阅读理解之议论文（解析版）-2025年天津高考英语二轮复习热点题型专练

专题20阅读理解之议论文

01。题型综述_______________________________________

高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语

言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、

经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。

D篇议论文，除了文章内容的问题外，还涉及考察段落或句子在文中作用。此篇综合考

直了学生的篇章结构理解、主旨提炼、信息把握及推理判断能力。难度：偏高

02解题攻略

议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充

分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。

作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调

的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因一结果（Cause&Effect）型。还有一种比较常见的

是问题一答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题（相当于一个现象），然后给出该问题的答案（相

当于解释）。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。答题时优先考虑正面答题（直接从文章内容

得出答案），然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解

决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。

考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中

心的就是答案。

题型01观点态度题

【题型诠释】

按照考试大纲，观点态度题主要考查“理解作者意图、观点或态度”的能力，而作者态度或观点有3种：

赞成、反对或中立。

正面态度

positive积极的，正面的approval/supportive/favorable赞成的，支持的consent同意，赞成praising赞

扬的enthusiastic热心的optimistic乐观的appreciative欣赏的affirmative赞成的，肯定的

负面态度

negative消极的，否定的disapproval/unfavorable不赞成critical批判的pessimistic悲观的ironic/

sneering/scornful轻蔑的opposed/hostile反对的，敌对的indignant愤怒的suspicious/skeptical/doubtful怀

concerned/apprehensive/anxious担忧的reserved有保留的,不完全同意的gloomy/depressive沮丧的，

悲剧的questioned/questionable问题的，疑问的puzzled/puzzling困惑的impersonal无人情味的

客观态度

objective客观的amatteroffact实事求是的

其他

indifferent/impassive漠不关心的prejudice/biased偏见的unprejudiced/impartial不偏见的

compromising折中的neutral中立的ambiguous模凌两可的partial偏爱的，偏袒的

【典例】

（23-24高三上•天津•阶段练习）Reportshaveemergedrecentlyofcowsbeingfedsupplements（补充剂）

obtainedfrompalmoil（棕桐油）toincreasethebutterfatcontentofmilk.Thepracticepartlyrespondstothe

increasingdemandforbutterduringthepandemicwhenthenumberofmilkcowshasnotincreasedaccordingly.

Thus,palmiticacidsupplements,obtainedfromimportedpalmoilaregiventocows.

AccordingtoDairy（孚L品业的）FarmersofCanada（DFC）,itisusedinothercountriesaswellto“provide

energytocowswithoutundesirableeffects^^.ExpertsofDFCguaranteethatthemilkproductsaresafeandthatthe

amountsofsupplementsusedareverysmall.ButbasedonCanadians5concernoverthelinkbetweenbutterand

palmoil,itappearsmorecomplicated.LotsofCanadianshavebeendeliberatelytryingtoavoidpalmoilindiets,

onlytorealizethatpalmoilisbeingusedinthedairyindustry.

Peopleareconcernedaboutthenutritionquestion,fortoomuchpalmiticacidisassociatedwithheartdisease.

Besides,palmfatschangethetasteofmilk,whichisaheadacheformanyfoodproducers.Butthosearenotwhat

disturbme.Infact,palmoilhasabadreputationfordrivingdeforestation,particularlyinSoutheastAsia,which

produces85%oftheworld'spalmoilsupply.Therapidexpansionofpalmoilhasdestroyedhabitatsformanywild

animals.Firesaresettoreplacejungleswithpalmtrees,pollutingtheair,andsomeareimpossibletoputout.

Despitetheharmfuleffectspalmoilmaybringabout,palmoilisfoundinroughly50%oftheproductssoldin

supermarkets.Itischeaptoproduceandstayssolidatroomtemperature,makingitperfectforbakedandpackaged

foods.Ithasahighcookingtemperatureandsmokepoint,providingasmoothmouthfeel.Ifsalsoaddedto

make-up,cleaningproducts,chocolate,fuels,andmore.

Someorganizationsaremakingeffortstocleanupthepalmoilindustrythroughvariouspractices.Bigbrands

areformallywarnedwhentheirpalmoilsuppliersengageinillegalexpansion,whichinturnhasdriventhemto

takeaction,eveniftheiractionseemsinadequatecurrently.There9shopeonthehorizon,butthepalmoilindustryis

stilloneIwon'tgivesupportto.

30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardssomeorganizationsandbigbrands5action?

A.Indifferent.B.Critical.C.Favorable.D.Objective.

【答案】30.C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过为了增加牛奶中的乳脂含量而给奶牛喂食从棕桐油中提取的补充剂

引出话题，讲述了人们的担忧，以及作者的看法。

30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Someorganizationsaremakingeffortstocleanupthepalmoilindustry

throughvariouspractices.Bigbrandsareformallywarnedwhentheirpalmoilsuppliersengageinillegalexpansion,

whichinturnhasdriventhemtotakeaction,eveniftheiractionseemsinadequatecurrently.（一些组织正在通过

各种做法努力整顿棕稠油行业。当大品牌的棕稠油供应商进行非法扩张时，他们会受到正式警告，这反过

来又迫使它们采取行动，即使他们目前的行动似乎不够充分。）”和"There'shopeonthehorizon（希望就在眼前）”

可知，一些组织正在努力整顿棕稠油行业，而且一些大品牌棕稠油供应商会采取行动，作者认为希望就在

眼前，由此可推测出，作者对他们的行动表示支持。故选C。

题型02中心主旨题

【题型诠释】

中心主旨题一般是在问文章的中心思想是什么、文章在讨论什么或取什么样的标题最好，题干中经常

出现的标志词有：mainidea>mainlytalkabout/discuss>thebesttitle/subject等。

【典例】

（23-24高三上•天津和平•期末）Teenagersareself-contradictory.Thafsamildandobjectivewayofsaying

somethingthatparentsoftenexpresswithconsiderablystrongerlanguage.Butthe-self-contradictionscientificand

personal.Inadolescence,helplessanddependentchildrenwhohavereliedongrown-upsforjustabouteverything

becomeindependentpeoplewhocantakecareofthemselvesandhelpeachother.Atthesametime,once

cheerful-andobedientchildrenbecomerebelliousteenagerisk-takers.

AnewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment,byEvelineCroneoftheUniversityofLeidenand

colleagues,suggeststhatthepositiveandnegativesidesofteenagersgohandinhand.Thestudyispartofanew

waveofthinkingaboutadolescence.Foralongtime,scientistsandpolicymakersconcentratedontheideathat

teenagerswereaproblemthatneededtobesolved.Thenewworkemphasizesthatadolescenceisatimeof

opportunityaswellasrisk.

Theresearchersstudied“prosocial”（亲社会）andrebellioustraitsinmorethan200childrenandyoungadults,

rangingfrom11to28yearsold.Theparticipantsfilledoutquestionnairesabouthowoftentheydidthingsthatwere

selflessandpositive,likesacrificingtheirownintereststohelpafriend,orrebelliousandnegative,likegetting

drunkorstayingoutlate.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatrebelliousbehaviorincreasesasyoubecomeateenagerandthenfadesawayas

yougrowolder.Butthenewstudyshowsthat,interestingly,thesameistrueforprosocialbehavior.Teenagerswere

morelikelythanyoungerchildrenoradultstoreportthattheydidthingslikeunselfishlyhelpafriend.

Mostsignificantly,therewasapositivecorrelationbetweenprosocialityandrebelliousness.Theteenagers

whoweremorerebelliouswerealsomorelikelytohelpothers.Thegoodandbadsidesofadolescenceseemto

developtogether.Istheresomecommonfactorthatunderliestheseapparentlycontradictorydevelopments?One

ideaisthatteenagebehaviorisrelatedtowhatresearcherscall“rewardsensitivity.^^Decision-makingalways

involvesbalancingrewardsandrisks,benefitsandcosts."Rewardsensitivity^^measureshowmuchrewardittakes

tooutweighrisk.

Teenagersareparticularlysensitivetosocialrewards-winningthegame,impressinganewfriend,getting

thatboytonoticeyou.Rewardsensitivity,likeprosocialbehaviorandrisk-taking,seemstogoupinadolescence

andthendownagainasweage.Somehow,whenyouhit30,thechancethatsomethingexcitingandnewwill

happenatthatpartyjustdoesn'tseemtooutweightheeffortofgettingupoffthecouch.

20.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whyteenagersarerisk-sensitive.

B.Howteenagersdevelopprosociality.

C.Whyteenagersareself-contradictory.

D.Howteenagersbecomeindependent.

【答案】20.C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用克罗恩的一项新的研究发现，论述了为什么青少年是自相矛盾的。

20.主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段“Teenagersareself-contradictory.That'samildandobjectiveway

ofsayingsomethingthatparentsoftenexpresswithconsiderablystrongerlanguage.Butthe-self-contradiction

scientificandpersonal.Inadolescence,helplessanddependentchildrenwhohavereliedongrown-upsforjust

abouteverythingbecomeindependentpeoplewhocantakecareofthemselvesandhelpeachother.Atthesame

time,oncecheerful-andobedientchildrenbecomerebelliousteenagerisk-takers.（青少年是自相矛盾的。这是一

种温和而客观的方式来表达父母经常用相当强硬的语言表达的东西。但是科学和个人的自相矛盾。在青春

期，无助和依赖成年人的孩子几乎在所有事情上都依赖成年人，成为能够照顾自己和互相帮助的独立的人。

与此同时，曾经快乐听话的孩子变成了叛逆的青少年冒险者。）”可知，文章在第一段中提到了青少年是自

相矛盾的，同时提到了青春期时期，青少年的性格会反转。之后在第二段中提到了克罗恩的一项研究，该

研究提供了对青春期的新见解。第三段引入了对青少年亲社会行为的研究，第四段讲述了亲社会行为和其

他的叛逆行为一样，会在青少年时达到顶峰，之后会逐渐消失。最后两段论述了人们对于青春期的好与坏

这些明显矛盾的发展背后存在一些共同因素的探索。可推知，本文主要论述了为什么青少年是自相矛盾，

故选C。

03高考练场

【高考真题】

（2022•天津•高考真题）RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,

tobeloving,tomakesomedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytryto

followtheminourlives.

Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrow

perceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butissuretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.A

goodlifebasedoncomfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbe-causewespoilourhealthandevenour

character,principles,ideals,andrelationships.

Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,nota

destination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheir

happinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Only

whenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations,andthenwork

accordinglytocreateabetterworld.

Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,

wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe'llsoonbumout.However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonly

enjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.

However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,

ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoutcome,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothers

alsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.

Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel（方向盘）.Iftheenginelackspower,thecarcan'tmove;

ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtheright

knowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.

Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseethe

impactofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.

1.Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?

A.Makingussimple-mindedB.Makingusshort-sighted.

C.Leadingusontoabusyroad.D.Keepingusfromcomfortandluxury.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappiness?

A.Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.

B.Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.

C.Byrecognizingone'sabilitiesandlimitations.

D.Throughofferinghelpmuchneededbyothers.

3.AccordingtoParagraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone.

A.lessselfishB.lessannoying

C.moremotivatedD.moreresponsible

4.Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?

A.Whenwehavewrongknowledgeoftheworld.

B.Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.

C.Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.

D.Whenwestayblindtothereality.

5.AccordingtoParagraph5,lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen.

A.inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge

B.directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledge

C.purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknowledge

D.promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge

【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生

而有益。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshort-termbenefits,butis

suretoleadtolong-termharmandsuffering.（这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导

致长期的伤害和痛苦。）”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们

目光短浅、短视。故选B项。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationin

returnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.（我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为

他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。）”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。

3.推理判断题。木艮据文章第四段"However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,

butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.（然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，

而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。）”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，

做事越有动力。故选C项。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.（虚假的知识比无知更危

险。）''可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结

局。故选A项。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后——段“Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggood

toothers.（带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。）”可知，有爱和知识，

生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。

（2021•天津•高考真题）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.

Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.

Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,

branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutless

andless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasing

levelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.

Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalso

weakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackand

realizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveled

toexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanhold

backyourtruespirit.

Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallits

connections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（视角）into

specificfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocan

givesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.

Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyour

interestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.Myeditor

Toni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.Fascinatedby

thestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinese

philosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."

Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseethe

interconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,

generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.

6.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto.

A.narrowhisrangeofknowledge

B.avoidresponsibilitiesatwork

C.knowmoreaboutthesociety

D.broadenhisperspectiveonlife

7.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto.

A.treasuretheirfreedom

B.travelaroundtheworld

C.spendmosttimeworking

D.enjoymeetingfunnypeople

8.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho.

A.isfullyawareofhistalentandability

B.isapurespecialistinmedicine

C.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophy

D.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork

9.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?

A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.

B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.

C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.

D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.

10.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist

B.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecide

C.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialist

D.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist

【答案】6.A7.C8.D9.D10.A

【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。

6.推理判断题。文章第二段中提到"Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyor

research.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成为专

家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越

多。）"根据"know…aboutlessandless”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他

的知识范围。故选A。

7.细节理解题。第三段中提到"Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrow

specialty....Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight（有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领

域夜以继日地工作。……这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。厂由此可知，这些专家往往花大部

分的时间在工作上。故选C。

8.细节理解题。根据文章第四段中"Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewho

cangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优

秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）''可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领

域的知识带到工作中。故选D。

9.推理判断题。文章第五段中提至［"Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinall

relatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,you

discoverthattheyare.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一

些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子

“MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.

FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreabout

Chinesephilosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一

名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通

过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。

10.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouarea

specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“Thedrawbacktobeing

specialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.’'说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常

对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists,…，knowalotaboutawiderangeof

subjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整

体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“BeMoreaGeneralistThan

aSpecialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）故选A。

（2020•天津•高考真题）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe

differencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihave

neverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.The

twobelongtogether.

Together,thesedeephumanurges（马区策力）countformuchmorethatambition.Galileowasnotmerely

ambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltothe

ground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,4tWhy?Why?Why?”

Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebomwiththemandneedonlyrecapture

them.

“Thegreatman,^^saidMencius（孟子），“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild'sheart.^^Yetmostofusdoloseit.

Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestful

average.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.

Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethink

howterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenour

curiosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.

Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrange

flowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writing

booksonflowerarrangement.

Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon't;thereare

onlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?Thafsgood,becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthings

done.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTomsCabinwhilecooking.You'retooold?Rememberthat

ThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhen

shewas78.

Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou'llneverbemorealivethan

youareatthismoment.

11.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.

A.proposeadefinition

B.makeacomparison

C.reachaconclusion

D.presentanargument

12.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?

A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.

C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

13.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?

A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.

B.Developaquestioningmind.

C.Leadalifeofadventure.

D.Followthefashion.

14.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?

A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.

B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.

C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.

D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.

15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleorthepassage?

A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented

B.ReflectionsonHumanNature

C.TheKeystoAchievement

D.NeverTooLatetoLearn

【答案】ILD12.D13.B14.C15.C

【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。

11.推理判断题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmake

thedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihave

neverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.The

twobelongtogether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和

不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。

12.推理判断题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？

为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。

13.细节理解题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的"Thegreatman,^^saidMencius（孟子），“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild's

heart.^^Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.

可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的

心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是

随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。

14.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.及第七段

中的Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon't;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven,tanytime?

Thafsgood,becauseifsalwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及歹（J举了ThomasCostain在57岁

时出版了他的第一部小说，GrandmaMoses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我

们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由"。故选Co

15.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmake

thedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihave

neverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.The

twobelongtogether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素好奇心和不满足。由此

可知，C项TheKeystoAchievement（成就的关键）适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。

（2020•天津•高考真题）Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou're

studyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion“whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisan

essentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinking

aboutthesignificanceofhistory.

Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistory

ofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegot

towherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthat

studyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.

Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflecton

thesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeople

regardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemore

experiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.

Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）into

whyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesa

ratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无

知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundaries

byofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.

Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what*sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It's

almostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.

Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumight