阅读理解细节理解题（解析版）-2025年天津高考英语二轮复习热点题型专练

热点题型•阅读理解攻略

专题13阅读理解细节理解题

01题型综述____________________________________________

高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语

言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、

经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。

高考试题的设计是有特定的难易比例，在选拔作用的指导下拔尖的同时，也要照顾到不同层次的学生，

况且高考对中学的英语教学还有不可避免的反拨作用。如果难度大的题目过多，则不利于大部分考生的真

实水平发挥，所以每年都保留一定比例的表层次试题，而对表层次考查主要是以细节理解的形式体现出来

的。主要考查重点有：1）文中时间、地点、人物、事件；2）议论文中的例证；3）数字，如时间、年龄、

金额、数量等；4）原因或结果；5）定义；6）范畴等。多以事实判断、wh-问句、计算、排序、识图等命

题方式出现。

02解题攻略

题型01事实认定类

【题型诠释】

一般包括直接理解题和间接理解题。前者在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,which,when,where,

why和how等提问，或是判断正误；后者需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表

达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着

问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。

主要设题形式：

WhatcanwelearnaboutBathfromthepassage?

HowmanyAsiancountriesdoesthespeakerrefertowhenhetalksaboutthefilmbooks?

Whydidthetwomennevertalkaboutclimbingwhentheyfirstmet?

Thewriteracteduponthestorerulesbecause.

Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?

Allthefollowingaretrue/right/false/wrongexcept...?

Allthefollowingarementionedexcept...

Whichofthefollowingistrue//right/false/wrong（about...）?

O国困

1.运用略读和寻读相结合的方法，把选项与原句进行比较。要考虑是否符合文章意思，程度上是

否符合，是否太绝对。也可以用排除法。

2.注意同一句意的不同表达方式。有时为了增加题的难度，问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提

问，而是使用采用同义词变换、句型变换等手段来表达文章的有关细节。因此，在选择答案前应首先看

准题干，弄清问题所在。

3.关注文中以作为细节理解题出题的地方。通常有：时间、地点、事件；转折处和对比处；最高

级和绝对性词汇；因果句；破折号、括号、冒号表示解释等特殊标点处。

【典例】

[1]MarkandhisbrotherJasonbothwerelookingattheshiningnewcomputerenviously.Jasonwas

determinednottogoagainsttheirfather^wishesbutMarkwasmoreadventurousthanhisbrother.Heloved

experimentingandhisaimwastobecomeascientistlikehisfather.

[2]“Dadwillbereallymadifhefindsoutyou'vebeenplayingwithhisnewcomputer.^^Jasonsaid,"Hetold

usnottotouchit.”

[3]“Hewon'tfindout."Marksaid,t4Flljusthaveaquicklookandshutitdown.^^

[4]Markhadbeenscoldedbeforefortouchinghisfather^equipment.Buthiscuriositywasdifficulttocontrol

andthisnewcomputerreallypuzzledhim.

[5]“Itwasastrange-lookingmachine-onehisdadhadbroughthomefromthelaboratorywhereheworked.

“It'sanexperimentalmodel,9,hisfatherhadexplained,usodon'ttouchitunderanycircumstances.^^Buthis

warningonlyservedtomakeMarkmorecurious.Withoutanyfurtherthought,Markturnedonthepowerswitch.

Thecomputerburstintolifeandsecondslater,thescreenturnedintocolors,shiftingandchangingandthentwobig

whitewordsappearedinthecenterofthescreen:"SPACETRANSPORTER.

[6]"Yes!"Markcriedexcitedly,t4Ifsacomputergame.Iknewit!Dad'sonlybeenpretendingtowork.He's

reallybeenplayinggamesinstead."Anewmessageappearedonthescreen:

[7]"ENTERNAMES

[8]VOYAGERI:...

[9]VOYAGER2:...9,

[10]Mark'sfingersflewacrossthekeyboardashetypedinbothoftheirnames.

[11]"INPUTACCEPTED.STARTTRANSPORTPROGRAM.AUTO-RETRIEVEINITIATED（自动回收程

序已启动）

[12]Thescreenturnedevenbrighterandanoisesuddenlyroseinvolume.

[13]"Ithinkwe'dbettershutitoff,Mark,“Jasonyelled,reachingforthepowerswitch.Hewasreally

frightened.

[14]Buthishandneverreachedtheswitch.Asinglebeamofdazzlingwhitelightburstoutofthecomputer

screen,wrappingtheboysinitsglow（光芒），untiltheythemselvesseemedtobeglowing.Thenitdieddownjustas

suddenlyasithadburstintolife.Andtheboyswerenolongerthere.Onthescreen,theletterschanged.

[15]“TRANSPORTSUCCESSFUL.DESTINATION:MARS.RETRIEVEDATE:2025.”

1.WhydidMarktouchthecomputeragainsthisfatherswarning?

A.Hewantedtotakeavoyage.B.Hewantedtopracticehisskill

C.Hewassomuchattractedbyit.D.Hewaseagertodoanexperiment.

2.Markthought"SPACETRANSPORTER”onthescreenwasthenameof.

A.acomputergameB.acompanywebsite

C.asoftwareproducerD.anastronomyprogram

3.WhydidJasonwanttoshutoffthecomputer?

A.Hewasafraidofbeingscolded.

B.Hedidn'tliketheloudnoiseandlight.

C.Hedidn'twanttoplaygamesanymore.

D.Hewasafraidsomethingdangerousmighthappen.

4.Whathappenedtotheboysattheendofthestory?

A.Theywereblownintotheair.B.Theyweresenttoanotherplanet.

C.Theywerehiddeninthestronglight.D.Theywerecarriedawaytoanothercountry

【答案与解析】

l.Co细节事实认定题。本题是间接理解题，读题知道问的是“马克不顾父亲的警告碰电脑的原因”，根

据第四段“Markhadbeenscoldedbeforefortouchinghisfather5sequipment.Buthiscuriositywasdifficultto

controlandthisnewcomputerreallypuzzledhim.”知道马克的克制不住自己的好奇心，而且父亲的新电脑真的

让他迷惑不解，与C项“他被父亲的电脑深深的吸引了”吻合。

2.Ao细节事实认定题。本题是直接理解题，根据第六段的“He，sreallybeenplayinggamesinstead."可以

直接得出A正确，马克认定它是一款电脑游戏的名称。

3.Do细节事实认定题。本题是直接理解题，根据倒数第三段的“"Ithinkwe，dbettershutitoff,Mark,”

Jasonyelled,reachingforthepowerswitch.Hewasreallyfrightened.^^

4.Bo细节事实认定题。本题是直接理解题，根据最后一段“DESTINATION:MARS.RETRIEVEDATE:

2025.”可知，这两个孩子被送到火星上去了，DESTINATION（目的地）就是关键词。

题型02排列顺序类

【题型诠释】

这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。常见

的设题形式有：

Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwithcomputerizedshoppingcarts?

Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?

WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?

WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectordertodescribeFitzgerald'slifeaccordingtothepassage?

O国困

做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从

而快速选出正确答案。从文体上看主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。

【典例】

[1]Sincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computer

interface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.

[2]...[3]...[4]……

[5]Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头

皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.

Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommands

fromthebrain.

[6][7]...

1.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?

A.scalp—computer一cap-wheelchairB.computer一cap一scalp一wheelchair

C.scalp—cap—computer—wheelchairD.cap—computer—scalp—wheelchair

【答案与解析】

l.Co排列顺序题。根据第五段的描述“Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)and

sendsthemtoacomputer.”知道Thisheadcover指的就是aspecialcap,它接收来自于头皮的信号，然后再把

信号发送给计算机。由此可以看出信号传递的路径是先从头皮发出，排除B和D。接下来由帽子接收后传

递给计算机，最后通过计算机解读信号，并且把指令发给自动化轮椅。故选C。

题型03图文匹配类

【题型诠释】

在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解正文中，比如地图、气象图、表示所占百

分比的柱状图等；有的出现在选项中，供选择使用。这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着

和文章内容相关的信息。通常在被选项中给出四幅图，要求考生根据阅读材料中的叙述选出最佳答案，要

求考生要有观察能力和理解判断能力。

常见的设题形式有：

Which...(onthemap)liesin/on/tothesouth/north/west/eastof...?

Tomovetheballdownthefield,playersmustbelike.

Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobe...?

Whichofthefollowingpicturesindicates...?

Whichofthefourpicturesbelowistheclosesttothe...asdescribedinthetext?

WhichofthefollowingpicturesshowsthehousefortheIroquoisIndians?

O国困

采用“对号入座”的办法。即带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题，注意记忆关键的词语，如。人

物、时间、事件等，确定每道题目的发问中心，也就是说，某个问题是针对什么提问的。这样我们就可

以带着问题去阅读文章，做到有的放矢。把每个问题的发问中心反馈到原文中去。当读到有关解答发问

中心的信息时，可在有关信息下面画一直线以示突出。如果问题的顺序没有按顺序给出，可以在原文信

息下画线的同时，把问题的题号也标出来，便于最后检查，并节约时间。在原文中找出对发问中心的解

答信息后，可把原文信息放到问题中去，与每一选项进行对照，与原文信息相符的那项，即是正确的

答案。

【典例】

Whatbringsanationtogether?Ofthefourchoices-sharedvalues,language,history,andreligion,ifsshared

values.Inourlatestpoll（民意调查），sevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactor（因索）bringinga

nationtogether,andsixpreferredlanguage.Bothchoicesscoredhighinthepoll,suggestingthatourvaluesand

howweexpressthemarecloselylinked.Still,historywasnotforgotteninsomecountries,particularlyinMexico

andRussia.EvenCanadaandtheUnitedStateschosenationalhistoriesasthesecond-mostimportantfactoruniting

theirpeople.Thebiggestsurprise?Notonecountrypickedreligionasitstopchoice.

1.Accordingtothecharts,sharedvaluesandlanguagewereconsideredequallyimportantin.

A.AustraliaB.BrazilC.ChinaD.India

【答案与解析】

l.Do图文信息理解题。题干要求根据图表找出在哪个国家把共同价值观和共同语言看的同等重要，

从文中的柱状图表上看出在印度人认为共同价值观和共同语言同等重要，都是32%。故选D。

03高考练场

【高考真题】

（2023•天津•统考高考真题）OnefreezingmorninglastFebruary,IwalkedthroughOntarioPlace.Treeswere

frostedsculptures.Largechunksoficefloatedinthelake.ThenIsawagroupofpeopleinbathingsuitsbouncing

upanddowninthewater.Theyheldhands,shoutingandyellingintothesky.Theylookedandsoundedsofree.

I'vealwaysfoundcoldwaterthrilling.Theshockofitislikepressingaswitch.Itseemstoresetmybodyand

soul.

Andlastwinter,Idefinitelyneededareset.Iwokeupmostmorningswithadull,greyfeelingasIforced

myselfoutofbedtostarttheday.Ineededsomethingtocheermyselfup,butIdidn'tknowwhat,untilthatday.

Theicewarriors（勇士）emergedfromthelake,theirskinsteaming.Trembling,theywereyetlaughingand

huggingeachother.Icalledout:"Youguysareawesome!,9Onewomanwavedback,“Comeandjoinus!We're

hereeveryMondaymorning.^^

Thenightbeforemyfirstdip（游泳），Iwasexcitedandnervous.Coldwaterwasonething,butthisicylake

wasawholeotherlevel.ShouldIbackout?Eventually,Igotupinthedarkanddrovetothemeetingspot.

Aftersomewildwarmup,Ichargedintothelakealongwithothers.Weyelledintothesky.Teethchattering

heartratesslowing,fingersandtoesgoingnumb（麻木），westayedthereforsomewherebetweentwoandfive

minutes.Knowingitwasmyfirsttime,peoplecheeredmeon.Itfeltamazing.Iwasstupidwithcold,butIcouldn't

rememberthelasttimeI'dfeltsohappy.

NowIgodippingalmosteveryday,andI'vecometolongforthatmomentwhenthecoldbecomesasecond

skinandmyinternalvoicegoessilent.Apartfromthethrillofthosefirstheart-stoppingdives,which,ironically,

savedmefromgoingunder,whathasdrawnmeisthiscommunityofgenerous,open-heartedsouls.

Welaughedtogether,often,butfromthestorieswe'vesharedaboutourselves,IknowI'mnottheonlyone

whofaceslife'schallenges.Holdinghandsinthefreezinglake,welookedoutforeachotherlastwinterandwilldo

sothroughthisone.

Itwon'tfixeverythinginourlives-butforsomereason,ithelps.AttheendofeachsessionIreturnhome

feelingstronger,lighter,moreabletocarryon.Asanotherwintersetsin,I'mmorethanreadytoembracethecold

again.

2.Whydidtheauthorthinkofjoiningtheswimmers?

A.Toexpandhersocialcircle.B.Toliftherspiritsagain.

C.Toadapttothecoldweather.D.Toprepareforanewcareer

3.Whatcanbelearntabouttheauthor'sfirstdipping?

A.Shehesitatedabitbeforegoing.

B.Shesufferedfromaheartproblem.

C.Shestayedincoldwatertoolong.

D.Sheregrettednotdoingenoughwarmup.

4.Whatchangehascoldwaterswimmingbroughtaboutintheauthor?

A.Sheismoreintelligent.

B.Shegetsmorecompetitive.

C.Shebecomesabetterstoryteller.

D.Sheregainsherinnerpeace.

【答案】2.B3.A4.D

【导语】本文是记叙文。这篇文章讲述了作者在冰冷的湖中潜泳的经历，并且分享了参与这个活动的人们

所带来的快乐和支持。通过这个经历，作者能够重新调整和振作起来，带着更强大的力量面对生活中的挑

战。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Andlastwinter,Idefinitelyneededareset.Iwokeupmostmorningswithadull,

greyfeelingasIforcedmyselfoutofbedtostarttheday.Ineededsomethingtocheermyselfup,butIdidn'tknow

what,untilthatday.（去年冬天，我确实需要重新调整一下。大多数早晨，当我强迫自己下床开始新的一天时，

我都是带着一种沉闷、灰暗的感觉醒来的。我需要一些东西让自己振作起来，但我不知道是什么，直到那

天。）”可知，作者去年冬天，整个人很沮丧，需要一些东西让自己振作起来，所以想加入游泳。故选B项。

3.细节理解题。根据第五段“Thenightbeforemyfirstdip（游泳）,Iwasexcitedandnervous.Coldwaterwasone

thing,butthisicylakewasawholeotherlevel.ShouldIbackout?Eventually,Igotupinthedarkanddrovetothe

meetingspot.（第一次泡澡的前一天晚上，我既兴奋又紧张。冷水是一回事，但这个冰湖完全是另一回事。

我应该退出吗?最后，我在黑暗中起床，驱车前往会面地点。）”可知，作者第一次尝试冬泳前，她犹豫了一

下。故选A项。

4.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“NowIgodippingalmosteveryday,andFvecometolongforthatmoment

whenthecoldbecomesasecondskinandmyinternalvoicegoessilent.（现在我几乎每天都去游泳，我已经开始

渴望那一刻，当寒冷成为我的第二层皮肤，我内心的声音安静下来。）”可知，冷水游泳使作者恢复了内心的

平静。故选D项。

（2023•天津•统考高考真题）Ilookedthroughthewindowofthecharminglittleviolinshop,andmyheart

begantorace.

I'dbeenouttodinnerthatevening.Sinceitwasn'tdarkyetafterthemeal,Idecidedtowalkhomefromthe

restaurant.Ihadtraveledthatwaybefore,yetIhadnevernoticedthatoldlittleshop.ButthatnightIfeltdrawnto

theviolinshopthemomentIcameacrossit.

Iwipedthedirtfromthewindowtogetabetterlookinside.Severalviolinshungfromthedarkwalls,quietly

waitingtobechosen.Asmyeyesrestedonthem,IfeltasthoughIwerelookingthroughawindowintomyown

past.

MychildhoodwasallaboutthepursuitsIhadattempted,mostofwhichhadbeenchosenbyMom.Shewas

like,“Jointheswimteam,Tara.Yoursisterisagoodswimmer;surelyyouwillbe,too."Whatsherefusedto

acknowledge,however,wasthatIwasvisiblyafraidofwater.

EverySaturdayIbeggedMomnottomakemegototheswimmeet,buthadlittlechanceofsuccess.Thatsaid,

withabangofthestartinggun,Iwoulddiveintothecoldwaterwithallmystrengthandswimtotheothersideof

thepoolasfastasIcould,onlytofindthattheotherswimmersslidpastme.IwouldhavegivenitupifIhadnot

heardmyfather'sencouragingshoutstocheermeon.Whenatlastmyhandwouldgrabtheedgeofthepool,he

wouldalwaysbetherewithawarm,drytowel,tellingmehowproudhewasofmydesperateefforts.

Thencameaturningpointinmylifethedayourschoolorchestra（管弦乐队）visitedmyclass,andgavea

demonstration.Thedrumsannoyedme.Theflutes（笛子）boredme.Buttheviolin...ah,theviolin.Itmadethe

sweetestsoundI'deverheard!Myheartwasdancingalongwithitsflowingtune.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iwent

sowildwithjoy.

Tightlyholdingthepermissionslipfromtheorchestradirector,Iranallthewayhomeafterschool,and

shakilyhandedittomyparentswithafearthattheymightdismissmydesire.Theydidn*t.Momwasthrilledtosee

mefinallyexcitedaboutsomething,andDadwinked（眨眼示意）atmewhileeagerlysigningtheslip.

Ibeganpracticingtheviolinwithgreatpassion,androsequicklyinability.BeforelongIhadwonthefirstseat

inthecommunityorchestra...

6.WhatdidthesightoftheviolinsinthatlittleshopbringtoTara'smind?

A.Hermiserablepast.

B.Anunforgettablesportevent.

C.Thestoriesbehindtheviolins.

D.Herchildhoodmemory.

8.WhatfascinatedTaraduringherschoolorchestra'sdemonstration?

A.Thetuneoftheflutes.

B.Thebeatofthedrums.

C.Thesoundoftheviolin.

D.Themannerofthemusicians.

9.WhatenabledTaratowinthefirstseatinthecommunityorchestra?

A.Thesteadyimprovementinhertaste.

B.Herstrongdesireforsuccess.

C・Hernaturalgiftformusic.

D.Therapidprogressinherability.

【答案】6.D8.C9.D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落

后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终

成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。

6.细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行"Asmyeyesrestedonthem,IfeltasthoughIwerelookingthrougha

windowintomyownpast."（当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。）

和第四段第——行“MychildhoodwasallaboutthepursuitsIhadattempted,mostofwhichhadbeenchosenby

Mom."（我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。）可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回

想起了童年。故选D项。

8.细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句"Buttheviolin...ah,theviolin.ItmadethesweetestsoundI'dever

heard!Myheartwasdancingalongwithitsflowingtune.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iwentsowildwithjoy.,9（但

是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以

来第一次欣喜若狂。）可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。

9.细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句"Ibeganpracticingtheviolinwithgreatpassion,androsequicklyin

ability.”（我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。）可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。

故选D项。

（2022•天津•高考真题）I'man18-year-oldpre-medicalstudent,tallandgood-looking,withtwoshortstory

booksandquiteanumberofessaystomycredit.WhyamIsingingsuchpraisesofmyself?Justtoexplainthatthe

attainmentofself-pridecomesfromagreatdealofself-love,andtoattainit,onemustfirstlearntoacceptoneself

asoneis.Thatwaswheremystrugglebegan.

BornandraisedinAfrica,IhadalwaystakenmyAfricanoriginasburden.Myself-dislikewasfurtherfueled

whenmyfamilyhadtorelocatetoNorway,whereIattendedahighschool.Comparedtoallthewhitegirlsaround

me,withtheirgoldenhairanddelicatelips,I,ablackgirl,hadcurlyhairandfull,redlips.Mynoseoftenhadathin

sheetofsweatonit,whatevertheweatherwas.Ijustwantedtoburymyselfinmyshellcrying"I'msodifferent!,9

Whatalsocontributedtomyself-dislikewasmyoccasionalstuttering（口吃），whichhadweakenedmy

self-confidence.Italwaysstoodbetweenmeandanyfineopportunity.I'dtakenitasanexcusetoavoidanypublic

speakingsessions,andunknowinglyletitruleoverme.

Fortunately,asIgrewolder,therecameaturningpoint.Onedayawhitegirlcaughtmyeyeontheschoolbus

whenshesuddenlyturnedback.Tomyastonishment,shehadathinsheetofsweatonhernosetoo,anditwasin

at

November!Wow,^^Iwhisperedtomyself,“thisisn'tagenetic（遗传的）disorderafterall.Ifsperfectlynormal.^^

Dayslater,mylifetookan-othertwist（转折）.Searchingtheinternetforstutteringcures,Iaccidentallylearnedthat

suchfamouspeopleasIsaacNewtonandWinstonChurchillalsostuttered.Iwasgreatlyrelievedandthenanidea

suddenlyhitme一ifI'msmart,Ishouldn'tallowmystutteringtostandbetweenmeandmysuccess.

Anotherboosttomyself-confidencecamedayslaterasIwaswatchingthenewsaboutOprahWinfrey,the

famoustalkshowhostandwriter-she'sblacktoo!WheneverIthinkofherstoryandmyformerdislikeofmy

color,I'mpracticallyfilledwithshame.

Today,FvegrowntoacceptwhatIamwithpride;itsimplygivesmefeelingofuniqueness.Theideaof

self-lovehastakenonawholenewmeaningforme:there?salwayssomethingfantasticaboutus,andwhatweneed

todoislearntoappreciateit.

12.Whatdidtheauthor'soccasionalstutteringbringaboutaccordingonParagraph3?

A.Herlackofself-confidence.

B.Herlossofinterestinschool.

C.Herunwillingnesstogreetherclassmates.

D.Herdesireforchancestoimproveherself.

14.WhatlessondidtheauthorlearnfromthecasesofNewtonandChurchill?

A.Greatmindsspeakalike.

B.Stutteringisnobarriertosuccess.

C.Wisdomcountsmorethanhardwork.

D.Famouspeoplecan'tlivewiththeirweaknesses.

【答案】12.A14.B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是作者在非洲长大的经历，在成长的过程中作者意识到一个人要获得

自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目。

12.细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Whatalsocontributedtomyself-dislikewasmyoccasionalstuttering（口吃）,

whichhadweakenedmyself-confidence.（导致我自我厌恶的还有我偶尔的口吃，这削弱了我的自信心。）“可知，

作者的口吃导致作者失去了自信。故选A项。

14.细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Iwasgreatlyrelievedandthenanideasuddenlyhitme一ifI'msmart,I

shouldn,tallowmystutteringtostandbetweenmeandmysuccess.（我大大地松了一口气，然后一个想法突然出

现在我脑海中——如果我聪明，我不应该让我的口吃阻碍我和我的成功。）”可知，作者意识到口吃不应该是

自己成功的障碍。故选B项。

（2021•天津•高考真题）WhenpeopleaskmehowIstartedwriting,Ifindmyselfdescribinganurgentneed

thatIfelttoworkwithlanguage.Havingsaidthat,IdidnotknowforalongtimewhatIwaslookingfor.Itwasnot

untilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.Withsomeencouragement

frommycolleagues,Ihadoneofmypoemspublished.Thisbitofsuccess,however,wasthepointwheremy

problembegan.

Backin1978,1hadtotravelbetweenthreedifferentcampusesinthemorning,teachingfreshmancomposition.

AfternoonsIspenttakingmydaughtertoherballetandhorse-ridinglessons.Icomposedmylecturesontheway,

andthatwasallthethinkingtimeIhad.WhenIreturnedhome,therewasnotenoughofmeleftforwritingaftera

fullworkingday.

Asawayout,Idecidedtogetuptwohoursbeforemyusualtime.Myalarmwassetfor5:00A.M.Thefirst

dayIshutitoffbecauseIhadplaceditwithinarm'sreach.TheseconddayIsettwoclocks,oneonmynighttable,

andoneoutinthehallway.Ihadtojumpoutofbedandruntosilenceitbeforemyfamilywasawoken.Thiswas

whenmymorningwritingbegan.

Sincethatfirstmorningin1978,Ihavebeenfollowingthehabittothisday,notmakingoracceptingmany

excusesfornotwriting.Iwrotemypoemsinthismannerfornearlytenyearsbeforemyfirstbookwaspublished.

WhenIdecidedtowriteanovel,Idividedmytwohours:thefirstforpoetry,thesecondforfiction.Wellorbadly,I

wroteatleasttwopagesaday.Thisishowmynovel,TheLineoftheSun.wasfinished.IfIhadwaitedtohavethe

time,Iwouldstillbewaitingtowritemynovel.

WhatIgotoutofgettingupinthedarktoworkisthefeelingthatIamincontrol.Formanypeople,theinitial

senseofurgencytocreateeasilydiesawaybecauseitrequiresmakingthetoughdecision:takingthetimetocreate,

stealingitfromyourselfififstheonlyway.

16.Whatmotivatedtheauthortostartherwritingcareer?

A.Herstrongwishtoshare.

B.Herkeeninterestinwriting.

C.Herurgentneedtomakealiving.

D.Herpassionatedesireforfame.

17.Whatproblemdidtheauthorfacewhenshedecidedtobeginherwriting?

A.Shewastooexhaustedtowriteafterabusyday.

B.Shehadtroubleindecidingonherwritingstyle.

C.Shehadtotaketimetodisciplineherdaughter.

D.Shewasunsureaboutherwritingskills.

18.Whydidtheauthorplaceanalarmclockinthehallway?

A.Incasetheclockinherroombrokedown.

B.Incaseshefailedtoheartheringing.

C.Toforceherselfoutofbed.

D.Towakeupherfamily.

【答案】16.B17.A18.C

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作者喜爱写作并制定计划一直坚持下来。

16.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"WhenpeopleaskmehowIstartedwriting,Ifindmyselfdescribinganurgent

needthatIfelttoworkwithlanguage.”当人们问我是如何开始写作的时候，我发现自己在描述一种对语言的迫

切需求。可知，促使作者开始她的写作生涯的原因是她对写作的强烈兴趣。故选B项。

17.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“WhenIreturnedhome,therewasnotenoughofmeleftforwritingafterafull

workingday."当我回到家时，在工作了一整天后，我写东西的精力已经不够了。可知，当作者决定开始写作

时，因为她忙碌了一天之后，她筋疲力尽，无法再写作了。故选A项。

18.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ThefirstdayIshutitoffbecauseIhadplaceditwithinarm'sreach.Thesecond

dayIsettwoclocks,oneonmynighttable,andoneoutinthehallway.”第一天我把它关掉了，因为我把它放在触

手可及的地方。第二天，我调了两个钟，一个放在床头柜上，一个放在走廊上。可知，作者在走廊里放了

一个闹钟的原因是为了强迫自己起床。故选C项。

（2020•天津•高考真题）"Theytellmethatyou'dliketomakeastatue（塑像）ofme-isthatcorrect,Miss

VinnieReam?^^

Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswas

nocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl.

“Yes,sir,"shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis."Iwouldn'thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,

saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.44

PresidentLincolnsmiled."Painters,sculptors-they\ealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butFm

afraidthere5snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust（半身像）？”

BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.

“Ofcourse-Ishouldn'thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwoman

yoursize.”

Vinnie'sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.t6Smalldoesnotmeanweak,

sir/shedefendedherself.CCIwasbominthecountryofWisconsin.Fvedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.

Makingafull-lengthclay（粘土）figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”

ThePresidenfseyes,brightenedathershowofspirit."Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn't

knowyourbackground.^^

Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.6tMissReam,^^hesighed,'Tdliketo

letyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposefora

sculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.^^

Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice."Iworkquickly,9,shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbut

confidentasshepointedtothecomernearthewindows.44IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehours

everyafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”

ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie'shandwarmly,"I'veheard

thatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemy

decisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.^^

Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.

21.WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentLincoln?

A.Heraggressivepersonality.

B.Mr.Mills'sencouragingremark.

C.PresidentLincoln'sgentlevoice.

D.Herinterestinachallengingjob.

【答案】21.B

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了