2024年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与演练：阅读理解说明文

2024年中考英语二轮热点题型归纳与演练07阅读理解说明文

（名校模拟12篇）

（时间90分钟，满分100分）

一、阅读理解

（23-24九年级下•江苏南京•阶段练习）Whatisthemoststressfulpartofschool?Itisprobablytheexams.

Examscanputusunderalotofpressure.Butsomestudentsdobetterunderpressure,whileothersdonot.So,why

dosomestudentsperformbetterunderstress?

Itallcomesdowntodopamine（多巴胺）.Dopamineisachemicalinourbodythatsendssignalstothebrain.It

hasmanyimportantroles-itaffectsourmemory,attentionspanandhowwelearn.Ourbrainsworkbestwhen

thereisabalanceofdopamine-nottoomuchortoolittle.

Ourbrainscontroldopamineintwoways.Iteithertakesoutdopaminequicklyorgradually（逐渐地）.Exam

successcanbelinkedtohowfastdopaminegoesbacktoanevenbalance,accordingtonewresearchfromthe

UniversityofMissouri.

Whathappenswhenwetakeanexam?Ifyoubecomestressed,yourbrainwillstarttooverloadondopamine.

Itislikeacupoverflowingwithwater.Thequickeryouareabletogobacktoanevenbalanceofdopamine,the

quickeryoucanconcentrate,helpingyouperformbetteronatest.

Scientistsfoundthatduringatest,peoplewhoslowlygotbacktoanevenbalanceofdopaminescoredeight

percentlower.Thafsthedifferencebetweenagoodgradeandabadgrade.

Butdon'tfearthereisgoodnewsforeverystudent.Thestudyalsofoundthatthemorepracticeyouget,the

lessstressedyou'llbe.

So,itturnsoutthatpracticereallydoesmakeperfect.

1.Dopamineisachemicalinourbodythat.

A.weneedinordertothink

B.keepsourbrainsworking

C.sendssignalstothebrain

D.putsusunderalotofpressure

2.Whichareasdoesdopamineplayarolein?

①rememberingthings

②gettingenoughrest

(3)payingattentiontoteachers

(4)affectingthewaywelearn

A.①②③B.①③④C.②③④D.①②④

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"overload"mean?

A.raisethepressureofsomething

B.stopsomethingfromhappening

C.causingproblemsforsomeone

D.havetoomany/muchofsomething

4.Whydosomestudentsdobetterunderstress?

A.Becausetheyproducelessdopaminethanothers.

B.Becausetheycanbalancetheirdopaminemoreslowly.

C.Becausetheycansendalotofdopaminetotheirbrains.

D.Becausetheycanachieveabetterbalanceofdopaminequickly.

二、阅读理解

(23-24九年级下•江苏无锡•开学考试)Mostofthenewdiseaseswehumanshavefacedinthepastseveral

decadeshavecomefromanimals.Themorewecomeintocontactwithwildanimals,themoreweriskaso-called

disease“spillover“fromanimalstohumans.

“Aspeoplemoveandwildlifemoveinresponsetoachangingenvironment,humansandwildlifeandanimals

willcomeincontactmoreregularly,9,saidJeanneFairfromtheLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryinNewMexico.

Fairarguesthatbyshiftinganimalhabitats,climatechangewillalsomaketheopportunitiesfordiseasespillover

morefrequent(频繁的).""Everythingissortofshiftingandwillshiftintothefutureastheenvironmentchanges

throughclimatechange,“Fairsaid.

Scientists,includingclimatologistsandepidemiologistsonFair'steamatLasAlamoe,arebeginningtomodel

howchangestotheclimatewillimpactthespreadofinfectiousdiseases.Ifsearlydaysfbrthiskindofresearch,

butpreviousstudiessuggestthatextremeweatherhasalreadyplayedaroleinatleastoneoutbreak.Scientistssay

droughtanddeforestationhavecombinedtoforcebatsoutofrainforestsandintoorchards（果园）inMalaysiato

findfood.Thosebats,acommondiseasereservoir,thenpassedtheNipahvirusthroughpigstohumansforthefirst

timeinthelate1990s.

"We'regoingbythepastdatatoreallypredictwhafsgoingtohappeninthefuture,,,Fairsaid."Andso,

anytimeyouincreasethatwildlife-humaninterface,thafssortofanemergingdiseasehotspot.Andso,thafsjust

increasingaswegoforward.

JeffreyShaman,headoftheclimateandhealthprogramatColumbiaUniversity'spublichealthschool,argues

wedon'tyetknowwhetherclimatechangewillcauseanetincreaseininfectiousdiseaseratesglobally.For

example,mosquitoescarrydiseasethataffects（影响）millionsofpeopleacrosstheworldeveryyear.Astheir

habitatsexpandinsomepartsoftheworld,theymightcontractdiseaseselsewhere.Shamansayswhatweknowfor

certainaboutclimatechangeisthatitwillmakeithardertopredictwherediseaseoutbreakswillpopup.

5.HowdoesclimatechangeaffectthespreadofdiseaseaccordingtoFair?

A.Bybreakinganimals'habits.B.Byincreasinganimals9numbers.

C.Byimprovinganimals5breeding（M®）.D.Bychanginganimals9livingenvironment.

6.Whatistheexampleofbatsforinparagraph3?

A.ExplainingtheinfluenceofNipahvirus.

B.Provingtheharmofbatstohumanbeings.

C.Showingtheeffectsofclimatechangeondisease.

D.Presentingscientists5earlystudyaboutthecauseofdisease.

7.Whatcanweinfer（推断）fromFair'swordsinparagraph4?

A.Humansshouldgiveupstudyinganimals.

B.Frequentcontactwithanimalscancausediseaseoutbreaks.

C.Diseasehotspotswilldisappearifanimalsdieout.

D.Pastdatacansolvetheproblemsinthefuture.

8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ClimateChangeandDiseaseSpilloverB.Animals9InteractionwithHumans

C.Scientists9PredictionforDiseaseOutbreaksD.EarlyStudiesaboutExtremeWeather

三、阅读理解

（23-24九年级上•江苏宿迁•期末）Bigdata（大数据）isalotofsets（组）ofinformationthatareputtogether,

sotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Theprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersinthedata.Bigdata

canhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources（来源），suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,

socialmediasites,companiesandgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople'snamesandaddresses.Another

setcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputer.

Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesor

trains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsystemsbetter.Someschoolsusebigdatatounderstand

whichchildrenmayneedextrahelpinclass.Theteachercanthengivecertainstudentsmorehelporsupportso

theycansucceedinschool.Companiesusebigdata,too.Ithelpsthemunderstandwhobuystheirproducts.For

example,onecompanyusesweatherdatatoseewhenpeopleeatthemosticecream.

Bigdatacanbeusedforgoodreasons.Somehospitalsusebigdatatopredict（预测）ifababywhoisbomtoo

earlywillgetsick.Thehospitalcanthentakeextraactiontotakecareofthatbaby,sothebabydoesnotgetsick.

Bigdatacanalsobeusedforbadreasons.Itcanbeusedtopredictwhichkindsofpeoplearelikelytobreakthelaw

orhurtothers,eveniftheyhavenotdoneanythingwrong.

9.WhatkindofinformationmaybeincludedinbigdatafromParagraph1?

A.People'saddresses.B.People'splans.

C.People'sminds.D.People'spersonalities.

10.HowdoesthewritershowhisideasinParagraph2?

A.Byshowingnumbers.B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Bytellingstories.D.Bydrawingmindmaps.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they",referto?

A.Studentsatschool.B.Studentswhosucceedinschool.

C.Somecertaintopstudents.D.Studentswhoneedmorehelpthanothers.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Bigdata,goodorbad?B.Bigdata-Besthelper

C.FactsaboutbigdataD.Manysourcesofbigdata

四、阅读理解

（22-23九年级下•江苏盐城•期中）Aspoonofpickles（榨菜）cansometimesmakeamealtastebetter.

Recently,anewtypeofpickleisbeingdiscussed:"digitalpickles^^.Itreferstothevideosthatpeoplewatchwhile

eatingthatmaketheirfoodseemtastier.

Thetopicreceivedmorethan16millionclicksonSinaWeiboandabout100,000peoplejoinedinthe

discussion.Insteadofhavingmealswithfriendsandfamilymembers,manyyoungpeopleinChinaarekept

companybyTVshowsorshortvideos.Manybelievethattheirfoodistastierwiththe"digitalpickles”.

Canthishabitaffectyourdiet?Accordingtoarecentresearch,youmayeatmore!Theinternationalresearch

teamasked62volunteerstofollowdifferenteatinghabitsduringfourdays,includingeatingwhilelookingatthe

mobilephone,readingmagazinesandwithoutdistraction（干扰）.Theresultsshowedthatvolunteerswhoatewitha

distractiontookinmuchmorecalorie（卡路里）.

Tofindoutthereason,theteamalsoinvitedtwogroupsofpeople:onegroupatewhilelisteningtoanaudio

clip（音频剪辑）aboutanotherpersoneating,andtheotherlistenedtoaclipthatmadethemthinkaboutthefood

theywereeating.Theresultsshowedthatthesecondgroupatelesssincetheyweremorefocusedontheirmeals.

Wheneatingwiththe“digitalpickles”,ourattentioncanbedistracted.Wearelessabletonoticethatweareeating

much,whichleadstoeatingmorethanexpectedunconsciously.

Thisworksnotonlyforaudiosandvideos,butotherdifficulttasksaswell.Anotherresearchprojectledbythe

UniversityofSussex,UK,pointedoutthatactivitieswhichneedlotsofattention,trickmanypeopleintoovereating.

Theteaminvited120peopletododifferenttaskswhileprovidingthemwithdrinksandsnacks."Ourstudy

suggeststhatifyou5reeatingordrinkingwhileyourattentionisdistractedbyaverydifficulttask,you'relesslikely

tobeabletotellhowfullyouoneoftheauthorsMartinYeomansexplained.

13.Whatdo"digitalpickles"referto（指的是）accordingtothepassage?

A.Anewtypeoftastyvegetables.B.Videospeoplewatchwhileeating.

C.Electronicproductspopularonline.D.Digitalgamessuitableforfamilies.

14.Whydopeopleeatmorewith""digitalpickles^^accordingtothetext?

A.Theyaremorefocusedontheirmeals.B.Theyaredistractedby"digitalpickles”.

C.Thefoodtastesbetterwith“digitalpickles”.D.The"digitalpickles“makethemfeelhungrier.

15.Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword"unconsciously“inParagraph4?

A.Unwillingly.B.Unusually.C.Unknowingly.D.Uncertainly.

16.Whydoestheauthormentionadifferentstudyinthelastparagraph?

A.Toexplainhowtodecideyouarefull.B.Todescribetheinfluenceof"'digitalpickles”.

C.Toshowhowtoavoidbeingdistracted.D.Togiveanothercasethatcausesovereating.

五、阅读理解

（23-24九年级上•江苏无锡・期末）

Imagineanislandwherethereareagreaternumberofcatsthantherearepeople.Doesitsoundlikesomething

fromacartoonoramanga（日本漫画）story?WelcometoTashirojima,asmallislandinthePacificOceanoffthe

coastofJapan.Ifsagreatplacetobeacat.Notonlydoesthecatpopulationnumberinthethousands,muchlarger

thantheisland'shumanpopulationofabout100,butthesecatsaretakencareofbybothlocalpeopleandtourists.

TheJapaneselovecats.Therearecatshrines（神庙）alloverJapan,andmanyofthecountry'sfolktales

featurecatsaswell.___▲?

Atonetime,theisland'smainindustrywasfishing.Thefishingnetsweremadeofsilk,andthefishermen

raisedsilkwormstoproducethesilkforthesenets.Theykeptcatsaroundtokillmice,whichwerethepredatorsof

thesilkworms.Inordertogetfood,thecatswouldalsovisitthehotelswherethefishermenfromotherislands

wouldbestaying.Thefishermenbecamefondofthecatsandstartedwatchingthemallthetime,thinkingthatthe

cats'actionscouldtellthemtheweatherorthemovementsofthefishintheocean.

Astoryistoldthatoneday,afishermanwascollectingrockstoholddownhisfishingnetwhenoneofthe

rocksdroppedfromhishandsandaccidentallykilledacat.Thefishermanfeltsobadaboutitthatheburied（埋葬）

thecatinthecenteroftheislandandbuiltashrinetocatsthere.TheshrineiscalledNeko-jinja,andbyleaving

offeringsforthecatgod”,fishermenhopeforagoodcatchandfortheirsafety.

WordsoonspreadaboutCatIsland,andtouristscametogethertoseeandplaywiththethousandsofcatsthat

wouldwalkdowntheisland'sstreetsorsitonthedoorstepsofpeople'shomes.JapanesemangaartistShotaro

Ishinomoribuiltseveralmanga-relatedbuildingsontheisland,mostofwhichlookedlikecats.Thesedeveloped

intoatouristattraction,withguestsstayinginthecat-shapedhouses.Sincethen,manymovies,televisionseriesand

documentarieshavebeenmadeaboutTashirojima,whichhashelpedbringinevenmorevisitors.

SothenexttimeyouseeacatloverlookingfortheCtpurrfecf,vacationspot,recommendtothematripto

Tashirojima,Japan'sCatIsland.

17.Whatinformationcanwegetfromthispassage?

A.TheexactnumberofcatsonCatIsland.B.ThereasonwhyNeko-jinjiagotitsname.

C.Themethodofbuildingcat-shapedhouses.D.Thematerialoffishingnetsinearliertimes.

18.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisthemostsuitablefor__▲?

A.ButwherecanweseethemostcatsinJapan?

B.ButhowdidTashirojimagettobeCatIsland?

C.SowhydoJapanesepeoplelovecatssomuch?

D.SowhobuiltthefirstcatshrineonTashirojima?

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predators“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.enemiesB.friendsC.producersD.protectors

20.Whafsthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.TointroduceCatIslandinJapan.B.TotellusthehistoryofCatIsland.

C.ToshowusthelifeofcatsinJapan.D.Toencouragepeopletoprotectcats.

六、阅读理解

（2024•陕西西安•三模）Recently,aresearchonhowanewvirtualrealityVR（虚拟现实）experienceeducated

childrenaboutthefiredisasters（灾害）wasdone.ThenewVRexperiencewasdevelopedbytheUniversityof

SouthAustralia,hopingtoeducatechildrentolearnhowtobesafeinafire.Itpresentsasituationforchildrenaged

10-12.Inthesituation,theyaretaskedtolookafterafriend^dogjustbeforeafireeventbegins.Theytakepartina

setofproblem-solvingactivitiestohelpsaveandprotectthemselvesandthedog.

Thefindingsshowedthatover80%ofchildrencouldcalmlytelltheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferent

choices.Theyalsolearnedtomakewisedecisionstoprotectthemselvesfromafire.Childrenthoughtitespecially

importantandmeaningful,because91%ofthemdidn'thaveknowledgeoffiresatthebeginning,and67%hadsaid

thattheyweretooyoungtomakesafetydecisionsinafire.

TheresearchersbelievedsuchVRexperiencesmadeitpossibletoengage,educateandempowertheyoung.

“Aschildrenborninmoderntimes,theyareinterestedinsuchtechnologyandtheycanexperienceeventsinareal

situationyetwithinthesafeenvironment,9,saidDeleneWeber,oneoftheresearchers."Well-designedVRcan

providechildrenwithsurprisinglyvaluablelearningtools.9,

Meanwhile,becausechildrenhavefewerlifeexperiences,aren'tasphysicallystrong,they'reoftenmostat

risk.However,therolethatchildrenplayinthefiresafetyattheirhomesshouldnotbeunderestimated（彳氐估）.

（"Childrendon'tneedtobealwayswaitingforhelpindisasters.WiththeseVRexperiences,wecanmakechildren

understandtherisksandrealizetheycanhelp,^^saidWeber.

21.WhafsthepurposeofthenewVRexperience?

A.Todescribechildren'sreactionstofiredisasters.

B.Toteachchildrentosavethemselvesinafire.

C.Tointroducewaysofavoidingafiretochildren.

D.Toincreasechildren'sinterestinVRexperiences.

22.Fromthefindings,whafsthechildren'sattitude（态度）towardsthenewVRexperience?

A.Doubtful.B.Worried.

C.Uncertain.D.Supportive.

23.Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“engage“inPara.3?

engage/en^eidj/

verbengaged,engaging.

①todrawone'sattentionandkeeptheminterested

②togivesomebodyajob

③tobeginfightingwithsomebody

（4）tofitonepartofamachineintoanothersotheycanwork

A.①B.②C.③D.@

24.FromPara.3,wemainlygettoknowtheofthenewVRexperience.

A.developmentB.advantages

C.qualityD.introduction

七、阅读理解

（2024.山东泰安•一模）

Imagineaperfectday:theweatherisgoodandeverythingseemsfine.When,suddenly,yourcellphoneloses

itssignal,thetelevisionhasnoprograms,andyoucan'tgetonlinewithyourcomputer.

Whathashappened?Thesearejustthetypesofproblemsasolar（太阳）stormmightcause.Itmaynotsound

asseriousasothernaturaldisasters,suchasearthquakes.Buttoday,asolarstormoftenputsoursocietyindanger.

Asolarstormiscausedbysolarflares:largesuddenburningnearthesun.Itcangiveofflotsofenergy.The

strongenergycanstopthesatellitesystems（系统）thatoperateourcomputers,telecomnetworksandsoon.These

stormscanevencausethepowertogooutforweeksormonths.

Inthepastfewmonths,scientistshaverecordedsomeofthestrongestsunflaresinyears.Themostrecentone

happenedaroundValentine'sDay.ItcausedradioandsatellitesignalstogodowninsomenortherncitiesinChina.

“Solarflareactivityisgoingtobemuchworsethanwhatwe'veseeninthepast.We'renottalkingaboutafew

citieslosingpower.Itcouldbehalfthecountry,maybemore.^^SolarStormWaming.com,aUSwebsiteaboutspace

weather,warned.

Expertssaythatlittlecanbedonetopredictsuchastorm.Governmentsaroundtheworldaretryingtowork

togetherbeforethenextstorm,althoughtheyarenotsurewhenthatmayhappen.

25.Accordingtothearticle,howlongcanasolarstormcausepowercuts?

A.Foryears.B.Forweeksormonths.

C.Foraday.D.Forseveralhours.

26.Accordingtothepassage,solarflaresare.

A.telecomputernetworksB.solarstorms

C.largeexplosionsnearthesunD.theenergyofthesun

27.Fromthepassage,therightorderofthefollowingis.

a.Solarflaresgiveofflotsofenergy.

b.Peoplecan'tgetonlinewiththeircomputers.

c.Solarstormshappen.

d.Satellitesystemsarestopped.

A.a-b-c-dB.c-b-a-dC.c-a-b-dD.a-c-d-b

28.Thisarticlemainlytellsus.

A.somefactsaboutasolarstorm

B.howtopredictasolarstorm

C.theweatherisgoodandeverythingseemsfineonaperfectday

D.somethingaboutwhywecan'tgetonlinewithourcomputers

八、阅读理解

（2024•辽宁鞍山•二模）Perhapsmoneycansometimesbuyhappinessbuttherearealsomanyotherwaysto

makeyouhappy.Youcanincreasethehappinessinyourlifewithinminutesbytakingmorenoticeofthingsthat

makeyouhappy.Herearesomeofthem.

团Life

It'seasytoforgetaboutthefact-thatyouarealiveisitselfamiracle（奇迹）.Astheoldsayinggoes"Every

dayabovegroundisagoodday”.

团Friendship

Almosteveryonehasfriends,althoughifseasytolosenewsaboutthemintherushofevents.Today,takea

fewminutestoreconnect（重新联系）withsomeofthem.

团Family

Ifyou'vegotagoodrelationshipwithyourfamily,enjoyit!You'reexperiencingoneofthedeepestsources

（来源）ofhappinessontheplanet.

[?]Self-reliance

Feelingsafetythatyoucandependonyourselftocompletewhatyousetouttocompletecreatesquietbut

stronghappiness.

[?]Laughter

Itisimpossibletolaughandbesadatthesametime.Regulardosesoflaughteraremorethanmedicine.Ifs

theflavoroflife.

[7]Gratitude

Bethankfulforthewonderfulthingsalreadyinyourlife,insteadoffocusingonwhatyoudon'thaveorwhafs

outofreach.

29.Howdoyouincreasethehappinessinyourlifeaccordingtothepassage?

A.BychattingwithstrangersontheInternet.

B.Bydependingonparentsallthetime.

C.Byspendingalotoftimeshopping.

D.Byreconnectingfriends.

30.Howdoyouunderstandtheoldsaying“Everydayabovegroundisagoodday”?

A.Thedaywhenyouarealiveisawonderfulday.

B.Thedaywhenyoucanstandisawonderfulday.

C.Thedaywhenyouaretravelingisawonderfulday.

D.Thedaywhenyouaresmilingisawonderfulday.

31.Whyisyourfamilyveryimportantinyourlife?

A.Becauseyourparentsloveyouverymuch.

B.Becauseyoucanalwaysdependonyourfamily.

C.Becauseit'soneofthedeepestsourcesofhappiness.

D.Becauseyoucan'talwaysstaywithyourfamily.

32.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.MoneyCanBuyHappinessB.TheWaystoMakeYourselfHappy

C.TrytoMakeYourselfHappyD.LoveYaurself;LoveLife

九、阅读理解

(2024•安徽合月巴•——模)Recently,aresearchteamfromNanjingAgriculturalUniversityhasinventedXunzi,a

largelanguagemodel(LLM)andXunziChatalongwithGulian,aleadingancientChinesetextpublisher.

Whenaskedwhyheandhispartnersmadethelargelanguagemodel,WangDongbo,theleaderoftheresearch

team,explainedthat"'traditionalChinesecharacters,thetop-to-downdesign,theabsenceofpunctuation（标点）are

alldifficultiesthatreadershavetogetoverwhentheyreadtraditionaltexts”.

TocreateXunzitheLLM,Wangandhispartnersfirstneededtodoalotofresearch.Since2013,histeamhas

workedhardtodigitizeChineseclassicsliketheSikuQuanshu.uThehardworkincludesalargecorpus（语料库）

oftwobillionChinesecharacters,whichisnecessaryforthelargelanguagemodel,9,saidWang.

Buttheireffortsseemtohavepaidoff.NowXunzitheLLMcanmark,translate,punctuate,andunderstand

partsofancientChinesetexts.Itcanevensearchforspecificinformation,suchasnames,events,andplacesfroma

text.

WangandhisteamhavesharedtheLLMonGitHubandotherwebsites,allowinguserstodownloadanduseit

forfree."WehopethiswillencouragemorepeopletoenjoythebeautyoftraditionalChineseculture,Wang

explained.

33.WhichisdifficulttoreadaccordingtoWangDongbo?

7-

34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutXunzitheLLM?

A.Alargecorpuscanbebuiltonit.

B.Theteamhasputgreateffortsintoit.

C.Wecangetinformationonitaswelike.

D.ItwasdevelopedbyGulianandGitHub.

35.Whatdoesa4this^^referto?

A.Readingmoderntexts.B.Searchingforinformation.

C.SharingtheLLMforfree.D.Publishingtextsonwebsites.

36.Whafsthebesttitle?

A.UncoverancienttextsB.Developreadingability

C.EnjoyChinesecultureD.InventChinesecharacters

十、阅读理解

（2024•陕西西安•一模）Ifscommonknowledgethatspidersusetheirwebs（网）tocatchinsects.However,

somespidershavedevelopedotherusesfortheirwebs.OnesuchspideristheEuropeanwaterspider,whichusesits

webtobreatheunderwater.

TheEuropeanwaterspiderspendsmostofitslifeunderwater.Itgivesbirthtoababy,caresforitsyoung,and

feedsoninsectsunderwater.Sinceitneedstobreathe,thespidercarefullykeepstheairinsideitsweb.Thisiswhat

allowsittostayunderwaterforalongtime.

Thewebislikeaballoonwithaholeinthebottom（底音B）.This"balloon“keepstheairinsideandallowsthe

spidertogetinandoutthroughthebottomtocatchnearbyinsects.Infact,thewaterspider?swebworksmuchthe

sameasadivingbell,anearlykindofsubmarine（潜水艇）.Divingbellswerelargebellssuppliedwithairfroma

hose（软管）runningtothewater'ssurface.Theairkeptthewaterfromfillingupthebell,andpeoplecouldgoin

andoutthroughtheopenbottom.Becauseofthisquality,waterspidersaresometimesknownas“divingbell

spiders”.

Althoughtheweballowsthewaterspidertostayunderwaterforalongtime,sometripstothesurfaceare

necessary.Whenthewebneedsmorefreshair,thespiderpushesthewebandletstheoldairgoout.Then,itswims

tothesurfacetocollectsmallfreshairbubbles（气泡）andkeepstheminthehairsonitsstomachandlegs.Finally,

itgoesbackdowntofillthewebagain.

37.Thewriterstartsthepassageby.

A.givinganexampleB.tellingastory

C.listingsomenumbersD.askingsomequestions

38.Theunderlinedword/suppliedwith“means""inParagraph3.

A.afraidofB.tiredofC.emptyofD.fullof

39.Inwhichparagraphcanyouknowwhatwaterspidersdoformorefreshair?

A.Paragraph3.B.Paragraph2.C.Paragraph4.D.Paragraph1.

40.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Differentkindsofspiders.B.Aspecialspiderweb.

C.Anearlykindofsubmarine.D.Thewonderfulunderwaterworld.

十一、阅读理解

（23-24九年级下•江苏泰州•开学考试）①Asmileshowsthatapersonishappy.Forexample,apersonmay

smilewhenheispleasedwithagradeonatest.Orapersonmightsmileifafriendtoldafunnyjoke.Peoplesmile

formanydifferentreasons.Butsmilesaremorethanjustawayforpeopletoshowthattheyarehappy.Thereare

othergoodreasonstosmileoften.

②First,itiseasiertosmilethantoshowunhappiness.Infact,itonlytakes17muscles（肌肉）tosmile.Butit

takes43musclestoshowunhappiness.Sogivethemusclesinyourfacearestandsmile!

©Second,smilesarenice.Peoplemaytrytolookniceontheoutsidebywearingniceclothes.However,there

isafamoussaying:.Thatisbecauseitiseasytobearoundsomeonewhoissmilingandhappy.Almost

noonewantstobearoundsomeonewhoisunhappyallthetime.

④Third,smilesarehelpful.Bothsmilingandlaughingcanquicklyspreadfromonepersontoanother.Ifone

personsmiles,peoplearoundhimwanttosmile,too.Similarly,whenapersonlaughs,peopletend（倾向）tolaugh

withhim.Ifapersonissad,thebestthingtodoistoshareasmileorlaugh.Itistheeasiestandcheapestwayto

cheersomeoneup.Usuallynobodywouldliketoturndowntheinvitati