动词不定式专项讲解及训练(有答案)

1.1.不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。2.若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加forsb.。careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等不定式前加ofsb.。4.不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。专项练习1.Howtheproblemwillbediscussedsometimelaterthisafternoon.A.tosolveB.tobesol2.IsitnecessarythegeographA.costs...togetC.takes...toget4.ThisgrammarpointiA.toexplain5.TomseemedB.costs...gettingD.takes...getting1.只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有：(ℼ希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;(ℼ同意”“否”）agree,consen(ℼ选”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;2.可用于“动词+it+形容词／名词+todosth．”结构中的动词有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。3.以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。4.有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。专项练习1.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.C.tobecausedD.tohavebeencaused2.ThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneedA.that...tobeimprovedB.which...tobeimprovedC.where...tobeimproving3.Rememberthemagazinewhenyouhavefinishedreadingit.4.—I'msorryIforgotyourdictionary.A.totakeB.taking5.Atthemoment,Jasonisconsideringnext.A.todowhatB.whattodoC.doingwh6.IfirstconsideredtoA.writing...phoningC.writing...tophone7.Tomisalwaysforgettingthingshehasdone.Yesterday,heforgotandlookedforitevA.toposttheletterC.tohavingpostedtheletter9.Mybrotherregrettedalectu10.Iregretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.informingB.havinginformed11.Hefelttiredwithtypingthelecture.Sohestoppedashortbreak.A.havingB.tohavestrivingtheirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tosit...weptB.tosit...weeping14.—Youhavecomejustintimeto—Fine.What?15.Thatevening,hesetaboutthereportthenextmorning.A.write...tohandinC.written...tohandin16.Thereseemednothintodobutforthedoctor.17.DoyouthinkitdifficultadolphinA.totrain...jumpingC.totrain...jumpA.todosomereading...watchingTVC.todosomereading...watchTVB.training...forjumpingD.totrain...tojumpB.doingsomereading...watchingTVD.doingsomereading...towatchTV19.Thetwoboyspretendedveryhard,thoughtheydidnothing.A.studyB.studyingKeys:1-5CACCB6-10CDBACiiiiii.不定式作宾语补足语1.常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，callon，expect，force,forbid,invite,teach,wouldlike,dependon.waitfor等。2.以省略t0的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一‘‘感’’listento，hear(二‘‘听’’)；have，let，make(三‘‘使”)；lookat，see，watch，observe，notice（五‘‘看’’）。专项练习1.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.practisetosingB.practisesingiC.topractisetosingD.topractisesingingA.makinghimtorealize4.Soontheysawthetwostrangersinthecrowd.A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearingD.disappeared5.ProfessorSmith5.ProfessorSmithhashisstudentscompositionseveryFriday.A.towriteB.writtenC.write6.Theboyswereseenmodelshipsintheroomwhensomeonerangthebell.8.Mr.Brownwasmadehi9.Shallwegoandlistentothereviewersonthenewbook?A.tocommentB.commentC.tocommentingD.beingcommented10.Mrs.Whitemadeherpupilsthetex11.Thestudentaskedtheteacher.A.repeatthequestionagainB.repeatingthequestionC.torepeatingthequestionD.torepeatthequestion12.ThemuseumissaidinabA.tobedestroyedB.tohavebC.tobedestroyingA.togoalongB.goingalongC.wentalongD.willgoalongC.togetitstarted15.15.ThebossorderedthehallA.tosweepB.tobesweptCiviv.不定式作定语1.不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。2.数词和最高级后常接不定式，如thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thebest等。3.有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。专项练习—Okay,Sir.Youhaveseveralmodels.A.tochooseC.tochoosefromA.fortransplantC.totransplantB.oftransplantingD.totransplantingA.ofthinkingoveritC.ofthinkingitover5.ColumbuswasthefirsttheNewContinent.A.tohavediscoveredB.todiscoverC.discoveringD.havingdiscoveredv.v.不定式作状语1.不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。2.常用的表示目的短语有：todo，inordertodo，soastodosoasto不否定式必须用inordernotto或soasnotto;不能只用nottodo。3.常用too…to，enoughto，onlyto，so+形容词／副词+asto，sucha+名词+asto等结构表示结果。4.常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示storyshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief专项练习A.forthefamilytoliveC.thatthefamilycan'tliveinB.forthefamilytolD.thatthefamilycan'tlive2.2.Theteacherdidn'tspeakclearlyenough.A.soeveryonetounderstandC.foreveryonetounderstandB.foreveryoneunderstoodD.forunderstanding3.Doyou3.DoyouthinkJuliaiseasyA.togetalongwithC.tobegotalongwithD.togettingalongwith4.Prof.4.Prof.Bush'stalkinA.forusinfollowingC.tobefollowed6.6.Thepatientswerewaitingthedocto.rA.toseeC.forseeing7.,Idon'twanttoarguewiththemaboutthematter.A.TotellyouthetruthB.TellingthetruthC.HavingtoldyouthetruthD.Outofthetruth8.The8.ThesoldierspoketotheboykindlyA.tonotfrightenC.inordertonotfrigD.fornotfrightening9.9.Wouldyoubegoodenoughtothebusstation?A.showingmethewayB.astoshowmethewayC.toshowmetheway10.Tomwassocarelesshiscarunlocked.专项练习vi.不定式的时态与语态意义1.不定式的时态意义1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。3)完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。a.happen,seem,bereported,besaid,belikely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。b.在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。c.完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，wouldlike等表示去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。2.不定式的语态意义1)当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。2)be+easy/difficult/fit/hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。3)therebe结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。4)当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。1.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.beentoldabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcA.tohavestudiedB.tostudybeenstudying3.3.Oneofthesalesmaninthisshopis.A.sayingtohavebeenfiredC.sayingtohavefired5.5.Heclaimedinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.tobetreatedbadlyC.treatingbadlyD.tvii.vii.省去to的动词不定式1.并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的to要省略。2.在hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,ratherthan,wouldsooner,wouldsooner…than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut,mightaswell,donothingbesides,donothingthan(except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。notice，observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to。4.当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to；在can’thelp意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannothelpbut意为“不得不”时，后需接省略t5.ratherthan，soonerthan位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。作表语的不定式一般省略to。7.在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。专项练习3.TomdidnothingelsebutA.takenC.taking4.Allthepeopleinthe,hearingsuchanabsurdstory.5.—Youshouldhavethankedherbefo,butwhenIwas,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tviiiviii.带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略1.有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需要，接名词或动名词，注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有getdownto,berelatedto,befamiliarto,beaccustomedto,getusedto,befaithfuladdition2.一些情态动词oughtto，needto，dareto，would/wouldliketo,wouldloveto，usedto，haveto，begbeableto后省略已提到的或已知的内容。agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的内容。4.4.疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。5.形容词afraid,anxious,carefuforbid后作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。7.作名词time，chance，duty，right，way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。8.it作形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。10.作有些感官动词（feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to,必须省去。专项练习2.Thosewhowereobjectthesuggestionswereaskedtoputuptheirhands.A.toacceptingB.toacceptC.foracceptingtomorrow?4.Thomaswantedto4.Thomaswantedtobuyasportscar,buthe.A.wasn'tabletoC.wasn'tableB.wasn'tabletoafford5.Will5.WillyoushowmeaguA.wheretogetB.wheretogettingC.wheregettingD.whereingetting综合练习一1.Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producing2.The2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelife3.Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearC.makingherselfheardSeptember.5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetold6.Youweresillynotyo7.Theteacheraskedus8.Thepolicemenhavebeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toshareB.tohaveshared10.The10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyes11.A11.AnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedA.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyed12.ThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuA.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceA.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinished14.IamsorrywrittenyoualeA.wait;tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;cameA.tosolveB.solving18.There'samanattheretrouble.A.hearing,saying,torepairB.tC.hearing,say,repairing20.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcoul22.I'mgoingtoXi'annextweek.Haveyouanythingtoyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuy23.Whenarethey24.24.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurvive25.Whenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.26.Ilostmywayinco27.Attimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusyA.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totake28.—Areyouastudent?A.toenjoy,toshutB.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shut30.Withalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-elecA.settledB.settlingsettledKeys:1-5BCDDB16-20ABBCB21-25ABCBB26-30DAABC31.We'releavingatsixo'clock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.32.Thestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoo33.Whowillyougettheprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.d34.34.ItissaidinAustraliathereisA.itwhattodowithC.whattodowithit35.Wearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.36.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavy37.Shefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearole38.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeto39.TherearefivepairsA.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochoos40.TheproblemisdifficultfoA.so;workoutB.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkoutD.quitetoo,to41.—WhereshouldImyapplication?A.send;tosenditC.sendfor;forsendingitD.send;tosendft42.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowA.expectedB.toexpectC.expects43.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.44.CanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?45.Whomdidyouthewallyesterday?46.—What'sthematterwithJohn?47.Muchattentionshouldbepaidpeople'slivingconditions.A.inimprovingB.toimprove48.thateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeA.togoB.tohavegone50.Myfamilyconsidersacomputer,whichiworkandstudy.51.Withtheplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnoffA.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoff52.Thankyouforallthetroubleyou'vetakenme.53.Heisbelievedtheco54.—Willyouhaveanybodytheflowers?—Yes,I'IIhavetheflowers.55.Theyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.56.Busytranslating56.Busytranslatingabook,hecouldn'thelpthearticlA.writeB.writingC.wroteD.written57.ZhouLandoesn'thavetobemade.S58.thiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.60.TheOlympicGames,in776Keys:36-40ABCBC41-4546-5051-55CAAAA56-60ABCAC61.inthought,healmostranin62.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.63.Weagreedhere.Butsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.64.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthe65.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,thathehadenjoyedA.havingaddedB.toadd66.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtheA.tohaveinvented68.HehasalwaysinsistedonhisDr.Turn69.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingA.havetoldB.tell71.ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutin16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwritten72.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.T74."DoyouhaveanyclothestodayA.towashB.bewashedC.washatowelandIfeltverycoA.taking/totakeB.totake/takingC.take/takingD.take/taken76.WouldyoumindmehowtousethedictioA.totellB.toA.tellingB.talkingC.totellD.to78.ProfessorSmithhaduscompositionseveryMonday.A.towriteB.writtenA.myselfunderstandinB.myselfunderstooC.myselfunderstandby80.—Whatwouldyoulike?CBCBBCCCDC66-70AADBA71-75DACDA76-80一、辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:1.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoall2.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.3.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.4.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.6.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.A.beallowedtoreturnC.allowreturning