名词均可修饰

alarge/huge/greatnumberofagreatdealofplentyof7

thenumberofalargeamountofalotof

dozensoftheamountoflotsof/

scoresofhugeamountsofalargequantityof

hundredsofalargesumof(一大笔)quantitiesof(谓语动词用复数)

(a)few(a)littlethequantityof

severalabit

many(a)much

★真题试炼★

1)peoplecomefromallpartsofthecountrytoseetheexhibition.

A.Alotsof；haveB.Alargenumberof；have

C.Much；hasD.Hugeamountsof；has

2)studentsofourschoolmorethanonethousand.

A.Anumberof,areB.Anumberof,is

C.Thenumberof,areD.Thenumberof,is

★区分总结★

度量衡单位的原则(单复数变化)：

中国度量衡one/fiveyuantwo/fourJiaothreeJintenmu

外国度量衡3dollars15pounds20miles12kilometers

\名词的所有尤。

总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：，S所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。

1.-1S所有格：

一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-S,则只要在-S后加C)

>David'scarmybrother^notebookmysisters5toy

Children'sDayWomen'sDaythePeople'sSquare

2.of所有格：这种所有格常用于无生命的东西。

a.theAofC名词拥有较长的定语。

>Thesoundofthechildrenplaying,thenameofthegirlstandingoutside,thecontributionofscienceand

technology

b.表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of或「s表所有格。

AThepopulationofthecity或thecity'spopulation,theplanofthefamily或thefamily'splan等。

c.在某人的家或工作地

AatMr.Green'stomyuncle'satthetailor'satthedoctor's

▼Attention^

共有还是私藏

>JaneandMary'sfatherJane'sandTom'sfathers

3.双重所有格：abookofmyfriend'ssomefriendsofhisfather's

a.双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。

>apageofthebook's（x）

应改为apageofthebook.

b.双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词（a/an）或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指the。

thefriendofthedoctor's（错）

afriendofthedoctor's（对）

thatfriendofmybrother's（N）

VAttentionV

>apictureofmysister's（画是我姐姐的）

apictureofmysister（画中人是我姐姐）

在用」s和of皆可表示名词所有格时，强调有别。

AChina'sdevelopment（强调development）

ThedevelopmentofChina（强调China）

★真题试炼★

1）aretravellingabroad.

A.TheGreensB.TheGreen5sC.GreensD.Green?s

2）Tomandpeterliveinthesameflat.Itis.

A.SusanandBettyB.Susan'sandBetty

C.SusanandBetty'sD.Susan'sandBetty's

、g词的性。

actoractresswaiterwaitress

headmasterheadmistresshosthostess

princeprincessemperorempress

godgoddessstewardstewardess

tigertigresslionlioness

★真题试炼★

Theareplantingsomeintheschoolgardennow.

A.womanteachers...appletreesB.womenteachers...appletrees

C.womanteacher...applestreeD.womenteachers...applestrees

\2词的分姿。

不定冠词（泛指）a用于辅音音素或半元音音素前

冠词an用于元音音素前

定冠词（特指）the

\T定冠词的用法。

不定冠词a/an常表示泛指

1.泛指人或物

AHewillbeateacherinfiveyears.

2.表示数量“一个”

AThereisabookandtwopencilsonthedesk.

3.某些习惯用语中

Atakealookhavearesthaveaswimgoonadiet

haveagoodtimemakeadecisionmakealiving

dosb.afavorgivesb.ahandinaminute

4.有些特殊情况中，专有名词前必须加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某

个不确定的时间。

>IknowaLeonardo,butnotthefamousone.我认识一个叫莱昂纳多的人，但不是有名气的那个。

\定冠词的用汽。

1.用于上文已经提到过的事物前

AGivemethebook.

2.用于世界上独一无二的事物前

Atheair,theearth,themoon,thesun,theworld,thesky,thesouth

VAttentionV

space（太空）前不用

3.用于形容词的比较级、最高级和序数词前

AHeisthetallerofthetwochildreninhisfamily.

>thelargestroom,thesecondstory

4.用于西洋乐器前（中国乐器前不用加定冠词）

>playthepiano/guitar

Aplayzither/erhu

VAttentionV

a.序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词a（n）,表示“又一、再一”的泛指意义。

>Inspiteofthefirsttwofailures,hetriedathirdtime.

尽管前两次失败，他又试了第三次。

b.下列表达在序数词前习惯不用定冠词：

ATheyfellinloveatfirstsight.

他们一见钟情。

5.江河、海洋、山川、国家（全称）、组织、团体

请翻译下列的词组:

长江(The)YangtzeRiver太平洋thePacificOcean

美国theUnitedStatesof中国共产党theCommunistPartyofChina

America

北京宾馆BeijingHotel自由女神像theStatueofLiberty

6.表时间和空间

a.空间：theeast,thewest,thesouth,thenorth,thefront,theback,theleft,therighto

ATheteacherseatedhispupilsinthebackoftheclassroom.

老师让学生们坐在教室后面。

b.时间：atthebeginningof在...初，inthemiddleof在...中，attheendof在...末尾，thepast过去，the

present现在

7.用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数

穷人thepoor富人therich

老人theold年轻人theyoung

病人thesick死人thedead

盲人theblind伤者thewounded

好人thegood美人thebeautiful

不认识的人theunknown失业者theunemployed

残疾人thedisabled长者theelderly

8.动词+宾语+介词+the+身体部位

AHetookthethiefbythehand.

ATheballhittheboyonthenose.

AThewomanhitthemanintheface.

9.the+姓氏的复数表示这一家人

ATheTurnersaresittingatthebreakfasttable.

模块十二零冠词的用法

1.称呼、头衔作表语、同位语、补语

>Heisheadoftheorganization.（头衔，表语）

2.学科、球类、棋类

ADoyoustudymaths?

AHelikesplayingfootball/chess.

3.By+n

a.表示交通工具，方式方法

Abyair,bybus,bybike,bytrain,

takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bus,rideabike

b.依据……行事

Abyweight

4.语言名称:

Chinese,English,French

词组比较：（定冠词与零冠词用法）

inhospital住院inthehospital在医院

infrontof在前方inthefrontof在前部

outofquestion无疑的outofthequestion不可能的

attable进餐atthetable坐在桌子旁

、))22、2023年各省市中考真题综合训笃。

1.（2022•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考中考真题）TheisChina5snationaltreasure.It9sakindofcuteanimal

thatlikeseatingbamboo.

A.pandaB.tigerC.elephant

2.（2022•湖南湘西•统考中考真题）I'mnothungryatallbecauseIjustatemuch.

A.applesB.bananasC.bread

3.（2022•湖南益阳•统考中考真题）Look!Therearesomeeatinggrassonthehill.

A.sheepB.cowC.horse

4.（2022•广西桂林•统考中考真题）Billhasgottwo.

A.sisterB.brothersC.student

5.（2022•重庆•统考中考真题）Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingonDay,June1st.

A.ChildB.Child'sC.ChildrenD.Children's

6.（2022・湖南邵阳•统考中考真题）一Wouldyoulikesome?

——Yes,madam.

A.eggB.juiceC.milkteas

7.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考三模）一LucygotfivefromtherelativesonChildren'sDay.

一Howhappysheis.

A.toysB.toiesC.toy

8.（2023•黑龙江绥化•校考模拟预测）Weshouldprotectanimalsbecausetheyarefriendsof.

A.weB.ourC.ours

9.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•一模）,whichbecomesafestivalofrespectingtheoldpeople,lovingand

helpingtheoldinChina.

A.LanternFestivalB.DoubleNinthFestivalC.DragonBoatFestival

10.（2022•江苏淮安•统考中考真题）AuturmnisbestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.

A./B.aC.anD.the

11.（2022-四川•统考中考真题）Ihaveeggandacupofmilkforbreakfasteveryday.

A.不填B.theC.aD.an

12.（2022-西藏•统考中考真题）Myheadteacheralwaysteachesmetobehoneststudent.

A.theB./C.anD.a

13.（2022•青海•统考中考真题）GuAilingisexcellentsportsstar.Sheachievedherdreaminthe

2022WinterOlympicGames.

A.aB.anC./

14.（2022•内蒙古•中考真题）Ithinkplayingfootballisgoodwaytolearnthespiritof

teamwork.

A.a;theB./;aC.the;aD./;the

15.（2022•甘肃甘南•统考中考真题）Weknowthatthereis"U"intheword"usually”.

A.aB.anC.the

16.（2023•湖南郴州•统考中考真题）一rdliketohelpkidswiththeirschoolwork.

一Youcouldvolunteerinafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachthem.

A.theB.anC.a

17.（2023•湖南岳阳•统考中考真题）Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautifulinChinathisyear.

A.cityB.citiesC.citys

18.（2023•湖南岳阳•统考中考真题）Hangzhouwillhold19thAsianGamesin2023.

A.aB.anC.the

19.（2023•黑龙江•统考中考真题）一Thesunisshining,andyou'dbettertakeumbrellawhenyougo

out.

一OK.Ifsusefulsuggestion.

A.an;theB.a;anC.an;a

20.（2023•吉林长春•统考中考真题）Jamesishard-workingengineer.Hisspiritencouragesus.

A.aB.anC.theD./

21.（2023•天津•统考中考真题）MymotherismakingapplepieandIwanttotrypiece.

A.a;anB.a;不填C.an;aD.an;不填

22.（2023•湖北十堰•统考中考真题）一DoyouknowJourneytotheWest?

-Yes.It'sinterestingbook.Ilikeitverymuch.

A.aB.anC.theD./

23.（2023•山东青岛•统考中考真题）IwatchedTheWanderingEarthIIlastnight.Itiswonderful

film.

A.aB.anC.theD./

24.（2023•山东荷泽•统考中考真题）一Isthisyourpen?

-No,itisn't.redoneismine.

A.AB.AnC.The

25.（2023•江苏镇江•统考中考真题）ItissaidthatPandaYaYawillliverestofherlifeinher

hometown,China.

A.aB.anC.theD.不填

26.（2023•湖南郴外I•统考中考真题）MyparentstookmetotheamusementparkonDay.Therewere

somanyexcitingthingstodothere.

A.Children'sB.ChildrenC.Child's

27.（2023•湖南益阳•统考中考真题）一Shallweplaysoccerthisafternoon?

——Soundsgood,butIdon'thavesoccer.

A.the;aB.a;theC./;a

28.（2023•湖南邵阳•统考中考真题）—Hi,WangLi,whoisMissDeng?

一MissDengis________niceteacherandsheisverypopularinourschool.

A.aB.anC./

29.（2022•甘肃定西•统考中考真题）TherangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNew

York.

A.telephoneB.doorbellC.clockD.bike

30.（2022•黑龙江绥化•统考中考真题）fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundthe

world.

A.TonyandPeter?sB.Tony'sandPeterC.Tony'sandPeter's

31.（2022•江苏徐外、|•统考中考真题）FrommyonthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectview

ofourcity.

A.traditionB.conditionC.positionD.situation

32.（2022•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考中考真题）一Therewillbetomorrow.Wecan'teatout.

-Well,wehavetostayathome.

A.rainyB.rainC.raining

33.（2023•湖南邵阳•统考中考真题）一Whatanimalsdidyouseeonthefarm,Tom?

-Isawsome.

A.rabbitB.ducksC.sheeps

34.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•统考模拟预测）一Howtimeflies!Ifstwosincewemetlast.

——Soitis.Imissyousomuch.

A.monthesB.monthsC.months5

35.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•校考二模）一Therewillbetomorrow.Wecanmakeasnowman.

一Soundsgreat.

A.snowB.snowyC.snowing

36.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨•校考二模）WeChineseusuallyputthingsontheplatewhilepeopleinare

supposedtoputbreadonthetable.

A.JapanB.GermanyC.France

37.（2023•黑龙江绥化•模拟预测）“Thetrusthasbeenmygreatestsourceofstrength（力量源泉）

togoforwardandalsothegreatestresponsibilityonmyshoulders,9,ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsaid.

A.peopleB.people'sC.peoples

38.（2023•黑龙江哈尔滨・哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测）Iwilltrymybestforexciting

progressinlessthanonemonth.

A.anB.a