2024-2025学年高中英语Unit1AlandofdiversitySectionⅢGrammar-名词性从句作主语宾语和表语学案含解析新人教版选修8

PAGEUnit1AlandofdiversitySectionⅢGrammar——名词性从句作主语、宾语和表语[语法精讲]一、名词性从句的定义、分类及连接词1．定义在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。2．分类依据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredictiveClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClause)。3．连接词引导名词性从句的连接词有连词三个、连接代词五个、连接副词四个。二、主语从句1．主语从句的连接词(1)that和whether/if：连接词that在主语从句中不充当成分，但不能省略；whether引导的主语从句可位于复合句的句首，而if引导主语从句时不能位于句首，常用it作形式主语。Thathesuddenlyfellillmadeussurprised.＝Itmadeussurprisedthathesuddenlyfellill.他的突然生病让我们震惊。Whethertheworkcanbecompletedontimeisdoubtful.＝Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompletedontime.这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。(2)连接代词有who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever等。连接代词可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whatrolehewillplayinthefilmisunknown.在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。Whowillcometogivethetalkisknowntousall.我们都知道谁将来作报告。Whoevergetsthejobwillhavealotofthingstodo.任何得到这份工作的人都将有许多事情要做。(3)连接副词(when,where,how,why,however等)。通常在从句中作状语。WhyJohnwaslateforclasshasbeenunexplained.约翰上课迟到的缘由还没有说明。2．主语从句与形式主语itTheyaretwins.It'snowonderthattheylookthesame.他们是双胞胎。难怪他们看起来一样。Itisveryimportantthatastudent(should)learnEnglishwell.学生学好英语很重要。It'sbelievedthatcomputershavechangedourdailylife.人们认为电脑已经变更了我们的日常生活。ItturnsoutthatIwasrightallalong.结果表明我始终是正确的。三、宾语从句1．宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的连接词有：that，if/whether(是否)，连接代词(who,whom,what,whoever,whatever等)和连接副词(when,where,why,how)等。如：Hetoldmethathewouldgotocollegethenextyear.他告知我他明年会上高校。Ididn'tknowwhowouldgivetheconcerttonight.我不知道今晚谁要实行音乐会。Hedidn'ttellmewhenwewouldmeetagain.他没有告知我我们什么时候会再见面。2．动词和介词后的宾语从句(1)大多数及物动词后都可以跟宾语从句，须要留意的是：①demand,order,suggest,advise,insist,request等表“要求、吩咐、建议”的动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员吩咐部队立刻动身。②若主句谓语是find,feel,consider,make,think等时，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于宾语补足语后。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。③有些动词接从句作宾语时要用it作形式宾语，这类动词主要有hate,like,appreciate等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我厌烦他们满嘴食物时说话。(2)介词后的宾语从句：一般状况下，介词后常接wh­类连接词引导的宾语从句。而except,but和in等少数介词后也可接that引导的宾语从句。IsthereanythingwrongwithwhatIsaid?我所说的有错误之处吗？IknowlittleabouthimexceptthatheisanAmerican.除了知道他是一名美国人，我对他一窍不通。(3)“doubt＋宾语从句”的应用：确定句中用whether/if，否定句或疑问句中用that。Idoubtwhether/ifhecanpasstheexam.我怀疑他是否能够通过此次考试。Idon'tdoubtthathecanpasstheexam.我不怀疑他能通过此次考试。Doyoudoubtthathecanpasstheexam?你怀疑他能通过此次考试吗？四、表语从句1．表语从句的连接词引导表语从句的连接词有：连接代词(what,who,whom,whose,which等)，连接副词(when,where,how,why等)以及that,whether,asif/though,because等。Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishtheworkintime.问题是我们能否刚好完成这项工作。Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.听起来似乎有人在敲门。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她。2．表语从句的特别句式(1)This/That/Itisbecause...“这/那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。Hisfatherhasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.他父亲有心脏病，那是因为他抽烟太多了。(2)That'swhy...“那就是……的缘由”，why引导表语从句。Thatiswhyeverythingisbecomingmeaningless.这就是为什么一切都变得愈来愈没有意义了。(3)Thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的缘由是……”，why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,that引导表语从句。ThereasonwhyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.我难受的缘由是他没有理解我。五、难点突破1．主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的语序都用陈述语序。Ican'tunderstandwhywildrocksandhighmountainshavebecomepopularforaholiday.我不明白为何高山峻岭起先成为人们喜爱的假日去处。2．主语从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式，但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应依据作表语的名词而定。Whatthepoorchildrenneedarebooks.这些贫困的孩子须要的是书。Whatthehomelesschildrenneedislove.这些无家可归的孩子须要的是爱。3．宾语从句若表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句通常用一般现在时。TheteachertoldthechildrenthatTaiwanbelongstoChina.老师告知孩子们台湾属于中国。4．动词think,believe,suppose,imagine等后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移，主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用确定式。Idon'tthinkweneedtowastemuchtimeonit.我想我们不必在这上面奢侈太多时间。5．宾语从句中不能省略that的状况。动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句前的that一般不能省去。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove.我信任你已经尽全力了，事情会好起来的。6．主句的主语是名词proposal,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等时，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofsettingitaside.(从句用虚拟语气)我的建议是我们应当探讨一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。7．whether和if：whether与if作“是否”讲时，在下列状况下一般只能用whether不能用if。(1)引导主语从句并在句首时；(2)引导表语从句时；(3)引导从句作介词宾语时；(4)后接动词不定式或ornot时。Wearen'tinterestedinwhetherhewillagreewithusornot.我们对他是否会同意我们的观点不感爱好。Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.2．Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.3．Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.4．Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree­linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.5．Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.6．Theproblemishowwecanimproveourreadingskillsinsuchashorttime.7．Weallfinditimportantthatwemakeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.8．Iamnotinterestedinwhethertheybelieveinmeornot.9．Hehaslungdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.10．Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.11．WhereLiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.12．Asthespokeswomansaid,whetherweshouldtakeactionagainstthemdependsonwhattheywilldo.13．It'sreportedthatChinahasofferedtohelpeuro­zonecountrieswiththeirsovereigndebtcrisis.14．IfeelitapitythatIhaven'tbeentotheget­together.15．WhatsurpriseduswasthatLucyhaddoneherworkneatlyandcorrectly.16．Thereasonwhyhegaveupthechancetogoabroadwasthathismotherobjectedtoit.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Itisnecessarythatparentshelpedthechildformthehabitofreadingbooks.helped→(should)_help2．Ifhewillpasstheexamornotmakesnodifferencetohisparents.If→Whether3．Anyoneleavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelightandlockthedoor.Anyone后加who或Anyone→Whoever4．Thattheywillbuyanewcardependsonhowmuchprofittheywillmakefromthebusiness.That→Whether5．WhethertheflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedarewhatI'mespeciallyworriedabout.are→is6．WemustfindoutwhereKarliscomingsothatwecanbookaroomforhiminadvance.where→when7．Weallconsiderimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.consider后加it8．Galileo'sobservationsshowthatCopernicus,anothergreatastronomer,wasrightandtheearthmovesaroundthesun.and后加that9．We'reallpleasedwhatwehaveonceagainovercomethedifficulty.what→that10．Wearethinkingaboutwhomcanbeadmittedintoourclub.Thenumberofmembersislimited.whom→whoⅢ.补全句子1．That's_whyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzewillbeabetterchoice.那就是为什么我认为“长江之行”将是一个更好的选择。2．Atlast,onbehalfofallthestudentsinourschool,Ihopethatyouwillhaveasafeandhappyjourney