2022北京高一(上)期末英语汇编：阅读理解C篇

第12页/共12页2022北京高一（上）期末英语汇编阅读理解C篇一、阅读理解（2022·北京海淀·高一期末）AscollegesportscontinuetobehugelypopularandtheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)bringsinlargeamountsofmoney,peoplehaverestartedthedebateonwhethercollegeathletesshouldgetpaid.Supportersoftheideabelievethat,becausecollegeathletesarebringinginaudiences,theyshouldreceivesomesortofcompensation(补偿).Infact,theNCAAbringsinabout$1billionincomeayear,butcollegeathletesdon’treceiveanyofthatmoneyintheformofapaycheck.Additionally,peoplewhobelievecollegeathletesshouldbepaidstatethatpayingcollegeathleteswillactuallyencouragethemtoremainincollegelongerandnotturnprofessionalsasquickly,eitherbygivingthemawaytobeginearningmoneyincollegeorrequiringthemtosignacontract(合同)sayingthey’llstayattheuniversityforacertainnumberofyearswhilemakinganagreed-uponsalary.Peoplewhoargueagainsttheideaofpayingcollegeathletesbelievethepracticecouldbedisastrousforcollegesports.Payingathleteswouldturncollegesportsintoabidding(竞拍)war,whereonlytherichestschoolscouldaffordtopathletes,andmostschoolswouldbeshutoutfromdevelopingatalentedteam.Itcouldalsoharmthecamaraderiewithinmanycollegeteamsifplayersbecomeunhappythatcertainteammatesaremakingmoremoneythantheyare.Thoseagainstpayingcollegeathletesalsobelievethattheathletesarereceivingenoughbenefitsalready.Thetopathletesreceivescholarshipsthatareworthtensofthousandsperyear.Theyreceivefreefoodandtextbooks,gettravelbonusesandfreeequipment,andcanusetheirtimeincollegeasawaytoattracttheattentionofprofessionalcoaches.Noothercollegestudentsreceiveanywherenearasmuchfromtheirschools.Whilebothsideshavegoodpoints,it’sclearthatthenegativesofpayingcollegeathletesfaroutweighthepositives.Collegeathleteshavebeencompensatedenough.Addingasalarywouldresultinacollegeathleticsystemwhereonlyafewathletesarepaidbysomeschoolswhoenterbiddingwarstosignthemup,whilemoststudentathleticsandcollegeathleticprogramssufferorevenshutdownforlackofmoney.Continuingtoofferthepresentbenefitstostudentathletesmakesitpossibleforasmanypeopletobenefitfromandenjoycollegesportsaspossible.1．ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatcollegeathletes________.A．haveearnedwhattheyarepromisedB．tendtoservecollegelongerwhenpaidC．shouldsignacontracttomakeanagreed-uponsalaryD．prefertostayatuniversityratherthanturnprofessionals2．Theunderlinedword“camaraderie”inParagraph3issimilarto“________”.A．friendship B．competition C．spirit D．communication3．Peopleagainstpayingcollegeathletesbelieve________.A．schoolswouldbeunabletoafforditB．itcouldbeharmfultocollegesportsC．noothercollegestudentsreceivebenefitsD．studentswouldvaluepaymentsoverachievements4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspayingcollegeathletes?A．Uncertain. B．Satisfied. C．Unsupportive. D．Expectant.（2022·北京西城·高一期末）HowYourWeeklyShopCouldHelpPreventaMassExtinctionAllaroundtheworld,thewayinwhichweproduce,buyandeatfoodhasneverbeenmoresimilar.Youmaythinkyouhavemorechoicesthanyourparentsorgrandparentseverdid,andononelevelthatistrue.Whereveryouare,youcaneatvariousfoodsallinasingleday.Whatwe’rebeingofferedappearsatfirsttobediverse,untilyourealiseitisthesamekindof“diversity”thatisspreadingaroundtheglobeinthesameway;whattheworldbuysandeatsisbecomingmoreandmorethesame.Ofthe6,000plantspecieshumanshaveeatenovertime,wenowmainlygrowandeatjustnine.What’slesswellknownisthatforeachofthecrops,we’reeatingfromasmallernumberofvarieties.Thousandsofdifferentwheatsexist,butlessthan10makeitontothe“recommendedlist”issuedtoBritishfarmers.It’sasimilarstorywiththemeatweeat.Thisrelativelyrecentphenomenon(现象)ofeatingfromsuchanarrowselectionofplantsandanimals,andjustafewvarietiesofthese,hasresultedinaseriouslossofdiversityinfarmers’fieldsandinourdietsandagreatlossofbiodiversity.Inthe20thcentury,effortsweremadetoproducemorecalories(卡路里)tofeedgrowingpopulations,butinsearchofquantity,wegaveupdiversity.Cropsandfarmanimalsuniquetotheirpartoftheworldbecameendangered;someevenwentextinct(灭绝).Whenafoodislost,werisknotonlylosingaspecialflavour,butalsoawayoflifeandpartofaculture.Wealsolosechoicesforthefuture.Facedwiththegrowingimpactofclimatechangeandextremeweatherevents,wecanaddgreaterresilience(快速恢复能力)toourfoodsystembysavingdiversity.Butastheworldfarmsandeatsinincreasinglysimilarways,morefoodsareatriskofdisappearing.Weallhaveaparttoplayinpreventingthisfromhappening,whereverweareintheworld,anditstartswithwhatweputinourshoppingbaskets.Stillunsurewheretostart?Focusononeofyourfavouritefoodsandstarttoexploreitinallitsdiversity.Whetherthat’schocolate,coffee,cheeseorwine,findasmuchvariationasyoucan,setoffonaflavouradventureandhelpsavesomethingfromextinction.5．Accordingtothepassage,peoplemaybelievethat________.A．ourchoicesoffoodaremorethanthoseofearlygenerationsB．ourwaysoffoodproductionareneversimilartooneanotherC．whatweplantstaysthesamearoundtheworldD．whatweeatisbecomingincreasinglypopular6．HowdoesthewriterprovehisideainParagraph2?A．Byusingdata. B．Bydescribingascene.C．Bytellingastory. D．Bysharingexperiences.7．Accordingtothewriter,whatmightbethecauseofthelossofbiodiversity?A．Climate. B．Business. C．Population. D．Technology.8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whytostart. B．Wheretoshop. C．Whattoeat. D．Howtohelp.（2022·北京平谷·高一期末）Thesedays,footballisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheworld.ConsideringthatNeilArmstrongwantedtotakeafootballtotheMoon,wecouldevensaythatitisalsothemostpopularsportoutofthisworld!ThehistoryofthegamegoesbackovertwothousandyearstoancientChina.Itwasthenknownascuju(kickball),agameusingaballofanimalskinswithhairinside.Goalswerehungintheair.FootballasweknowittodaystartedinGreatBritain,wherethegamewasgivennewrules.Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.Itisalsoagamethatisverycheaptoplay.Youdon'tneedexpensiveequipment;eventheballdoesn'thavetocostmuchmoney.Allovertheworldyoucanseekidsplayingtotheirhearts'contentwithaballmadeofplasticbags,justlikePeledidwhenhewasaboy.Anotherfactorbehindfootball'sglobalpopularityisthecreativityandexcitementonthefield.Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.Youdonothavetobeafantorecognisetheskillofprofessionalplayers-howtheyusetheirbodiestopass,scoreanddefendcanbeamazingtosee-ortofeeltheexcitementofagameendingwithasurprisingtwist.What'smore,footballhasbecomeoneofthebestwaysforpeopletocommunicate.Itdoesnotrequirewords,buteveryoneunderstandsit.Itbreaksdownwallsandbringspeopletogetheronandoffthefield.Take,forexample,thefamousfootballgameonChristmasDay1914,WorldWarIhadbrokenoutmonthsbefore,butBritishandGermansoldiersputdowntheirgunsandplayedfootballtogether-onemomentofpeacetorememberduringyearsofconflict."Somepeoplebelievefootballisamatteroflifeanddeath..."saidBillShankly,thefamousfootballerandmanager."Icanassureyouitismuch,muchmoreimportantthanthat."Thismightsoundfunny,butoneonlyhastothinkabouttheearthtorealisethatourplanetisshapedlikeafootball.9．Aboutthedevelopmentoffootball,weknowthat________.A．thehistoryoffootballdatesbacktoancientChinaB．NeilArmstrongoncetookafootballtothemoonC．thegoalofancientfootballwasfixedonthegroundD．therulesoffootballhaveneverbeenchanged10．Accordingtothetext,footballispopularbecause________.A．PeleplayedfootballB．itisgivennewrulesC．itissimple,cheapandfuntoplayD．itattractsmanyprofessionalplayers11．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．WorldWarIwasover.B．Britishsoldierswantedtowinthewar.C．Footballisnotimportant.D．Footballcanhelppeopletocommunicate.（2022·北京房山·高一期末）CHEMICALVSORGANICFARMINGChemicalpesticides(农药)andartificialfertilisers(人工化肥)havebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenforbiddeninmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilisers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheoutside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavouraswell.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.

Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisbecausetheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely.Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“digest”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Eat. B．Approach. C．Plant. D．Carry.13．Howisorganicfarmingdifferentfromchemicalfarming?A．Organicfarmingcanmeetthehugedemandforfoodaroundtheworld.B．Organicfarmingaimsatgrowinggoodfoodandkeepingsoilrichandhealthy.C．Cropsgrownwithorganicfarminglookbeautifulbuthavelessnutritionandflavor.D．Organicfarmingdoesharmtopeopleandtheenvironmentandisnotallowedtouse.14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Organicfarmingcouldn’tfinditswayinfarmingsinceithaslowproduction.B．Organicfarmingisbetterthanchemicalfarmingandcouldtaketheplaceofit.C．Weshouldstoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinfarmingbecauseoftheirharm.D．Ittakesalongtimetokeepabalancebetweenproducingsufficientfoodandensuringhealth.（2022·北京市怀柔区教科研中心高一期末）HowtoMakeFriends,AccordingtoScienceFriendshipisoneoflife’smostimportantfeatures,andonetoooftentakenforgranted.Thehumanwishforcompanionship(交往)maybenoend,butresearchsuggeststhatoursocialcapital(资本)isfinite(有限的)—wecanonlyhandleacertainnumberofrelationshipsatonetime.Socialscientistshaveusedsomecreativeapproachestomeasurethesizeofpeople’ssocialnetworks;thesehavereturnedestimates(估计)rangingfromabout250toabout5,500people.Lookingmorespecificallyatfriendship,astudyusingtheexchangeofChristmascardstotestclosenessputtheaverageperson’sfriendgroupatabout121people.Howeverlargeournetworksmaybe,ourinnercircletendstobemuchsmaller.TheaverageAmericantrustsonly10to20people.Moreover,thatnumbermaybecomesmaller:From1998to2017,theaverage(平均的)numberoftrustedfriendsdecreased(减少)fromthreetotwo.Thisisbothsadandofimportantresult,becausepeoplewhohavestrongsocialrelationshipstendtolivelongerthanthosewhodon’t.Sowhatshouldyoudoifyoursociallifeislacking?Heretheresearchisinstructive.Tobeginwith,don’trefusetoconsidertheordinaryacquaintance(交情).Eveninteractingwithpeoplewithwhomonehasweaksocialtieshasameaningfulinfluenceonwell—being.Beyondthat,buildingdeeperfriendshipsmaybelargelyamatterofputtingintime.ArecentstudyoutoftheUniversityofKansasfoundthatittakesabout50hoursofsocializingtogofromacquaintancetocasualfriend,anadditional40hourstobecomea“real”friend,andatotalof200hourstobecomeaclosefriend.Ifthatsoundsliketoomucheffort,renewinginactivesocialtiescanbeespeciallyrewarding.Reconnectedfriendscanquicklygetbackthetrusttheybuiltbefore,whileofferingeachotheradashofnovelty(新奇)drawnfromwhateverthey’vebeenuptointhemeantime.Andifallelsefails,youcouldstartrandomlytotellsecretstopeopleyoudon’tknowthatwell.Self-disclosure(自我表露)makesusmorelikable,andasabonus,wearemorelikelytofavorthosetowhomwehaverevealedoursoul.Longingforclosenessandconnectioniscommonandeverywhere,whichsuggeststhatmostofusarestumbling(跌跌撞撞)throughtheworld,expectingcompanionshipthatcouldbeeasilyprovidedbythelonesomestumblersallaroundus.Sosetasidethisarticle,turntosomeonenearby,andtrytomakeafriend.15．FromParagraph2,wecanknowthat______.A．astrongsocialrelationshipmeansalonglifeB．realfriendshipsarebasedontheexchangeofpresentsC．people’sinnercirclebecomessmallerD．people’ssocialnetworksdependontheirwishforcompanionship16．Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoimproveone’ssociallife?A．Sharingsecretswithclosefriends. B．Choosinglikablepeopleasfriends.C．Avoidingtheordinaryacquaintance. D．Spendingtimefordeeperfriendships.17．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thetipsonhowtodevelopfriendship.B．Thereasonsforseekingcompanionship.C．Thebenefitsbroughtbyagoodsociallife.D．Therelationshipbetweenfriendshipandhappiness.（2022·北京师大附中高一期末）Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.18．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.19．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A．aimatvictimsprecisely B．damagedatabaseseasilyC．startcampaignsrapidly D．spreadinformationwidely20．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.21．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB．WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC．WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD．HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology（2022·北京昌平·高一期末）Librariesaroundtheworldstillholdcopiesofbooksprintedhundredsofyearsago.Wille-booksstillbeusedinhundredsofyears’time?Librariansareworriedthatdigitalinformationanddigitalbooksarealreadybeinglost.Technologyisalwayschanging,andevennow,wecannotfindtheinformationtypedinprogramsweusedtenorfifteenyearsago.Isdigitaldataindangerofdisappearingintoadigitalblackhole?Amazingly,westillhavecopiesofthefirstpublishedcollectionofWilliamShakespeare536playsThefirstFolio.That’snotbadforabookthat’snearly500yearsold.Thefoliowaspublishedin1623.Around800copieswereprintedand234knowncopiesstillcanbefoundtoday.Booksarequiteeasytostore.Theyholdalargeamountofinformationinasmallspace.Mostimportantly,wedon’tneedanyspecialequipmenttoopenthem.Butwhataboutthedigitalbooksstoredonyourcomputernow?Willpeoplebeabletoreadthemin800,500oreven10years’time?Technologymovesfast.Thedigitalbookswesavedonsomespecialequipmenttenortwentyyearsagocan’tbeopenednow.Wecan’topenthemonour21stcenturylaptops.Whataboutallyourdigitalphotographs?Everysecond,thousandsofthemareuploadedtosocialmedia.Thereisnophysicalcopy.Whatwillhappentothem?Willtheybelostinafewyears’time?Nowyousavethemin.jpgor.tiffformat(格式).Intenyears’time,therewillbeanotherformandanotherprogramtoopenyourphotoswith.Thisnewprogramwillnotbeabletoopenyourold.jpgor.tifffiles.PeoplehaverecognisedthisproblemandtherearenowonlinesellerswhowillprintphysicalphotoalbumsofyourFacebookposts.Whenawebsiteclosesdown,alltheinformationonthatwebsiteisremoved.It’sgoneforever.Ithasdisappearedintothe“digitalblackhole”.Organisationshaveunderstoodthisproblem.In2004,theBritishLibraryintheUKstartedtoarchive(存档)websitesthatareimportantculturallyandacademicallyforfuturegenerations,justlikepaper-basedliterature.In2010,theUSLibraryofCongresssignedanagreementwithTwittertoarchivepublicTweetssentbyAmericans.TheyhavearchivedallpublicTweetssentsincethestartofTwitterin2006.That’s400millionTweetseveryday!Withalltheamazingnewdigitaltechnologytoday,westillhavetorelyonthecenturies-oldtechnologyofprinting.Fornow,itseemsprintedcopiesarestillthesafestwaytostoreinformation.22．ThewritermentionsShakespeare’sworktoshow______.A．therearedifferentwaystostorebooksB．ShakespearehasinfluenceonprintingbooksC．printedbookscanbestoredforalongtimeD．thetechnologyofprintinghasalonghistory23．Whyisdigitaldataindangerofdisappearingintoadigitalblackhole?A．Thereisnoenoughroomtostoredigitaldata.B．Peoplepreferprintedcopiestodigitaldata.C．Anewformofdatawillreplacedigitaldata.D．Digitaldatamaynotbereachedinthefuture.24．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardkeepingtheprintedcopies?A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. D．Worried.

参考答案1．B

2．A

3．B

4．C【导语】这是一篇议论文。讨论了是否应该给大学运动员发工资。1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Additionally,peoplewhobelievecollegeathletesshouldbepaidstatethatpayingcollegeathleteswillactuallyencouragethemtoremainincollegelongerandnotturnprofessionalsasquickly,(此外，那些认为应该给大学运动员发工资的人表示，给大学运动员发工资实际上会鼓励他们在大学呆得更久，而不是更快地成为专业人士)”可知，大学运动员被给予报酬后，可能倾向于继续在大学服务。故选B。2．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“ifplayersbecomeunhappythatcertainteammatesaremakingmoremoneythantheyare.(如果球员对某些队友赚的钱比他们多而感到不高兴)”可推知，当队友之间因为收入不同而产生不愉快时，就会影响到团队之间的团结和友谊，由此可猜测“harmthecamaraderie”中的“camaraderie”与“friendship”同义，表示“友情；同事情谊”。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Peoplewhoargueagainsttheideaofpayingcollegeathletesbelievethepracticecouldbedisastrousforcollegesports.(反对向大学运动员付费的人认为这种做法可能会给大学体育带来灾难)”可知，持反对意见的人们认为给大学运动员支付薪酬会对大学体育造成损害。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Whilebothsideshavegoodpoints,it’sclearthatthenegativesofpayingcollegeathletesfaroutweighthepositives.(尽管双方都有各自的道理，但显然，给大学运动员发工资的负面影响远远大于正面影响)”可知，作者认为负面影响大于正面影响，也就是说作者不支持给大学运动员发工资。故选C。5．A

6．A

7．C

8．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了我们饮食的多样性严重丧失，越来越多的食物面临消失的危险，以及我们每个人都有责任阻止这种情况的发生，挽救一些濒临灭绝的东西。5．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Youmaythinkyouhavemorechoicesthanyourparentsorgrandparentseverdid,andononelevelthatistrue.”（你可能认为你比你的父母或祖父母有更多的选择，这在某种程度上是正确的。）可知，人们可能认为我们对食物的选择比早期几代人更多。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据第二段第二三行“Ofthe6,000plantspecieshumanshaveeatenovertime,wenowmainlygrowandeatjustnine.What’slesswellknownisthatforeachofthecrops,we’reeatingfromasmallernumberofvarieties.Thousandsofdifferentwheatsexist,butlessthan10makeitontothe“recommendedlist”issuedtoBritishfarmers.”（在人类长期食用的6000种植物中，我们现在主要种植和食用9种。不太为人所知的是，对于每种作物，我们吃的是数量较少的品种。存在数千种不同的小麦，但只有不到10种进入发给英国农民的“推荐名单”。）可知，作者是通过使用数据证明自己的观点的。故选A项。7．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Inthe20thcentury,effortsweremadetoproducemorecaloriestofeedgrowingpopulations,butinsearchofquantity,wegaveupdiversity.”（在20世纪，人们努力生产更多的卡路里来养活不断增长的人口，但为了追求数量，我们放弃了多样性。）可知，作者认为，生物多样性丧失的原因可能是人口的增长。故选C项。8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Stillunsurewheretostart?Focusononeofyourfavouritefoodsandstarttoexploreitinallitsdiversity.Whetherthat’schocolate,coffee,cheeseorwine,findasmuchvariationasyoucan,setoffonaflavouradventureandhelpsavesomethingfromextinction.”（还不确定从哪里开始？专注于你最喜欢的食物之一，开始探索它的多样性。无论是巧克力、咖啡、奶酪还是葡萄酒，尽可能多地寻找变化，开始一次风味冒险，并帮助挽救一些濒临灭绝的东西。）可知，最后一段主要讲如何帮助挽救一些濒临灭绝的东西。故选D项。9．A

10．C

11．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了足球的历史和足球在全球受欢迎的原因。9．细节理解题。根据第二段“ThehistoryofthegamegoesbackovertwothousandyearstoancientChina.（足球的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的中国古代。）”可知，关于足球的发展，我们知道足球的历史可以追溯到古代中国。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.Itisalsoagamethatisverycheaptoplay.（足球是一项简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。这也是一个非常便宜的游戏。）”和第四段“Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.（它足够有趣，可以吸引数百万人。）”可知，足球受欢迎是因为它简单、便宜和有趣。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What'smore,footballhasbecomeoneofthebestwaysforpeopletocommunicate.（更重要的是，足球已经成为人们交流的最好方式之一。）”可知，足球可以帮助人们交流。故选D。12．A

13．B

14．D【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了两种农业形式，即化学农业和有机农业，并对比了它们各自的优缺点。12．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.（此外，这些化学物质可以在土壤和地下水中保留很长时间。这会影响土地里生长的农作物，进而影响到以他们为食的人类）”可知，划线部分的单词应该表达“吃”的意义。故选A项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.（有机农业就是不使用任何化学肥料的农业。有机耕作的农民注重利用自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免除病害）”可知，和化学农业相比，有机农业的目的就是不借助于化学物质种植出口感更好的事物，同时保持土壤的肥沃和健康。故选B项。14．细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.（因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们餐桌上有足够的食物，同时尽可能地保持人类和环境的健康，仍然有很长的路要走）”可知，要保持充足的食物生产和健康保障之间的平衡还需要一段很长的时间。故选D项。15．C

16．D

17．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何根据科学交朋友。15．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Howeverlargeournetworksmaybe,ourinnercircletendstobemuchsmaller.（无论我们的人际网络有多大，我们的核心圈子往往要小得多。）”可知，从第2段，我们可以知道人们的核心圈子变小了，故选C。16．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Beyondthat,buildingdeeperfriendshipsmaybelargelyamatterofputtingintime.（除此之外，建立更深厚的友谊在很大程度上可能需要投入时间。）”可知，作者建议通过花时间和人建立更深厚的友谊来改善一个人的社交生活，故选D。17．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是题目“HowtoMakeFriends,AccordingtoScience（如何根据科学交朋友）”和第三段的“Sowhatshouldyoudoifyoursociallifeislacking?Heretheresearchis