2022北京高一(上)期末英语汇编：阅读理解D篇

第12页/共12页2022北京高一（上）期末英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2022·北京西城·高一期末）Ifthereisoneplaceyoudon’twanttostickyourfinger,it’sthemouthofaPacificlingcod.Thesefearsomefishhavearound500needleliketeethstickingoutofjaws(颌)thatarestrongenoughtocrushcrustaceans(甲壳动物).Howlingcodmaintainthesharpnessoftheirterrifyingteethhaslongbeenapuzzle.Butastudy,publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.Foralingcod,that’supto20teethreplaceddaily.Inordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth,Ms.Cohen,acoauthorofthenewstudy,andhercolleagueskept20lingcodattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLaboratoriesandtrackedhowmanyteeththeylostandregrewoverseveraldays.Thefishwereplacedinatankofseawatermixedwithareddye(染料)thatcoloredtheirteeth,thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup,thefishwereplacedinatankcontainingagreendyeandthenexamined.Theteeththatwerepresentsincethestartoftheexperimentwerebothredandgreen,whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.Aftercollectingandexaminingatotalof10,000teeth,thescientistswereabletodeterminehowquicklylingcodlostandregrewtheirteethandwhichteethwerereplacedmostoften.Lingcod,likemostfish,havetwosetsofjaws:oraljawsandpharyngealjaws.Theiroraljawsareusedtocatchfoodwhiletheirpharyngealjaws,whicharepositionedintheirthroats,areusedtochewtheirfoodandmoveitfromtheirmouthstothestomach.Ms.Carr,theleadauthor,andcolleaguesfoundthatteetharereplacedmorefrequentlyinthebackofthemouth,wheremostofthechewingandcrushingtakeplace.Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy,saysKoryEvans,afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston.“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.Sohavingtheabilitytoshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant.”Dr.Evanssaid,“Inordertomakeitasalingcod,youneedsharppointyteethandallyourteethneedtobeonpoint.”1．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Whatroleseawaterplayed. B．Whatconclusionwasreached.C．Howthestudywasconducted. D．Howteethchangedtheircolors.2．Accordingtothepassage,lingcod’steetharereplaced___________.A．every10days B．tobetterhuntforfoodC．fasterintheoraljaw D．withbiggerandsharperones3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shed”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Repair. B．Sharpen. C．Lose. D．Examine.4．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofafish.B．Tointroducethefindingsofanewstudy.C．Tostresstheimportanceofreplacingteeth.D．Tosuggestnewwaystoconductstudiesonfish.（2022·北京平谷·高一期末）AnewUniversityCollegeLondon-ledstudyfindsthatstaringatadeepredlightforthreeminutesadaycangreatlyimprovedeclining(下降)eyesight.Scientistsbelievethediscovery,publishedintheJournalofGerontology,couldsignalthedawnofnewaffordablehome-basedeyetherapies(治疗)helpingmillionsofpeoplegloballywithnaturallydecliningvision.Doctorssayathree-minutedailydoesofthespecialredlightfortwoweekscouldhelpimproveage-relatedvisionproblems.However,theysaynotanyredlightwillhelpimproveeyesight.Theleadauthor,ProfessorGlenJefferysaid,"Istronglysuggestthatpeopleshouldnotjustgoandbuyaredlightonline.Theyhavetoproducetherightwavelength.Wearelookingforacommercialpartnertodothisandtopricethemat$20to$25."ThestudywascarriedoutbyateamfromUniversityCollegeLondon.Researchersconductedtestson24menandwomenagedbetween28and72.Theysaidsomecellsthatcouldhelpusprocesslighthadbecomeworseintheolderpeople.Doctorssaytheredlightimprovedtheabilityofthesepeopletodetectdifferentcolors,particularlyblue.Thevisionoftheseolderpeopleimprovedbyasmuchas22percent,Jeffreysaid,"Populationsareageingrapidlyandthisisgoingtobeamajorissueinthefuture.Weneedtogetreadyforthis."Headded,"Ifyoucan'tseeclearly,youcan'treadorwatchTV.Youalsotendtofalldownandbreakbones.Ourlightsareastepinthisdirection."5．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Toleadtothemaintopic. B．Todiscussthestudy.C．Tointroduceauniversity. D．Togivesomeadvice.6．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A．Redlightonlylaststhreeminutes.B．Theredlightwiththerightwavelengthcanbehelpful.C．Everyoneneedstobuyaredlightonline.D．Doctorsneedpartnerstosellredlights.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theproblemofpopulations. B．Theprocessandresultsofthestudy.C．Thevisionoftheoldpeople. D．Theusageofdifferentcolors.8．Wheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?A．Amedicalmagazine. B．Astorybook.C．Abookreview. D．Ahistorybook.（2022·北京房山·高一期末）SHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologisedfortheaccident,butthefamiliesofthedeceasedsaiditwasnotenough.Nevertheless,thecompanystillclaimedthatmostpeoplewouldbetravellingindriverlesscarsonedaysoon.Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.Probablythemostwell-knownaretheChristianslivinginruralAmerica.Theydonotownordrivecars,watchTV,orusetheInternet.Theyhavelivedmainlyasfarmerssincethe18thcentury,andtheywillprobablybelivingthesamewayinthedistantfuture.Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.Theythinkthatisbetterthancaringaboutluxuriesorfollowingthelivesoftherichandfamous.ItcouldevenbearguedthattheAmish’squalityoflifeisbettersincetheyliveinandappreciatethenaturalenvironmentratherthanlivinginlarge,pollutedcities.Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.Forexample,thelatestweather-trackingcomputerprogrammesgivepeoplelotsofwarningsaboutpotentialnaturaldisasters,whichsavesmanylives.Moreover,theInternethasmadeitpossibleforfriendsandfamilytokeepintoucheasilyeveniftheyareonoppositesidesoftheworld.Ithasalsomadefindingopportunitiesinlifemucheasier,asitallowspeopletomakelargernetworksoffriendsthroughusingsocialmedia.Personally,Ihavebenefitedquitealotfromtechnologicaladvances.IfoundmycareerasanAIdesignerthroughasocialmedianetwork.Myhealthmonitor,whichIwearallthetime,hasalsohelpedmegetintothebestshapeofmylife.Ofcourse,whennewtechnologychangesthewaywelive,itcanbeascaryprospect.Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.9．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningdriverlesscarsinParagraph1?A．Thehotissueaboutnewtechnology.B．Thedangeraboutnewtechnology.C．Thevalueaboutnewtechnology.D．Thesafetyaboutnewtechnology.10．WhichlifestyledotheChristianslivinginruralAmericaadvocate?A．Caringaboutluxuries.B．Reducingtheneedoflife.C．Livinginaremotemountainarea.D．Focusingontheinteractionbetweenpeople.11．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Toillustratehowitisbettertousethedriverlesscar.B．Toprovethatthenewtechnologywillbringthedangers.C．Todiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnewtechnology.D．Topersuadepeopletostopcontinuingthenewwayoftraveling.12．What’stheauthor’sattitudeabouttechnologicaladvances?A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent.（2022·北京市怀柔区教科研中心高一期末）Eachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcarsonroadsandstreetsasmillionsofnewcarsandtrucksareproduced.OneoutofeverysixAmericansworksatputtingtogetherthepartsofcars,drivingtrucks,buildingroadsorfillingcarsandtruckswithgas.Americanswon’tlivewithoutcars!MostAmericanswouldfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldlooklikewithoutcars.However,somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemsoftheairpollutionthatiscausedbythecar.Thepollutedairbecomespoisonousanddangeroustohealth.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.That’swhatseveralofthelargecarfactorieshavebeentryingtodo.Buttobuildacleancariseasiersaidthandone.Progressinthisfieldhasbeenslow.Anotherwayistotaketheplaceofthecarenginebysomethingelse.Inventorsarenowworkingonsteamcarsaswellaselectriccars.Manymakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopapracticalmodelthatpleasesman.Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,we’llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofuslive.Americans,forexample,areencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbybicycle.Bicyclingisthoughttohelpkeeptheairclean.Butthischangedoesnotcomeeasily.Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.Thustheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment.Althoughcarshaveledustoabetterlife,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.13．Howmanywaystogetridofairpollutionaresuggestedinthisarticle?A．Four. B．Three.C．Two. D．One.14．Ifthenumberofcarsiscutdown,themostseriousproblemtoAmericanworkersis______.A．tohavenoworktodo B．tokeeptheaircleanC．togetabetterlife D．togotoworkbybike15．Whatistheconclusion(结论)ofthewriter?A．Bicyclingistheonlywayout.B．Thenumberofcarsmustbecutdown.C．Carsbringusnothingbutseriousproblems.D．Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutseriousproblems.（2022·北京师大附中高一期末）LessonsintheLostArtofListeningWhenwasthelasttimeyoulistenedtosomeone?Andwhenwasthelasttimesomeonereallylistenedtoyou?Ionceaskedpeoplewhatitmeanttobeagoodlistener.Thetypicalresponsewasablankstare.Ofcourse,technologyplaysarole.Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?Theloudunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsostopsusfromlistening.Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhattheysayisrelatedtoyou.It’snotaboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Alotoflisteninghastodowithhowyourespond—thedegreetowhichyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,haveaclearmindofyourown.Goodlistenersaskgoodquestions.Theyengageinexploringthetopic,nottodivertattention.Therearecuriousquestionslike“Wouldn’tyouagree…?”or“Don’tyouthink…?”Thesequestionshavestrongtendencies.Theywillgreatlyinfluencetheotherpersontochangehisorherview.Andyou’dbetterstayawayfromsomepersonalquestionslike“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”or“Whatpartoftowndoyoulivein?”Justtrytofindoutwhatexcitespeople.Askaboutthelastmovietheysaworforthestorybehindapieceofjewelrythey’rewearing.Alsogoodareexpansivequestions,suchas,“Ifyoucouldspendamonth,wherewouldyougo?”Researchindicatesthatwhenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachotherwellaskeachotherthistypeofquestion,theyfeelmoreconnectedthaniftheyspendtimetogetherachievingatask.Becauseourbraincanthinkalotfasterthanpeoplecantalk,becarefulwiththetendencytotakementalsidetripswhenyouarelistening.Smartpeople’sattentioniseasilytakenawaybytheirownrunawaythoughts.Theymayalsoassumetheyalreadyknowwhattheotherpersonisgoingtosay.Therewardofgoodlisteningwillcertainlybemoreinterestingconversations.Researchershavefoundthatattentivelistenersreceivemoreinformationfromspeakers,evenwhentheydon’taskanyquestions.Weare,eachofus,thesumofwhatweattendtoinlife.Thegentlevoiceofamotherandthecriticismofabossbothultimatelyformandshapeus.Andtolistenpoorly,selectivelyornotatalllimitsyourunderstandingoftheworldandpreventsyoufrombecomingthebestyoucanbe.16．Oneofthefactorsthatinfluencelisteningisthat________.A．ourconfidenceinlisteningisdecreasing B．ourspeechcreatesalotofnoisearoundusC．listeningskillsareseldomtaughtinschool D．textingcausesabettereffectthanphonecalls17．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Whytheartoflisteninggetslostbyitself. B．Whyeffectivemethodsareusedinlistening.C．Howpeoplemakethemselveswellunderstood. D．Howpeoplecanreclaimthelostartoflistening.18．Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldpeopledowhentheyarelistening?A．Avoidbeingabsent-minded. B．Comeupwithcuriousquestions.C．Focusonthespeaker’spersonalinformation. D．Trytofindcommoninterestswiththespeaker.19．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Listeningandspeakingdeserveequalattention.B．Goodlistenersmaximizethebenefitsforthemselves.C．Badlisteningultimatelycontributestopeople’sfailure.D．Listeners’clearmindfacilitatesspeakers’expressionofthoughts.（2022·北京昌平·高一期末）Todealwithabigenvironmentalproblem,chemistshavebeenthinkingsmall.Reallysmall.Theirnewtinyrobothasonepurpose:tohelpcleanuptinybitsofplastic(塑料的)pollutingwaterwaysacrosstheworld.Eachnewmicrorobotisnobiggerthanthetipofasharpenedpencil.Theyaremagnetic(磁的)andshapedlikestars.Whensunlighthitsthem,theyproducechemicalreactions(化学反应)thatpushthemthroughwaterinaspecificdirection.Whentheyfindapieceofplastic,theycatchitandstarttobreakitdown.Whenthelightsgoout,theyletgoandarefreetobeusedagain.Inanewstudy,thescientistsreportedthattheserobotscaneitherbreakdownapieceofmicroplasticorholdontoittobecollectedlater.ChemistMartinPumeraattheCzechUniversityofChemistryandTechnologyinPragueledtheproject.Hestudieswaystobuildmicrorobots.Hesays:“Let’smakethemdosomethinguseful.”Pumerachosetocenterontheproblemcausedbymicroplastics.It’sabigproblem.Thesearetinybitsofplastic,usuallynowiderthanthetopofapencileraser.Andthey’reeverywhere—fromthebottomoftheoceantoairblowingontoiceatthetopofmountains.They’veturnedupindrinkingwater,bothbottledandtapwater.Somestudiesfoundthattoomanypiecesofplasticendupintheworld’swaters.Plasticdoesn’teasilydegrade(分解)orfallapart.That’salwaysbeenoneofitsstudypoints.Pumerasayshisfinalgoalistomakecheapandenvironmentally-friendlyrobotsthatcanbeusedanywhereintheworld.Hethoughtthatatfirsttheymightbemostusefulinplantsthattreatwastewater.Theretheycanremoveplasticbeforeitreachesopenwater.Inlabexperiments,thestar-shapedswimmerscatcheachoffourdifferenttypesofplastic.Andafteraweekexposed(暴露)tolight,therobotshadreducedtheweightoftheplastics.Itwasn’tmuch—onlyby3percent.Butthatwasasign

theywerebreakingtheplasticdown.Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Therearemanytypesofplastics.Andeventhesemicrorobotsareunlikelytosucceedindegradingthemall.Theresearchersalsohavenotyetshownhowsafethissystemisfortheenvironment,althoughPumerasaysthat’stheirnextgoal.Thefirstreal-worldtestwillbeinawastewater-treatmentplant.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A．Microrobots. B．Stars. C．Pencils. D．Microplastics.21．Paragraph4ismainlyabout_______.A．theexperimentcarriedoutbyPumeraB．thefunctionsthatthemicrorobotholdsC．theplaceswheremicroplasticsusuallyturnupD．thereasonwhyPumerainventedthemicrorobot22．Accordingtothepassagemicrorobots______.A．canbreakdownplasticsinthedarkB．provetobemostusefulinopenwaterC．donoharmtotheenvironmentatpresentD．needfurthertestingbeforetheyareputintouse23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toencouragepeopletofindmoresolutionstopollutions.B．Topresentanewwayofbreakingdownmicroplastics.C．Tostresstheimportanceofprotectingthewater.D．Toexplainaseriousenvironmentalproblem.

参考答案1．C

2．B

3．C

4．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。1．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Inordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth,Ms.Cohen,acoauthorofthenewstudy,andhercolleagueskept20lingcodattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLaboratoriesandtrackedhowmanyteeththeylostandregrewoverseveraldays.Thefishwereplacedinatankofseawatermixedwithareddye(染料)thatcoloredtheirteeth,thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup,thefishwereplacedinatankcontainingagreendyeandthenexamined.Theteeththatwerepresentsincethestartoftheexperimentwerebothredandgreen,whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.(为了确定鳕鱼换牙的频率，这项新研究的合著者科恩女士和她的同事们在华盛顿大学的周五港实验室保存了20条灵鳕鱼，并跟踪了几天内它们失去和再生的牙齿数量。这些鱼被放置在一个海水中混合了一种红色染料的水箱里，这些染料可以给它们的牙齿上色，然后再回到正常的水箱中10天。10天过后，这些鱼被放置在一个装有绿色染料的容器中，然后进行检测。实验开始后出现的牙齿是红色和绿色的，而新牙齿只有绿色。)”可知，本段陈述研究是如何进行的。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy,saysKoryEvans,afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston.“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.Sohavingtheabilitytoshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant.”(休斯顿莱斯大学的鱼类生态学家KoryEvans说，鳕鱼更换牙齿的方式可能对它们的狩猎策略至关重要。“鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。所以拥有牙齿脱落和更换的能力是非常重要的。”)”可知，鳕鱼的牙齿被替换是为了更好地寻找食物。故选B。3．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.(鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。)”和后半句“andreplacethemisprettyimportant.(更换的能力是非常重要的。)”和常识可知，鳕鱼牙齿更换前旧的牙齿会脱落。所以shed为“脱落”之意。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butastudy,publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.(但是11月发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上的一项研究称，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。所以推断写此篇文章的目的是介绍一项新研究的发现。故选B。5．A

6．B

7．B

8．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，每天盯着深红色的灯看三分钟可以大大改善视力下降，这一发现将会受益于人类。5．推理判断题。根据第一段“AnewUniversityCollegeLondon-ledstudyfindsthatstaringatadeepredlightforthreeminutesadaycangreatlyimprovedecliningeyesight.”（伦敦大学学院领导的一项新的研究发现，每天盯着深红色的灯看三分钟可以大大改善视力下降。）可知，文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，所以第一段的作用就是引出话题。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Doctorssayathree-minutedailydoesofthespecialredlightfortwoweekscouldhelpimproveage-relatedvisionproblems.”（医生说，每天三分钟的特殊红灯持续两周可以帮助改善和年龄有关的视力问题。）以及第三段第二行“Theleadauthor,ProfessorGlenJefferysaid,"Istronglysuggestthatpeopleshouldnotjustgoandbuyaredlightonline.Theyhavetoproducetherightwavelength.…””（主要作者格伦·杰弗里教授说：“我强烈建议人们不应该仅仅在网上购买红灯。它们必须产生正确的波长……”）可知，波长合适的红光可能会有帮助。故选B项。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ThestudywascarriedoutbyateamfromUniversityCollegeLondon.Researchersconductedtestson24menandwomenagedbetween28and72.Theysaidsomecellsthatcouldhelpusprocesslighthadbecomeworseintheolderpeople.Doctorssaytheredlightimprovedtheabilityofthesepeopletodetectdifferentcolors,particularlyblue.Thevisionoftheseolderpeopleimprovedbyasmuchas22percent,Jeffreysaid,"Populationsareageingrapidlyandthisisgoingtobeamajorissueinthefuture.Weneedtogetreadyforthis."Headded,"Ifyoucan'tseeclearly,youcan'treadorwatchTV.Youalsotendtofalldownandbreakbones.Ourlightsareastepinthisdirection."”（这项研究是由伦敦大学学院的一个团队进行的。研究人员对24名年龄在28岁至72岁之间的男性和女性进行了测试。他们说，一些可以帮助我们处理光线的细胞在老年人中变得更糟。医生说，红光提高了这些人检测不同颜色的能力，尤其是蓝色。杰弗里说，这些老年人的视力提高了22%，“人口正在迅速老龄化，这将是未来的一个重大问题。我们需要为此做好准备。”他补充道：“如果你看不清楚，你就不能阅读或看电视。你也会摔倒，骨折。我们的灯光就是朝这个方向迈出的一步。”）可知，最后一段主要讲研究的过程和结果。故选B项。8．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，每天盯着深红色的灯看三分钟可以大大改善视力，这一发现将会受益于人类。所以这是关于医学方面的文章，可能来自于医学杂志。故选A项。9．A

10．D

11．C

12．B【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是新技术的优点和缺点。9．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.（他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们应该停止仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它。）”可知，作者在第一段中提到无人驾驶汽车想要表达的是关于新技术的热门话题。故选A。10．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.（他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。）”可知，生活在美国乡村的基督徒提倡的是注重人与人之间的互动的生活方式，故选D。11．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.（一方面，世界上有许多不同的人群在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。）”和第三段的“Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.（另一方面，新技术给世界各地的人们带来了很多好处。）”可知，本文的目的主要是讨论新技术的优点和缺点。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.（然而，我将始终看到变化的光明面，接受它，而不是抗拒它。）”可知，作者对技术进步的态度是积极的，故选B。13．B

14．A

15．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽车会产生空气污染，和几个解决空气污染的方法。13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.(解决空气污染的一个办法是制造一辆不污染空气的汽车)”、文章第四段“Anotherwayistotaketheplaceofthecarenginebysomethingelse.(另一种方法是用别的东西代替汽车引擎)”以及文章第五段“Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,we’llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofuslive.(为了防止世界被汽车污染，我们必须在许多人的生活方式上做出一些改变)”可知，文章提到了“设计一辆新车”、“用其他东西代替汽车发动机”以及“改变我们许多人的生活方式”这三种摆脱空气污染的方法。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.(如果汽车厂倒闭，大量工人可能会失业)”可知，如果汽车的数量减少，对美国工人来说最严重的问题就是没有工作可做。故选A。15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Althoughcarshaveledustoabetterlife,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.(尽管汽车让我们的生活更美好，但它们也给我们带来了新的问题)”可知，作者得出的结论是汽车不仅给我们带来了更好的生活，也带来了严重的问题。故选D。16．C

17．D

18．A

19．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失落的倾听艺术，分析了导致倾听艺术遗失的一些因素、好的倾听者所具有的一些特点和倾听所带来的潜在好处。16．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.(此外，学校和大学很少开设教导认真聆听的课程或活动)”可知，影响聆听的因素之一是学校很少教授聆听技巧。故选C。17．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhattheysayisrelatedtoyou.It’snotaboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Alotoflisteninghastodowithhowyourespond—thedegreetowhichyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,haveaclearmindofyourown.(一般来说，倾听不仅仅是听别人说什么。这还涉及到注意他们是如何说的、他们说的时候做了什么、在什么语境下以及他们说的话与你有什么关系。这不仅仅是在别人滔滔不绝的时候保持沉默。恰恰相反。大量的倾听与你如何回应有关——你在多大程度上促进了他人思想的清晰表达，在这个过程中，你有一个清晰的自己的头脑)”可知，第三段主要讲了人们如何重新找回失传的倾听艺术。故选D。18．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Becauseourbraincanthinkalotfasterthanpeoplecantalk,be